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Articles 61 - 90 of 118
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Electronics
Reflection Coefficients Of P- And S-Polarized Light By A Quarter-Wave Layer: Explicit Expressions And Application To Beam Splitters, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat
Reflection Coefficients Of P- And S-Polarized Light By A Quarter-Wave Layer: Explicit Expressions And Application To Beam Splitters, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The complex-amplitude reflection coefficients of p- and s-polarized light by a transparent freestanding, embedded, or deposited quarter-wave layer (QWL) are derived as explicit functions of the angle of incidence and layer refractive index. This provides the basis for the design of 50%-50% beam splitters for incident s-polarized or unpolarized light that use a high-index (e.g., TiO2 or Ge) QWL embedded in a glass cube in the visible and near infrared spectral range. These simple devices have good angular and spectral response and are insensitive to small film thickness errors to the first order.
Efficiency Of Linear-To-Circular Polarization Conversion For Light Reflection At The Principal Angle By A Dielectric-Conductor Interface, R. M.A. Azzam, A. Alsamman
Efficiency Of Linear-To-Circular Polarization Conversion For Light Reflection At The Principal Angle By A Dielectric-Conductor Interface, R. M.A. Azzam, A. Alsamman
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The efficiency ηLC of linear-to-circular polarization conversion when light is reflected at a dielectric–conductor interface is determined as a function of the principal angle ϕ¯ and principal azimuth ψ¯ . Constant- ηLC contours are presented in the ϕ¯ ,ψ¯ plane for values of ηLC from 0.5 to 1.0 in steps of 0.05, and the corresponding contours in the complex plane of the relative dielectric function ϵ are also determined. As specific examples, efficiencies ⩾88% are obtained for light reflection by a Ag mirror in the visible and near-IR (400–1200nm) spectral range, and ≥40% for the reflection of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) …
Anti-Tamper Method For Field Programmable Gate Arrays Through Dynamic Reconfiguration And Decoy Circuits, Samuel J. Stone
Anti-Tamper Method For Field Programmable Gate Arrays Through Dynamic Reconfiguration And Decoy Circuits, Samuel J. Stone
Theses and Dissertations
As Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) become more widely used, security concerns have been raised regarding FPGA use for cryptographic, sensitive, or proprietary data. Storing or implementing proprietary code and designs on FPGAs could result in the compromise of sensitive information if the FPGA device was physically relinquished or remotely accessible to adversaries seeking to obtain the information. Although multiple defensive measures have been implemented (and overcome), the possibility exists to create a secure design through the implementation of polymorphic Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA (DRFPGA) circuits. Using polymorphic DRFPGAs removes the static attributes from their design; thus, substantially increasing the difficulty …
Increasing Combat Aircraft Survivability Through Coherent Self-Protection Jammers, Soner Ozer
Increasing Combat Aircraft Survivability Through Coherent Self-Protection Jammers, Soner Ozer
Theses and Dissertations
When the battlefields were within the visual range, the objective of deception tactics in warfare was to deceive the human senses. In the battlefield of electromagnetic spectrum, the objective of deception is to deceive the sensors of the enemy weapon systems. The survivability of the aircraft operating in hostile environment is of prime importance to the mission planner. If the aircraft can deny its location information to the tracking radar of the radar guided threat missile system, this, in return, may increase its survivability. The deception, a tactic which stems from the wisdom of ancient battles, incarnated in the form …
Improvement Of Ecm Techniques Through Implementation Of A Genetic Algorithm, James D. Townsend
Improvement Of Ecm Techniques Through Implementation Of A Genetic Algorithm, James D. Townsend
Theses and Dissertations
This research effective effort develops the necessary interfaces between the radar signal processing components and an optimization routine, such as genetic algorithms, to develop Electronic Countermeasure (ECM) waveforms under a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HILS) architecture. The various ECM waveforms are stored in an ECM library, where an operator selects the desired function to use against a particular system. This optimization works with modular components, compared to previous research that embedded a genetic algorithm into the Range Gate Pull-off (RGPO) waveform optimization loop, which can be interchanged based upon the operator's desired hardware/ software testing setup. The ECM library's first entries contain the …
Tailoring Metallodielectric Structures For Superresolution And Superguiding Applications In The Visible And Near-Ir Ranges, Domenico De Ceglia, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, M. G. Cappeddu, Marco Centini, Neset Akozbek, Antonella D'Orazio, Joseph W. Haus, Mark J. Bloemer, Michael Scalora
Tailoring Metallodielectric Structures For Superresolution And Superguiding Applications In The Visible And Near-Ir Ranges, Domenico De Ceglia, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, M. G. Cappeddu, Marco Centini, Neset Akozbek, Antonella D'Orazio, Joseph W. Haus, Mark J. Bloemer, Michael Scalora
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
We discuss propagation effects in realistic, transparent, metallodielectric photonic band gap structures in the context of negative refraction and super-resolution in the visible and near infrared ranges. In the resonance tunneling regime, we find that for transverse-magnetic incident polarization, field localization effects contribute to a waveguiding phenomenon that makes it possible for the light to remain confined within a small fraction of a wavelength, without any transverse boundaries, due to the suppression of diffraction. This effect is related to negative refraction of the Poynting vector inside each metal layer, balanced by normal refraction inside the adjacent dielectric layer: The degree …
Electrically Steerable Diffraction Gratings For Hyperspectral Imaging: A Microelectromechanical System Design And Fabrication, Saban Atinc Delican
Electrically Steerable Diffraction Gratings For Hyperspectral Imaging: A Microelectromechanical System Design And Fabrication, Saban Atinc Delican
Theses and Dissertations
The current research is focused on the design and fabrication of an electrically programmable diffraction grating using standard micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The goal is to design a beam steering element required to build very small hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors. The diffraction grating will be used to perform beam-dispersion - a critical step in the imaging process. The proposed transmissive diffraction grating based approach will minimize the overall size and the number of components in the physical design of the hyperspectral imagers, thereby enabling us to exploit the traditional advantages of MEMS such as increased reliability, smaller size, …
Digital Fingerprinting Of Field Programmable Gate Arrays, James W. Crouch
Digital Fingerprinting Of Field Programmable Gate Arrays, James W. Crouch
Theses and Dissertations
Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) component usage is becoming more prevalent in military applications due to current Department of Defense (DoD) policies. The easy accessibility of COTS will give reverse engineers a higher probability of successfully tampering, coping, or reverse engineering circuits that contain critical capabilities. To prevent this and verify the trustworthiness of hardware, circuit identification tags or serials numbers can be used. However, these values can be easily obtained and forged. To protect critical DoD technologies from possible exploitation, there is an urgent need for a reliable method to confirm a circuit’s identity using a set of unique unforgettable metrics. …
Design And Optimization Of Broadband High Impedance Ground Planes (Higp) For Surface Mount Antennas, Murat Dogrul
Design And Optimization Of Broadband High Impedance Ground Planes (Higp) For Surface Mount Antennas, Murat Dogrul
Theses and Dissertations
Gain and bandwidth metrics of broad-band low-profile antennas severely deteriorate when they are placed conformally onto the conductive skins of air, sea, and ground platforms. This detrimental effect is primarily due to out-of-phase reflections from the conductive body interfering with the antenna’s self radiation. Furthermore, lateral waves launched by the antenna couple into the thin substrate placed between the antenna and the platform, giving rise to surface waves resulting in significant diffraction from the edges of the substrate. To remedy these two major mechanisms degrading antenna performance, high impedance ground planes (HIGP) were designed. HIGPs made of a 2-dimensional periodic …
Characterization And Implementation Of A Real-World Target Tracking Algorithm On Field Programmable Gate Arrays With Kalman Filter Test Case, Benjamin D. Hancey
Characterization And Implementation Of A Real-World Target Tracking Algorithm On Field Programmable Gate Arrays With Kalman Filter Test Case, Benjamin D. Hancey
Theses and Dissertations
A one dimensional Kalman Filter algorithm provided in Matlab is used as the basis for a Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) model. The JAVA programming language is used to create the VHDL code that describes the Kalman filter in hardware which allows for maximum flexibility. A one-dimensional behavioral model of the Kalman Filter is described, as well as a one-dimensional and synthesizable register transfer level (RTL) model with optimizations for speed, area, and power. These optimizations are achieved by a focus on parallelization as well as careful Kalman filter sub-module algorithm selection. Newton-Raphson reciprocal is the …
Design And Analysis Of Scalable Scheduling Schemes For High-Speed Input-Queued Packet Switches, Chuan-Bi Lin
Design And Analysis Of Scalable Scheduling Schemes For High-Speed Input-Queued Packet Switches, Chuan-Bi Lin
Dissertations
Single-stage input-queued (IQ) switches are attractive for implementation of high performance routers because they require no speedup in the used memory. It has been shown that IQ switches can provide 100% throughput under admissible traffic when using either maximum-weight matching schemes or iterative maximal-weight matching schemes with a significant speedup. These different approaches require either high computation complexity or high memory costs that can make them infeasible. Therefore, there is a need for low-complexity and fast matching schemes that provide high throughput under several admissible traffic patterns, without recurring to speedup nor multiple iterations. In this thesis. the concept of …
Architecture Design And Performance Analysis Of Practical Buffered-Crossbar Packet Switches, Ziqian Dong
Architecture Design And Performance Analysis Of Practical Buffered-Crossbar Packet Switches, Ziqian Dong
Dissertations
Combined input crosspoint buffered (CICB) packet switches were introduced to relax inputoutput arbitration timing and provide high throughput under admissible traffic. However, the amount of memory required in the crossbar of an N x N switch is N2x k x L, where k is the crosspoint buffer size and needs to be of size RTT in cells, L is the packet size. RTT is the round-trip time which is defined by the distance between line cards and switch fabric. When the switch size is large or RTT is not negligible, the memory amount required makes the implementation …
Propagation And Scattering Of Beam Waves In Vegetation Using Scalar Transport Theory, Michael Yu-Chi Wu
Propagation And Scattering Of Beam Waves In Vegetation Using Scalar Transport Theory, Michael Yu-Chi Wu
Dissertations
Vegetation is a very complex propagation medium, and multiple scattering effects play a significant role in the propagation of microwave and millimeter (mm)-wave signals through foliage. At frequencies above 1 GHz,both the coherent and incoherent field components have to be taken into account and vegetation has to be modeled as a random medium of discrete scatterers having a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Multiscattering can be studied effectively by using transport theory. In prior studies, theories have been developed for microwave and mm-wave propagation in vegetation using transport theory for continuous wave and pulsed signals. In this study, the …
Polarization Properties Of Retroreflecting Right-Angle Prisms, R. M.A. Azzam, H. K. Khanfar
Polarization Properties Of Retroreflecting Right-Angle Prisms, R. M.A. Azzam, H. K. Khanfar
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The cumulative retardance Δt introduced between the p and the s orthogonal linear polarizations after two successive total internal reflections (TIRs) inside a right-angle prism at complementary angles Φ and 90°−Φ is calculated as a function of Φ and prism refractive index n. Quarter-wave retardation (QWR) is obtained on retroreflection with minimum angular sensitivity when n=(√2+1)1/2=1.55377 and Φ=45°. A QWR prism made of N-BAK4 Schott glass (n=1.55377 at λ=1303.5 nm) has good spectral response (<5° retardance error) over the 0.5-2 μm visible and near-IR spectral range. A ZnS-coated right-angle Si prism achieves QWR with an error of <±2.5° in the 9-11 μm (CO2 laser) IR spectral range. This device functions as a linear-to-circular polarization transformer and can be tuned to exact QWR at any …5°>
Throughput Enhancement Through Combined Fragmentation And Rate Method In Ieee 802.11b Wlans, Marek Bykowski, Karol Kowalik, Brian Keegan, Mark Davis
Throughput Enhancement Through Combined Fragmentation And Rate Method In Ieee 802.11b Wlans, Marek Bykowski, Karol Kowalik, Brian Keegan, Mark Davis
Conference papers
IEEE 802.11 allows for fragmentation tuning and rate selection. Their combined usage is referred sometimes to link adaptation. However, the algorithms of link adaptation are beyond the 802.11 standards. In this paper we investigate the benefits arising from proper use of link adaptation. Particularly, we develop a mathematical model describing the fragmented transmission in 802.11b. We examine potential benefits of it over AWGN and fading channels. More significantly we combine fragmentation tuning with bit-rate selection to yield the highest achievable throughput performance for any given channel conditions. Finally, we propose an algorithm that performs the optimal link adaptation.
Color Filter Array Image Analysis For Joint Denoising And Demosaicking, Keigo Hirakawa
Color Filter Array Image Analysis For Joint Denoising And Demosaicking, Keigo Hirakawa
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
Noise is among the worst artifacts that affect the perceptual quality of the output from a digital camera. While cost-effective and popular, single-sensor solutions to camera architectures are not adept at noise suppression. In this scheme, data are typically obtained via a spatial subsampling procedure implemented as a color filter array (CFA), a physical construction whereby each pixel location measures the intensity of the light corresponding to only a single color. Aside from undersampling, observations made under noisy conditions typically deteriorate the estimates of the full-color image in the reconstruction process commonly referred to as demosaicking or CFA interpolation in …
Design Of Polynomial-Based Filters For Continuously Variable Sample Rate Conversion With Applications In Synthetic Instrumentati, Matthew Hunter
Design Of Polynomial-Based Filters For Continuously Variable Sample Rate Conversion With Applications In Synthetic Instrumentati, Matthew Hunter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this work, the design and application of Polynomial-Based Filters (PBF) for continuously variable Sample Rate Conversion (SRC) is studied. The major contributions of this work are summarized as follows. First, an explicit formula for the Fourier Transform of both a symmetrical and nonsymmetrical PBF impulse response with variable basis function coefficients is derived. In the literature only one explicit formula is given, and that for a symmetrical even length filter with fixed basis function coefficients. The frequency domain optimization of PBFs via linear programming has been proposed in the literature, however, the algorithm was not detailed nor were explicit …
Ultra-Wide Band In Communications: Performance Analysis And Enhancements, Burak Berksoy
Ultra-Wide Band In Communications: Performance Analysis And Enhancements, Burak Berksoy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over the last ten years, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) technology has attracted tremendous research attention. Frequency allocation of 3.1-10.6 GHz for UWB application by FCC made it apparent that UWB will be the technology for future wireless high speed communication applications. With the promise of high data rates (high channel capacity), UWB also offers advantages such as communication security, high multi-path resolution, good penetration capability, ability to coexist with other communication schemes in the same band, and finally, circuit simplicity. The theoretical advantages of UWB has made it a great candidate for short distance communications, however, UWB communications have many challenges, …
Reducing Eddy Currents In High Magnetic Field Environments, Russell Case
Reducing Eddy Currents In High Magnetic Field Environments, Russell Case
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
When an electrical conducting volume is placed into the bore of an MRI undergoing an image scan, time varying magnetic gradients induce eddy currents in this conducting material. These eddy currents in turn produce a mechanical torque on this volume. It is the goal of this thesis to produce a computer simulation of eddy currents produced by placing conducting materials inside an MRI bore. The first part of the thesis establishes the physics and principles behind an MRI system along with several applications. Next, this thesis presents an analysis of eddy current effects produced on a conductor placed into an …
Bi-Directional Dcm Dc-To-Dc Converter For Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Michael Pepper
Bi-Directional Dcm Dc-To-Dc Converter For Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Michael Pepper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the recent revival of the hybrid vehicle much advancement in power management has been made. The most popular hybrid vehicle, the hybrid electric vehicle, has many topologies developed to realize this hybrid vehicle. From these topologies, as sub set was created to define a particular group of vehicles where the converter discussed in this thesis has the most advantage. This sub set is defined by two electric sources of power coupled together at a common bus. This set up presents many unique operating conditions which can be handled seamlessly by the DC-to-DC converter when designed properly. The DC-to-DC converter …
Drop Photometer Design., Kevin Tiernan
Drop Photometer Design., Kevin Tiernan
Doctoral
The tensiograph drop analyser, operating in the mode of ultraviolet-visual absorption photometer, was re-engineered to improve measurement accuracy. As well as instrumentation re-design, the other objective of the research was to analyse tensiograph signals to explore how their features are defined by drop properties. Using fibre optic technology, the tensiograph emits a light beam into a growing pendant drop whereupon it undergoes a number of internal reflections. A portion of the reflected light energy is coupled to a photodiode producing a proportional current that is electronically processed and transferred to a computer for analysis. The signal produced, known as the …
Modeling And Analysis Of Power Mosfets For High Frequency Dc-Dc Converters, Yali Xiong
Modeling And Analysis Of Power Mosfets For High Frequency Dc-Dc Converters, Yali Xiong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Evolutions in integrated circuit technology require the use of a high-frequency synchronous buck converter in order to achieve low cost, low profile, fast transient response and high power density. However, high frequency operation leads to increased power MOSFET switching losses. Optimization of the MOSFETs plays an important role in improving converter performance. This dissertation focuses on revealing the power loss mechanism of power MOSFETs and the relationship between power MOSFET structure and its power loss. The analytical device model, combined with circuit modeling, cannot reveal the relationship between device structure and its power loss due to the highly non-linear characteristics …
Transient Response Improvement For Multi-Phase Voltage Regulators, Shangyang Xiao
Transient Response Improvement For Multi-Phase Voltage Regulators, Shangyang Xiao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Next generation microprocessor (Vcore) requirements for high current slew rates and fast transient response together with low output voltage have posed great challenges on voltage regulator (VR) design . Since the debut of Intel 80X86 series, CPUs have greatly improved in performance with a dramatic increase on power consumption. According to the latest Intel VR11 design guidelines , the operational current may ramp up to 140A with typical voltages in the 1.1V to 1.4V range, while the slew rate of the transient current can be as high as 1.9A/ns [1, 2]. Meanwhile, the transient-response requirements are becoming stringer and stringer. …
Design, Characterization And Compact Modeling Of Novel Silicon Controlled Rectifier (Scr)-Based Devices For Electrostatic Discha, Lifang Lou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), an event of a sudden transfer of electrons between two bodies at different potentials, happens commonly throughout nature. When such even occurs on integrated circuits (ICs), ICs will be damaged and failures result. As the evolution of semiconductor technologies, increasing usage of automated equipments and the emerging of more and more complex circuit applications, ICs are more sensitive to ESD strikes. Main ESD events occurring in semiconductor industry have been standardized as human body model (HBM), machine model (MM), charged device model (CDM) and international electrotechnical commission model (IEC) for control, monitor and test. In additional to …
Performance Comparison Of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-Only And Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-On-Silicon Resonators, Hengky Chandrahalim, Sunil A. Bhave, Ronald G. Polcawich, Jeff Pulskamp, Dan Judy, Roger Kaul, Madan Dubey
Performance Comparison Of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-Only And Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-On-Silicon Resonators, Hengky Chandrahalim, Sunil A. Bhave, Ronald G. Polcawich, Jeff Pulskamp, Dan Judy, Roger Kaul, Madan Dubey
Faculty Publications
This paper provides a quantitative comparison and explores the design space of lead zirconium titanate (PZT)–only and PZT-on-silicon length-extensional mode resonators for incorporation into radio frequency microelectromechanical system filters and oscillators. We experimentally measured the correlation of motional impedance (RX) and quality factor (Q) with the resonators’ silicon layer thickness (tSi). For identical lateral dimensions and PZT-layer thicknesses (tPZT), the PZT-on-silicon resonator has higher resonant frequency (fC), higher Q (5100 versus 140), lower RX (51 Ω versus 205 Ω), and better linearity [third-order input intercept …
Kilovolt Blumlein Pulse Generator With Variable Pulse Duration And Polarity, Andrea De Angelis, Juergen F. Kolb, Luigi Zeni, Karl H. Schoenbach
Kilovolt Blumlein Pulse Generator With Variable Pulse Duration And Polarity, Andrea De Angelis, Juergen F. Kolb, Luigi Zeni, Karl H. Schoenbach
Bioelectrics Publications
A Blumlein pulse generator which utilizes the superposition of electrical pulses launched from two individually switched pulse forming lines has been designed and tested. By using a power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor as a switch on each end of the Blumlein line, we were able to generate pulses with amplitudes of 1kV across a 100Ω load. Pulse duration and polarity can be controlled by the temporal delay in the triggering of the two switches. Using this technique, we have demonstrated the generation of pulses with durations between 8 and 60ns. The lower limit in pulse duration was determined by the switch …
Acceptor Levels In Gase:In Crystals Investigated By Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy And Photoluminescence, Y. Cui, R. Dupere, A. Burger, D. Johnstone, K. C. Mandal, S. A. Payne
Acceptor Levels In Gase:In Crystals Investigated By Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy And Photoluminescence, Y. Cui, R. Dupere, A. Burger, D. Johnstone, K. C. Mandal, S. A. Payne
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Homography Based Multiple Camera Detection Of Camouflaged Targets, Jesus Flores Guerra
Homography Based Multiple Camera Detection Of Camouflaged Targets, Jesus Flores Guerra
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This Thesis proposes an improvement on segmentation of camouflaged objects by combining information from multiple static cameras with overlapping views onto a common reference plane. Previous camouflage detection work relies on a single camera and focuses on pattern recognition, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) computation, convexity detection and operations such as connected components or morphology. These methods make real-time implementation computationally expensive. The proposed work diverges from these techniques, taking advantage of the added information from several viewpoints. Background subtraction is performed on each individual camera and then, the segmentation result is transformed onto a common plane using homography. A …
Audio And Video Tempo Analysis For Dance Detection, Ryan Faircloth
Audio And Video Tempo Analysis For Dance Detection, Ryan Faircloth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The amount of multimedia in existence has become so extensive that the organization of this data cannot be performed manually. Systems designed to maintain such quantity need superior methods of understanding the information contained in the data. Aspects of Computer Vision deal with such problems for the understanding of image and video content. Additionally large ontologies such as LSCOM are collections of feasible high-level concepts that are of interest to identify within multimedia content. While ontologies often include the activity of dance it has had virtually no coverage in Computer Vision literature in terms of actual detection. We will demonstrate …
Inter-Satellite Microwave Radiometer Calibration, Liang Hong
Inter-Satellite Microwave Radiometer Calibration, Liang Hong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The removal of systematic brightness temperature (Tb) biases is necessary when producing decadal passive microwave data sets for weather and climate research. It is crucial to achieve Tb measurement consistency among all satellites in a constellation as well as to maintain sustained calibration accuracy over the lifetime of each satellite sensor. In-orbit inter-satellite radiometric calibration techniques provide a long term, group-wise solution; however, since radiometers operate at different frequencies and viewing angles, Tb normalizations are made before making intermediate comparisons of their near-simultaneous measurements. In this dissertation, a new approach is investigated to perform these normalizations from one satellite's measurements …