Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

Single-Polarization And Single-Mode Hybrid Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber Design At 2 Μm, Herschel Herring, Mohammad Al Mahfuz, Md Selim Habib

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, a new
type of hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) design using
hybrid silica/high-index material (HIM) cladding is presented
for single-polarization, high-birefringence, and endlessly single-
mode operation at 2 μm wavelength. We show that the inclusion
of a HIM layer in the cladding allows strong suppression of
𝑥−polarization, while maintaining low propagation loss and
single-mode propagation for 𝑦−polarization. The optimized HC-
ARF design includes a combination of low propagation loss,
high-birefringence, and polarization-extinction ratio (PER) or
loss ratio of 0.02 dB/m, 1.2×10−4, and >550 respectively, while the
loss of the 𝑥−polarization is >20 …

Analysis Of Modeled 3d Solar Magnetic Field During 30 X/M-Class Solar Flares, Seth H. Garland, Vasyl B. Yurchyshyn, Robert D. Loper, Benjamin F. Akers, Daniel J. Emmons Ii

Faculty Publications

Using non-linear force free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, 3D magnetic fields were modeled from the 12-min cadence Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) photospheric vector magnetograms, spanning a time period of 1 hour before through 1 hour after the start of 18 X-class and 12 M-class solar flares. Several magnetic field parameters were calculated from the modeled fields directly, as well as from the power spectrum of surface maps generated by summing the fields along the vertical axis, for two different regions: areas with photospheric |B_z|≥ 300 G (active region—AR) and areas above the photosphere with the …

New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The first part of this thesis explores the abstract quantum state vector space using Dirac formalism, providing a comprehensive analysis of quantum mechanics’ fundamental concepts. Emphasis is placed on the Dirac notation’s pivotal role in elucidating quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. Through detailed examinations of quantum states, polarization, and the CHSH inequality, this study not only reinforces the theoretical foundations of quantum information science but also demonstrates its practical applications in quantum information and quantum computing. The discussion delves into the manipulation of qubits and quantum gates, showing the potential of quantum information theory in enhancing computational efficiencies …

Low Noise Amplifier For 5ghz Wi-Fi Applications On 22nm, Harshdeep Singh

Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

More devices than ever are being used to connect to the internet via Wi-Fi than ever before. This creates the demand for improving Wi-Fi standards and wireless transceivers. On of the most important stages of a Wi-Fi receiver is the low noise amplifier (LNA), this is because it is the very first stage after the antenna receives the signal. The LNA is responsible for boasting the incoming signal while adding a low amount of noise to boast the signal enough to make it receptible to the rest of the receiver system. This study sought to design an inductively degenerated common …

Mems Optical Cavities For Low Power Communication., Jacob Schopp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis discusses the use of MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) optical cavities for use in low power communication. MEMS optical cavities are thin air gaps between an actuated MEMS mirror and a fixed glass encapsulation. By moving the MEMS mirror the reflectivity of the MEMS optical cavity can be changed. This change in reflectivity can be used to transmit information passively by modulating reflected light intensity instead of generating new light using a light source. These MEMS optical cavities are demonstrated using optical fibers for illumination delivery and reflected light collection. In addition to being reflected for communication, the illuminating light …

4-Channel Spatially Multiplexed Communication System In Single-Core Optical Fibers, Ce Su

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation delves into exploring and advancing spatial domain / space division multiplexing (SDM) technologies within single-core optical fibers, a frontier in optical fiber communications poised to meet the burgeoning global demand for data transmission. At the heart of this research is the pursuit to significantly enhance the capacity and efficiency of optical fiber communication systems without necessitating additional fiber infrastructure. This work unveils a new paradigm in optical fiber communications characterized by a pioneering 4-channel SDM system through a meticulous process encompassing theoretical modeling, computational simulations, design innovations, and rigorous experimental validations. Theoretical contributions include the development of refined …

Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of Advanced High-Power Single-Mode 9xxnm Semiconductor Lasers, Xiaolei Zhao

All Dissertations

This thesis presents the comprehensive design, fabrication, and demonstration of advanced high-power, high-efficiency single-mode semiconductor lasers operating at a wavelength of 9xxnm. We begin with the design of the laser epitaxial structure, serving as the cornerstone for achieving high-power high-efficiency lasers. Our methodology integrates a semi-analytical calculation model, which accounts for Longitudinal Spatial Hole Burning (LSHB) and Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) effects, facilitating a thorough exploration of how design parameters influence output power and conversion efficiency. This approach offers an effective and time-efficient epitaxial structure optimization strategy compared to conventional full 3D simulation models.

Subsequently, we demonstrate high-power, high-efficiency ridge waveguide …

Redirection Of Current In A Dense Plasma Focus, Rocky Gonzalez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Mission Support & Test Services (MSTS) reports that significant amounts of energy needed for generating high energy neutrons is lost within a Dense Plasma Focus between its pinch-end of the anode stalk and at its base near the insulating sleeve. It is their mission and the goal of this research effort to both experimentally and theoretically study current redirection in a DPF during and after pinch dynamics. It is hypothesized that current redirection, due to restrike, behind the dynamic sheath of a dense plasma focus will result in a measurable change in the magnetic field along the longitudinal axis …

Plasma Diagnostics For Anode Cathode Plasmas And High Energy Density Physics On A Linear Transformer Driver, Robert Beattie-Rossberg

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

A twelve-brick air insulated linear transformer driver (LTD) was characterized by charging to voltages ranging from 30 to 70 kV and delivering energy to two separate resistive loads. Various plasma diagnostics were built and fielded with an emphasis on the design, implementation and analysis of a Mach Zehnder interferometer, a moiré deflectometer and a spectroscopy system providing information on the temporal evolution of plasma electron density and atomic composition. Rogowski coils, XRD radiation detectors, framing camera images and time integrated DSLR images are used to further understand load conditions where current data, x ray radiation data, velocity data and instability …

Nowcasting Solar Euv Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields And The Mg Ii Index, Kara L. Kniezewski, Samuel J. Schonfeld, Carl J. Henney

Student Publications

A new method to nowcast spectral irradiance in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands is presented here, utilizing only solar photospheric magnetograms and the Mg II index (i.e., the core-to-wing ratio). The EUV and FUV modeling outlined here is a direct extension of the SIFT (Solar Indices Forecasting Tool) model, based on Henney et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014sw001118). SIFT estimates solar activity indices using the earth-side solar photospheric magnetic field sums from global magnetic maps generated by the ADAPT (Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport) model. Utilizing strong and weak magnetic field sums from ADAPT maps, Henney …

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic Detection Of Volatile Organic Compounds With Zinc Oxide And Metal-Organic Frameworks As Solid-State Sensor Materials, Papa Kojo Amoah

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The industrial revolution drove technological progress but also increased the release of harmful pollutants, posing significant risks to human health and the environment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have various anthropogenic and natural sources, are particularly concerning due to their impact on public health, especially in urban areas. Addressing these adverse effects requires comprehensive strategies for mitigation as traditional gas sensing techniques have limitations and there is a need for innovative approaches to VOC detection.

VOCs encompass a diverse group of chemicals with high volatility, emitted from various human activities and natural sources. These compounds play a crucial role in …

Wireless Power Transfer Using Cavity With Height Discontinuities, Linsheng Zhang

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

A novel device for efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system is presented. The proposed WPT system utilizes modified microstrip antennas with height discontinuities (MAHDs) to achieve power transfer. Similar to the conventional WPT system using inductive devices, the power transmission relies on the magnetic field coupling in the near field region. However, the researcher can treat the isolated transmitter or receiver as a modified microstrip antenna, which resembles a capacitive device. Like a capacitive antenna, we can utilize the cavity model, which significantly simplifies field analysis, design and impedance matching process, reduces the overall space requirement, and potentially increases the …

Longitudinal Solid Polarized Target For Clas12 And Study Of Spin Structure Of Nucleons, Pushpa Pandey

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A suite of experiments measuring target-spin observables in electron-nucleon scattering (dubbed Run Group C) was conducted at Jefferson Lab’s Hall B in Newport News, VA with a new polarized nuclear target known as ‘APOLLO’ (Ammonia Polarized Longitudinally). This innovative target is engineered to seamlessly integrate with the advanced 12 GeV CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) accelerator and the Hall B CLAS12 (12 GeV CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer) detector array. The ‘APOLLO’ target harnesses the power of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) to achieve longitudinal polarization of solid ammonia, thereby creating a net polarization in both protons (NH₃) and …

6d Single-Fluorogen Orientation-Localization Microscopy For Elucidating The Architecture Of Beta-Sheet Assemblies And Biomolecular Condensates, Tingting Wu, Weiyan Zhou, Jai S. Rudra, Rohit V. Pappu, Matthew D. Lew

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

We develop six-dimensional single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) to measure the 3D positions and 3D orientations simultaneously of single fluorophores. We show how careful optimization of phase and polarization modulation components can encode phase, polarization, and angular spectrum information from each fluorescence photon into a microscope’s dipole-spread function. We used the transient binding and blinking of Nile red (NR) to characterize the helical structure of fibrils formed by designed amphipathic peptides, KFE8^L and KFE8^D, and the pathological amyloid-beta peptide Aβ42. We also deployed merocyanine 540 to uncover the interfacial architectures of biomolecular condensates.

Assessing The Relationship Between The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation And D-Region Electron Density, Natalie R. Wirth

Theses and Dissertations

High frequency (HF) communication is a vital aspect of military communication and is highly reliant upon ionospheric conditions. The variation in electron density within the lowest echelon of the ionosphere, the D-region, can significantly impact HF signals, making communication inconsistent and unreliable for these wavelengths. Despite the D-region’s important, research in this area mainly focuses on understanding the impact of space weather anomalies on the upper ionosphere, particularly its higher layers, with relatively little exploration of the D-region. This region, situated closest to the troposphere and stratosphere, has been definitively linked to solar weather events like solar flares and geomagnetic …

The Effects Of A Non-Uniform Magnetic Field On Solar Cell Efficiency, Jason A. Burdette

Theses and Dissertations

Commercial-grade silicon-based solar cells have an efficiency in the 20-30% range. The addition of a non-uniform magnetic field manipulates the movement of charge carriers within the silicon of a solar cell. With this manipulation, one hypothesis is that the magnetic field increases the current produced by the solar cell which helps to increase the power and efficiency of the solar cell. Measuring a solar cell’s output current and voltage both with and without the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field tests this theory. Voltage multiplied by current gives output power, and to be calculated, efficiency needs maximum output power. The …

Analyzing The Effects Of Atmospheric Turbulence On Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs Using Quantum State Tomography, Noah S. Everett

Theses and Dissertations

To help in building a quantum-based communication link, we experimentally designed a system to simulate atmospheric turbulence and characterize its effects on a polarization-entangled photon-pair source. The simulated turbulence is constructed using two afocal optical systems with a phase plate inserted in each to mimic both weak and strong atmospheric turbulence respectively. After propagation, quantum state tomography (QST) is performed on each pair to reconstruct the density matrix of the pair’s overall polarization state. In characterization of the simulated turbulence, we were able to reach strengths up to a D/r0 of 18.2, which begins to approach the strong turbulent regime. …

Development Of An Electromagnetic System For Wireless Magnetic Manipulation Of Soft Capsule Endoscope For Drug Delivery Applications, Nada Ashraf Hussein Mahmoud

Theses and Dissertations

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a remarkable diagnostic device that examines the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The WCE is a small capsule integrated with a camera that is used to visualize the inner mucosa of the GI tract. WCE has been proven to be the most effective method to diagnose GI diseases and GI cancers. The procedure reduces the discomfort and risk compared to conventional endoscopy methods. However, current WCEs lack the ability to take a biopsy or deliver a drug to a specific location. Those therapeutic functions can be introduced by wirelessly controlled WCEs. This thesis introduces an electromagnetic system …

Mechanical And Electromagnetic Properties Of Incorporating Graphene Oxide In Cementitious Mixtures, Cherif Khalil

Theses and Dissertations

This multidisciplinary study aimed at investigating the impact of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical properties and electromagnetic (EM) shielding effectiveness of cementitious mixtures, as well as critically examining the mechanism with which GO affects their microstructure properties. Analysis of the literature review showed that there are discrepancies in reporting the impact of GO on the mortar mix. Consequently, this study focuses on exploring the cause for such discrepancies and identifies three main factors which are thoroughly investigated. The factors were the different sonication energies applied to the GO (Shear Mixing, 1.5 kJ/ml, 3 kJ/ml and 6 kJ/ml), the …

Employing Frequency Independent Structure For Ultra-Wide Band Antenna, Hassan Ali Ragheb, Mostafa Salah

Electrical Engineering

The paper presents a novel and compact design for an ultra-wideband antenna based on frequency independent ethos. It consists of a Log-Periodic monopole structure with specific angle for the radiating patch with a defected ground plane. The antenna is fed using microstrip line feed and is designed on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a relative permittivity of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02. The Finite Element Method (FEM) of the Ansoft HFSS software is used during the design process. The proposed antenna covers the frequency range from 5.3 GHz up to 14 GHz for multiple …

Detection And Classification Of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks, J. A. Ellis, Daniel J. Emmons, M. B. Cohen

Faculty Publications

In this work, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are developed to detect and characterize sporadic E (E_s), demonstrating an improvement over current methods. This includes a binary classification model to determine if Es is present, followed by a regression model to estimate the Es ordinary mode critical frequency (foEs), a proxy for the intensity, along with the height at which the Es layer occurs (hEs). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and excess phase profiles from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) missions during the years 2008–2022 are used as the inputs of the model. Intensity (foEs) and the …

Side Lobe Level Reduction And Array Thinning Of Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays, Alzahraa H. Nosier, Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Mohamed E. Nasr, Nessim M. Mahmoud, Amr H. Hussein

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This paper presents a new beamforming technique based on the hybrid combination of the convolution algorithm (CA) and the genetic algorithm (GA) for reducing side lobe level (SLL) and array thinning of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA), which is denoted as C/GA technique. The CA determines the excitations of the elements, while the GA optimizes the radii of the circular arrays to adjust the half-power beamwidth (HPBW). For CCAA consisting of uniform feeding circular arrays, we assume that there are excitation coefficients that are distributed symmetrically around the array center and arranged in a vector. The excitation vector is convolved …

Semiconductor Mode-Locked Lasers For Applications In Multi-Photon Imaging And Microwave Photonics, Srinivas Varma Pericherla

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Semiconductor lasers are considered essential for the advancement in the field of photonics where compact and energy-efficient lasers are necessary. Advancements in integrated photonic technologies will help push the performance of semiconductor lasers in the coming years and expand the technology to several other applications. Semiconductor lasers offer several key features such as high energy efficiency, mass production, availability at a myriad of wavelengths, and high integration capabilities. However, limitations in noise performance, pulse energy, and duration hold back semiconductor lasers from being utilized to their full potential. This dissertation reviews the utilization and development of external techniques that enable …

Design Of Circular Piecewise Mimo Antenna For 5g Applications, Hassan Ali Ragheb, Faris Gamal, Mariam Housam

Electrical Engineering

The study under consideration demonstrates that optimally designed and executed mobile antenna are necessary to provide the remarkable performance that 5G networks are expected to offer. This work demonstrates the design and implementation of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna which is important for wireless communications. For increased coverage, efficacy, and capacity Beamforming, polarization diversity, and MIMO capabilities are among the important design components that are emphasized here. The design is simulated using HFSS and consists of 4 elements of antenna that combine to form a piecewise circular-shaped patch. Each element acts as a monopole. The single-element results show a resonance …

Efficient Super-Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna Design For Multi-Band Wireless Applications, Hassan Ali Ragheb, Mariam Housam, Mostafa Salah, Angie El-Damak

Electrical Engineering

The paper describes the design of a novel super ultra-wide band antenna based on frequency independent structure and defected ground plane principles. The antenna is intended to be used for applications in WLAN, WI-MAX, S band, C band, X band, K band, and 5G mm Wave frequencies. Its compact size of 55× 40 × 1.6mm3 and utilization of FR-4 substrate, offers cost-effective manufacturing. The partial ground plane configuration enhances the antenna's bandwidth. The designed antenna was fabricated and tested where the results for S11 and VSWR were compared with those obtained from the simulation. An excellent agreement was observed between …

A Comprehensive Exploration Of Fundamental And Experimental Characteristics Of Nanophotonic Metasurfaces, Nasrin Razmjooei

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The advent of diffraction gratings with periodic unit cells has led to numerous advancements in theoretical studies and practical applications. Recently, these structures have been recognized as subsets of “meta-surfaces” or “meta-materials”, employing periodically aligned features at the wavelength scale to manipulate electromagnetic wave properties for diverse applications. This manipulation extends to controlling amplitude, phase, spectral distribution, polarization state, and the local mode structure of light across various spectral expressions. A significant characteristic of these metasurfaces is their ability to couple incident light to laterally propagating leaky Bloch modes in the subwavelength regime, resulting in resonance at specific wavelengths known …

All-Optical Signal Processing With Fiber-Based Parametric Wavelength Converters, Cheng Guo

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The optical signal degradation by optical amplifier noise set the fundamental limit of link reach in the fiber-optics networks. The industrial solution is to use the optical-electrical-optical (OEO) regenerator to clean up the noise at the expense of high-speed electronics and extra cost of laser and photodetectors. All-optical signal processing, enabled by nonlinear optics and optical fiber, intrinsically provides 2-order of magnitude higher processing bandwidth and seamless interface to fiber communication channels. However, there is no robust phase-preserving regenerator that has been experimentally demonstrated without sophisticated polarization tuning and without instable interferometric structure. In this project, we explore the applications …

Advanced Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 And Omicron Variants Via Mxene-Graphene Hybrid Biosensors Utilizing Nucleic Acid Probes, Jiaoli Li, Yuwei Zhang, Congjie Wei, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Hsin Yin Chuang, Logan Pearce, Adrianus Boon, Yue-Wern Huang, Dong Hyun Kim, Risheng Wang, Chenglin Wu

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Low-cost biosensors that can rapidly and widely detect viruses are critical for faster diagnosis and treatment decision-making, especially for infections. The commonly used field-effect transistor is sensitive to the biomarker's detection but struggles with precise detection, particularly of nontargets such as ions and proteins. To overcome this limitation, we developed a field-effect transistor biosensor design based on MXene-graphene materials to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of virus detection. Based on the hybridization process between two complementary DNA strands, single-stranded nucleic acids were immobilized on the sensing surface via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde to capture the nucleic acids of the target virus. …

Analytical Modeling Of Partially-Filled Tm010-Mode Dielectric Resonator For Accurate Dk And Df Extraction, Mehdi Mousavi, Chaofeng Li, Reza Asadi, Seyedmostafa Mousavi, Reza Vahdani, Xiaoning Ye, Mina Esmaeelpour, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In high-speed printed circuit board (PCB) modeling, the accurate determination of the dielectric constant (DK) and dissipation factor (DF) is crucial for signal integrity analysis at design stage. This paper introduces an analytical approach using a partially filled TM010-mode dielectric resonator, an effective tool for DK and DF extraction of PCB material. We begin by discussing the theoretical underpinnings of TM₀₁₀-mode dielectric resonators and their applicability in measuring the DK and DF of the material under test. A mathematical model is then presented, linking the resonant characteristics directly to the DK and DF of the dielectric material. The …

Vertical Interconnect Technology In Silicon, Package, And Printed Circuit Board (Pcb) With Coaxial Structure, Junyong Park, Chaofeng Li, Eddie Mok, Joe Dickson, Joan Tourne, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces vertical interconnect technology in silicon, package, and printed circuit board (PCB) levels with a coaxial structure, respectively. The coaxial structure has been known to be advantageous in terms of signal integrity (SI) compared to the non-coaxial structure. The coaxial structure is easy to control the characteristic impedance Z0 and robust to crosstalk. The silicon-level interconnect includes the wire bonding (WB) and through-silicon via (TSV) technology, the package-level interconnect includes an elastomer package test socket. The PCB-level interconnect includes the vias, and vertical conductive structure (VeCS). For each level, the non-coaxial and coaxial interconnects are compared with the …