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Articles 91 - 120 of 292
Full-Text Articles in Electromagnetics and Photonics
Large Area Conformal Infrared Frequency Selective Surfaces, Jeffrey D'Archangel
Large Area Conformal Infrared Frequency Selective Surfaces, Jeffrey D'Archangel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) were originally developed for electromagnetic filtering applications at microwave frequencies. Electron-beam lithography has enabled the extension of FSS to infrared frequencies; however, these techniques create sample sizes that are seldom appropriate for real world applications due to the size and rigidity of the substrate. A new method of fabricating large area conformal infrared FSS is introduced, which involves releasing miniature FSS arrays from a substrate for implementation in a coating. A selective etching process is proposed and executed to create FSS particles from crossed-dipole and square-loop FSS arrays. When the fill-factor of the particles in the …
Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas With Tunable Radiation Pattern Characteristics, Ahmed Khidre
Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas With Tunable Radiation Pattern Characteristics, Ahmed Khidre
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reconfigurable beam antenna systems are capable of changing their radiation characteristics in real time, such as beam direction, beam shape, beamwidth, etc. Such antenna system is desired for various wireless applications because of many reasons among them; it helps to enhance signal strength received from an intended target, mitigates interference, and accommodates sudden changes in traffic demand of wireless networks. It might also help to reduce the deployment cost of wireless networks infrastructures. In this dissertation, designs for reconfigurable beam microstrip antennas with tunable radiation characteristics have been proposed. The method to achieve these designs is the reconfigurable parasitic element …
Broadband Approaches And Beam-Scanning Techniques For Reflectarray Antenna, Yilin Mao
Broadband Approaches And Beam-Scanning Techniques For Reflectarray Antenna, Yilin Mao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reflectarray antennas combine the numerous advantages of reflector antennas and phased array antennas and create a hybrid high-gain antenna with a low-profile, low-mass, easy-fabrication, and diversified radiation performance. However, it still has some inherent drawbacks, such as limited bandwidth and scanning range, which are targeted in this dissertation. At first, the array theory approach for radiation analysis of reflectarray antennas is described and implemented. Numerical results are then presented and compared with reference results to confirm its reliability. As the most critical influential factor to the reflectarray bandwidth, the element bandwidth was studied at first, and the effects of element …
Analysis And Design Of Low Profile Multiband Multifunctional Antenna Arrays, Walker F. Hunsicker
Analysis And Design Of Low Profile Multiband Multifunctional Antenna Arrays, Walker F. Hunsicker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Light-weight phased array antennas for aerospace and mobile applications require utilizing the same antenna aperture to provide multiple functions with dissimilar radiation pattern specifications (e.g., multiband operation for communications and tracking). Multi-functional antennas provide advantages over aggregate antenna clusters by reducing space requirements, and can aid in the optimal placement of all required apertures to provide adequate isolation between channels. Furthermore, the combination of antenna apertures into a comgeometry mitigates co-site installation issues by addressing interference within the integrated radiator design itself as opposed to the extensive analysis which is required to configure multiple radiators in close proximity. The combination …
Self-Heating Control Of Edge Emitting And Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Yu Zhang
Self-Heating Control Of Edge Emitting And Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Yu Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Self-heating leads to temperature rise of laser diode and limits the output power, efficiency and modulation bandwidth due to increased loss and decreased differential gain. The main heat sources in laser diode during continuous wave operation are Joule heating and free carrier absorption loss. To control device self-heating, the epi structure needs to be designed with low electrical resistance and low absorption loss, while the heat flux must spread out of the device efficiently. This dissertation presents the control of self-heating of both edge emitting laser diodes and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). For the 980nm high power edge …
Particle Manipulation Via Optical Forces And Engineering Soft-Matter Systems With Tunable Nonlinearities., Shima Fardad
Particle Manipulation Via Optical Forces And Engineering Soft-Matter Systems With Tunable Nonlinearities., Shima Fardad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most intriguing properties of light-matter interaction is the ability of an electromagnetic field to exert mechanical forces on polarizable objects. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the fact that light carries momentum, which in turn can be transferred to matter. Mediated by scattering, this interaction usually manifests itself as a “pushing force” in the direction of beam propagation. However, it is possible to judiciously engineer these optical forces, either by tailoring particle polarizability, and/or by structuring the incident light field. As a simple example, a tightly focused laser beam demonstrates strong gradient forces, which may attract …
Frequency Selective Detection Of Infrared Radiation In Uncooled Optical Nano-Antenna Array, Sushrut Modak
Frequency Selective Detection Of Infrared Radiation In Uncooled Optical Nano-Antenna Array, Sushrut Modak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) detection and imaging over atmospheric transparent 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm bands are increasingly becoming important for various space, defense and civilian applications. Various kinds of microbolometers offer uncooled detection of IR radiation. However, broadband absorption of microbolometers makes them less sensitive to spectrally resolved detection of infrared radiation and the fabrication is also very tedious involving multiple complex lithography steps. In this study, we designed an optical nano-antenna array based detector with narrow frequency band of operation. The structure consists of a two-element antenna array comprised of a perforated metallic hole array coupled with an underneath disk …
Nonlinear Integrated Photonics On Silicon And Gallium Arsenide Substrates, Jichi Ma
Nonlinear Integrated Photonics On Silicon And Gallium Arsenide Substrates, Jichi Ma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Silicon photonics is nowadays a mature technology and is on the verge of becoming a blossoming industry. Silicon photonics has also been pursued as a platform for integrated nonlinear optics based on Raman and Kerr effects. In recent years, more futuristic directions have been pursued by various groups. For instance, the realm of silicon photonics has been expanded beyond the well-established near-infrared wavelengths and into the mid-infrared (3 - 5 µm). In this wavelength range, the omnipresent hurdle of nonlinear silicon photonics in the telecommunication band, i.e., nonlinear losses due to two-photon absorption, is inherently nonexistent. With the lack of …
Specialty Fiber Lasers And Novel Fiber Devices, Clemence Jollivet
Specialty Fiber Lasers And Novel Fiber Devices, Clemence Jollivet
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
At the Dawn of the 21st century, the field of specialty optical fibers experienced a scientific revolution with the introduction of the stack-and-draw technique, a multi-steps and advanced fiber fabrication method, which enabled the creation of well-controlled micro-structured designs. Since then, an extremely wide variety of finely tuned fiber structures have been demonstrated including novel materials and novel designs. As the complexity of the fiber design increased, highly-controlled fabrication processes became critical. To determine the ability of a novel fiber design to deliver light with properties tailored according to a specific application, several mode analysis techniques were reported, addressing the …
Lp Fiber Mode Converters Using Holographic Phase Mask In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Aniket Patil
Lp Fiber Mode Converters Using Holographic Phase Mask In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Aniket Patil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, an investigation was undertaken to research the use of holographic phase masks (HPMs) in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass as mode converters for linearly polarized (LP) fiber modes. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) was used to generate higher-order transverse fiber modes LPm,n. Under proper incidence condition on the holographic device, LPm,n modes are diffracted and simultaneously converted into higher order or lower order LP modes. The process was analyzed by imaging the far field on a CCD camera. It is demonstrated that using this novel method of converting transverse fiber modes several combinations of LP modes can be converted …
Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials For Display And Photonic Applications, Yuan Chen
Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials For Display And Photonic Applications, Yuan Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD) has been widely used in smartphones, pads, laptops, computer monitors, and large screen televisions, just to name a few. A great deal of effort has been delved into wide viewing angle, high resolution, low power consumption, and vivid color. However, relatively slow response time and low transmittance remain as technical challenges. To improve response time, several approaches have been developed, such as low viscosity liquid crystals, overdrive and undershoot voltage schemes, thin cell gap with a high birefringence liquid crystal, and elevated temperature operation. The state-of-the-art gray-to-gray response time of a nematic LC device …
Generation And Characterization Of Sub-70 Isolated Attosecond Pulses, Qi Zhang
Generation And Characterization Of Sub-70 Isolated Attosecond Pulses, Qi Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dynamics occurring on microscopic scales, such as electronic motion inside atoms and molecules, are governed by quantum mechanics. However, the Schroedinger equation is usually too complicated to solve analytically for systems other than the hydrogen atom. Even for some simple atoms such as helium, it still takes months to do a full numerical analysis. Therefore, practical problems are often solved only after simplification. The results are then compared with the experimental outcome in both the spectral and temporal domain. For accurate experimental comparison, temporal resolution on the attosecond scale is required. This had not been achieved until the first demonstration …
High Performance Three-Dimensional Display Based On Polymer-Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal, Yifan Liu
High Performance Three-Dimensional Display Based On Polymer-Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal, Yifan Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autostereoscopic 2D/3D (two-dimension/three-dimension) switchable display has been attracting great interest in research and practical applications for several years. Among different autostereoscopic solutions, direction-multiplexed 3D displays based on microlens array or parallax barrier are viewed as the most promising candidates, due to their compatibility with conventional 2D display technologies. These 2D/3D switchable display system designs rely on fast switching display panels and photonics devices, including adaptive focus microlens array and switchable slit array. Polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) material provides a possible solution to meet the aforementioned fast response time requirement. However, present display and photonic devices based on blue …
Holographic Recording And Applications Of Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Daniel Ott
Holographic Recording And Applications Of Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Daniel Ott
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent developments in holographic recording of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass have demonstrated their utility as components in high power laser systems for spectral narrowing, transverse mode control, beam combining, and pulse stretching/compression. VBG structures are capable of diffracting incident light into a single diffraction order with high efficiency given the Bragg condition is met. The Bragg condition depends on both the wavelength and angle of the incident light making VBGs useful for filtering and manipulating both the wavelength and angular spectrum of a source. This dissertation expands upon previous research in PTR VBGs by investigating multiplexed …
Entangled Photon Pairs In Disordered Photonic Lattices, Lane Martin
Entangled Photon Pairs In Disordered Photonic Lattices, Lane Martin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Photonic lattices consisting of arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides fabricated with precisely controlled parameters have enabled the study of discrete optical phenomena, both classical and quantum, and the simulation of other physical phenomena governed by the same dynamics. In this dissertation, I have experimentally demonstrated transverse Anderson localization of classical light in arrays with off-diagonal coupling disorder and investigated theoretically and experimentally the propagation of entangled photon pairs through such disordered systems. I discovered a new phenomenon, Anderson co-localization, in which a spatially entangled photon pair in a correlated transversally extended state localizes in the correlation space, though neither photon …
A Complex-Envelope Fdtd Formulation Using Real-Valued Field-Variables, Qi Liu
A Complex-Envelope Fdtd Formulation Using Real-Valued Field-Variables, Qi Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Use of the complex-envelope (CE) representation of band-pass limited sources and their resulting fields increases the allowable time-step in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The complex envelope representation transforms band-pass limited fields and sources to complex-valued low-pass limited form and Maxwells equations from real-valued partial differential equations (PDEs) to complex-valued PDEs. Previous CE FDTD schemes have used complex valued difference equations in terms of complex valued field quantities to approximate these complex PDEs. This choice requires the use of complex numbers and complex operations in the computer program implementing the solution. An alternative CE FDTD scheme using only real numbers and …
Multifunctional, Multimaterial Particle Fabrication Via An In-Fiber Fluid Instability, Joshua Kaufman
Multifunctional, Multimaterial Particle Fabrication Via An In-Fiber Fluid Instability, Joshua Kaufman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Spherical micro- and nano-particles have found widespread use in many various applications from paint to cosmetics to medicine. Due to the multiplicity of desired particle material(s), structure, size range, and functionality, many approaches exist for generating such particles. Bottom-up methods such as chemical synthesis have a high yield and work with a wide range of materials; however, these processes typically lead to large polydispersity and cannot produce structured particles. Top-down approaches such as microfluidics overcome the polydispersity issue and may produce a few different structures in particles, but at lower rates and only at the micro-scale. A method that can …
Photonic Filtering For Applications In Microwave Generation And Metrology, Marcus Bagnell
Photonic Filtering For Applications In Microwave Generation And Metrology, Marcus Bagnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work uses the photonic filtering properties of Fabry-Perot etalons to show improvements in the electrical signals created upon photodetection of the optical signal. First, a method of delay measurement is described which uses multi-heterodyne detection to find correlations in white light signals at 20 km of delay to sub millimeter resolution. By filtering incoming white light with a Fabry-Perot etalon, the pseudo periodic signal is suitable for measurement by combining and photodetecting it with an optical frequency comb. In this way, optical data from a large bandwidth can be downconverted and sampled on low frequency electronics. Second, a high …
Parity-Time And Supersymmetry In Optics, Mohammad Ali Miri
Parity-Time And Supersymmetry In Optics, Mohammad Ali Miri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Symmetry plays a crucial role in exploring the laws of nature. By exploiting some of the underlying analogies between the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and that of electrodynamics, in this dissertation we show that optics can provide a fertile ground for studying, observing, and utilizing some of the peculiar symmetries that are currently out of reach in other areas of physics. In particular, in this work, we investigate two important classes of symmetries, parity-time symmetry (PT) and supersymmetry (SUSY), within the context of classical optics. The presence of PT symmetry can lead to entirely real spectra in non-Hermitian systems. …
High Resolution Time-Resolved Imaging System In The Vacuum Ultraviolet Region, Yuseong Jang
High Resolution Time-Resolved Imaging System In The Vacuum Ultraviolet Region, Yuseong Jang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High-power debris-free vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light sources have applications in several scientific and engineering areas, such as high volume manufacturing lithography and inspection tools in the semiconductor industry, as well as other applications in material processing and photochemistry. For the past decades, the semiconductor industry has been driven by what is called "Moore's Law". The entire semiconductor industry relies on this rule, which requires chip makers to pack transistors more tightly with every new generation of chips, shrinking the size of transistors. The ability to solve roadmap challenges is, at least partly, proportional to our ability to measure them. The …
Semiconductor Laser Based On Thermoelectrophotonics, Xiaohang Liu
Semiconductor Laser Based On Thermoelectrophotonics, Xiaohang Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation presents to our knowledge the first demonstration of a quantum well (QW) laser monolithically integrated with internal optical pump based on a light emitting diode (LED). The LED with high efficiency is operated in a thermoelectrophotonic (TEP) regime for which it can absorb both its own emitted light and heat. The LED optical pump can reduce internal optical loss in the QW laser, and enables monolithically integrated TEP heat pumps to the semiconductor laser. The design, growth and fabrication processes of the laser chip are discussed, and its experimental data is presented. In order to further increase the …
Multimaterial Fibers In Photonics And Nanotechnology, Guangming Tao
Multimaterial Fibers In Photonics And Nanotechnology, Guangming Tao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent progress in combing multiple materials with distinct optical, electronic, and thermomechanical properties monolithically in a kilometer-long fiber drawn from a preform offers unique multifunctionality at a low cost. A wide range of unique in-fiber devices have been developed in fiber form-factor using this strategy. Here, I summary my recent results in this nascent field of 'multimaterial fibers'. I will focus on my achievements in producing robust infrared optical fibers and in appropriating optical fiber production technology for applications in nanofabrication. The development of optical components suitable for the infrared (IR) is crucial for applications in this spectral range to …
Laser Filamentation - Beyond Self-Focusing And Plasma Defocusing, Khan Lim
Laser Filamentation - Beyond Self-Focusing And Plasma Defocusing, Khan Lim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Laser filamentation is a highly complex and dynamic nonlinear process that is sensitive to many physical parameters. The basic properties that define a filament consist of (i) a narrow, high intensity core that persists for distances much greater than the Rayleigh distance, (ii) a low density plasma channel existing within the filament core, and (iii) a supercontinuum generated over the course of filamentation. However, there remain many questions pertaining to how these basic properties are affected by changes in the conditions in which the filaments are formed; that is the premise of the work presented in this dissertation. To examine …
Distribution Of Laser Induced Heating In Multi-Component Chalcogenide Glass And Its Associated Effects, Laura Sisken
Distribution Of Laser Induced Heating In Multi-Component Chalcogenide Glass And Its Associated Effects, Laura Sisken
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chalcogenide glasses are well known to have good transparency into the infrared spectrum. These glasses though tend to have low thresholds as compared to oxide glasses for photo-induced changes and thermally-induced changes. Material modification such as photo-induced darkening, bleaching, refractive index change, densification or expansion, ablation of crystallization have been demonstrated, and are typically induced by a thermal furnace-based heat treatment, an optical source such as a laser, or a combination of photo-thermal interactions. Solely employing laser-based heating has an advantage over a furnace, since one has the potential to be able to spatially modify the materials properties with much …
Highly-Sensitive Stoichiometric Analysis Of Yag Ceramics Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs), Jahromi, Ali Kazemi
Highly-Sensitive Stoichiometric Analysis Of Yag Ceramics Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs), Jahromi, Ali Kazemi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Transparent ceramics are an important class of optical materials with applications in high-strength windows, radiation detectors and high-power lasers. Despite the many successful developments of the past decades, their challenging fabrication still needs to be perfected to achieve a better consistency in optical quality. In particular, ternary phase materials such as Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), a long standing high-power laser host, require a precise control of stoichiometry, often beyond the precision of current analytical techniques, in order to reduce scattering losses and the presence of deleterious point defects. This work explores the potential of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for …
Broad Bandwidth, All-Fiber, Thulium-Doped Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifier For Potential Use In Scaling Ultrashort Pulse Peak Powers, Alex Sincore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fiber based ultrashort pulse laser sources are desirable for many applications; however generating high peak powers in fiber lasers is primarily limited by the onset of nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation, stimulated Raman scattering, and self-focusing. Increasing the fiber core diameter mitigates the onset of these nonlinear effects, but also allows unwanted higher-order transverse spatial modes to propagate. Both large core diameters and single-mode propagation can be simultaneously attained using photonic crystal fibers. Thulium-doped fiber lasers are attractive for high peak power ultrashort pulse systems. They offer a broad gain bandwidth, capable of amplifying sub-100 femtosecond pulses. The longer …
Techniques For Characterization Of Third Order Optical Nonlinearities, Manuel Ferdinandus
Techniques For Characterization Of Third Order Optical Nonlinearities, Manuel Ferdinandus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the development of novel techniques for characterization of nonlinear properties of materials. The dissertation is divided into two parts, a background and theory section and a technique development section. In the background and theory section we explain the origins of the nonlinear optical response of materials across many different spatial and temporal scales. The mechanisms that we are most interested in are the electronic nuclear and reorientational responses, which occur on the range of sub-femtosecond to several picoseconds. The electronic mechanism is due to the electrons of a material experiencing a non-parabolic potential well due a strong …
Multimaterial Fibers And Tapers A Platform For Nonlinear Photonics And Nanotechnology, Soroush Shabahang
Multimaterial Fibers And Tapers A Platform For Nonlinear Photonics And Nanotechnology, Soroush Shabahang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of optical sources and components suitable for the mid-infrared is crucial for applications in this spectral range to reach the maturity level of their counterparts in the visible and near-infrared spectral regimes. The recent commercialization of quantum cascade lasers is leading to further interest in this spectral range. Wideband mid-infrared coherent sources, such as supercontinuum generation, have yet to be fully developed. A mid-infrared supercontinuum source would allow for unique applications in spectroscopy and sensing. Over the last decade, it has been shown that high-index confinement in highly nonlinear fibers pumped with high-peak-power pulses is an excellent approach …
Thermal And Electrical Transport In Ferromagnetic Metal Thin Films, Azure D. Avery
Thermal And Electrical Transport In Ferromagnetic Metal Thin Films, Azure D. Avery
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The recent emergence of spin caloritronics has focused considerable attention on the interplay between spin, charge, and temperature gradients in magnetic materials. A reliable and energy efficient method for generating pure spin currents would signify an important step toward future spin-based nano-electronics that may offer lower power consumption and greater processing capabilities. To develop new technology using thermoelectric effects in magnetic thin films, it is essential to understand thermal and electrical transport through these films. One possible source of pure spin currents is the so-called spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in which a thermal gradient (∇T) applied to a ferromagnet is …
Femtosecond Filament Interaction As A Probe For Molecular Alignment, Erik Mckee
Femtosecond Filament Interaction As A Probe For Molecular Alignment, Erik Mckee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Femtosecond laser filamentation is a highly nonlinear propagation mode. When a laser pulse propagates with a peak power exceeding a critical value Pcr (5 GW at 800 nm in air), the Kerr effect tends to collapse the beam until the intensity is high enough to ionize the medium, giving rise to plasma defocusing. A dynamic competition between these two effects takes place leaving a thin and weakly ionized plasma channel in the trail of the pulse. When an ultrafast laser pulse interacts with molecules, it will align them, spinning them about their axis of polarization. As the quantum rotational wave …