Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Contours Of Constant Pseudo-Brewster Angle In The Complex Є Plane And An Analytical Method For The Determination Of Optical Constants, R. M.A. Azzam, Ericson E. Ugbo

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The locus of all points in the complex plane of the dielectric function є[є_r + jє_i = |є| exp(jθ)], that represent all possible interfaces characterized by the same pseudo-Brewster angle θ_pB of minimum p reflectance, is derived in the polar form: |є| = l cos(ζ/3), where l = 2(tan²Φ_pB)k, ζ = arccos(- cosθ cos²Φ_pB/k³), and k = (1 - 2/3 sin²Φ_pB)½. Families of iso-Φ_pB contours for (I) 0° ≤ Φ_pB ≤ …

Propagation Of Millimeter Wave Signals In Forests Using The Equation Of Radiative Transfer With Strong Forward Scattering Phase Functions, Nack Yang Cho

Dissertations

A forest is a highly scattering medium at millimeter wave frequencies. The propagation of cw millimeter wave signals in forests has been studied previously, both theoretically and experimentally. Published experimental data verified that continuous wave transmission is possible over lengths of the order of a few hundred meters and that a forest acts to strongly scatter energy in the forward direction. The cw studies yielded the determination of the range dependence, beam broadening effects and depolarization effects of millimeter wave signals in a forest. However, pulse broadening effects, which are of importance particularly in the case of digital signal transmission, …

The Electrical Characteristics Of Semi-Insulating Gallium Arsenide A Material For High Power Switches, David Clifton Stoudt

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An experimental study of the electrical characteristics of semi-insulating gallium arsenide has been performed. The goal of this research was to aid in the development of an electron-beam controlled high-power semiconductor switch. The electrical characteristics were found to be heavily dependent on the deep level configuration of the material being investigated. Two methods of deep level characterization are discussed and their results are compared to the information given by the material manufacturer. Studies were conducted to determine both the steady-state and transient dark current characteristics of the switch. Along with being a function of the applied voltage and the deep …

Accurate Calibration Of The Four-Detector Photopolarimeter With Imperfect Polarizing Optical Elements, R. M.A. Azzam, Ali G. Lopez

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The first three columns of the instrument matrix A of the four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) are determined by Fourier analysis of the output current vector I(P) as a function of the azimuth angle P of the incident linearly polarized light. Therefore 12 of the 16 elements of A are measured free of the imperfections of the (absent) quarter-wave retarder (QWR). The effect of angular beam deviation by the polarizer is compensated for by taking the average, (1/2) [I(P) + I(P + 180°)], of the FDP output at 180°-apart, optically equivalent, angular positions of the polarizer. The remaining fourth column of A …

Evaluation Of Sorting Algorithm Performance On Single Instruction Multiple Data Machines, Dong Kuen Yang

Theses

Partitioning an application program into several tasks and executing them via parallel processing is one way to increase computation throughput and performance. But with a uniprocessor system, the performance increase will be minimal. Computer scientists have developed several multiprocessor systems to gain more speed in computation.

There are several computer architectures, such as pipeline machines, array processors and multiprocessor systems. They provide a parallel execution environment to increase the execution speed. But as the system becomes more complex, the communication traffic density between several processors increases more heavily. It has to provide some kind of control algorithm or routing function …

Reliability Prediction Of Vulcanized Fibre Using Electrical Noise As A Screening Parameter, George A. Donos

Theses

The main objective of this thesis was to find a correlation between the electrical noise generated within the body of Vulcanized Fibre in insulating service and the time of its breakdown under a synergy of electrical, thermal and mechanical stresses. Failure was defined as a material discontinuity, puncture, under accelerated life test conditions. Radio frequency measurements of the partial discharges occuring in the voids of the material were performed on 1240 samples of vulcanized fibre with 10 mil thickness. The level of electrical noise measured was used to classify the specimens into the three following categories: (a) Low Noise:0-2.8μV (0-9db), …

Manufacturing Workstation Model Using Petri Nets, Reni Alexander

Theses

Petri nets have become a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing asynchronous concurrent systems. In this thesis I apply Petri nets for analyzing and modeling a flexible manufacturing workstation (FMS). A manufacturing workstation is modeled by using Colored- Timed Petri nets, with the consideration of tool handling, raw materials, quality checking and the reuse of reworkable scraps. A simulation program for a simplified Petri net model of manufacturing workstation is described and the production throughput is computed.

Adaptive Transform Coding Of Video With Motion Compensation And Vector Quantization, Jung-Hui Chien

Theses

This thesis proposes an efficient transform coding scheme for the low bit rate video sequence. The redundancy within adjacent video frame is exploited by motion compensated interframe prediction using the efficient independent orthogonal search technique, and the motion compensated frame difference (MCFD) signal is transform coding by 1-D DCT, 1-D HDCT and 2-D DCT, the coefficients are zonal masked, and vector quantizatied adaptively. The encoded MCFD as well as the motion information and variance grouping (side informations) are transmitted to the receiver to reconstruct the frame. The transform MCFD signal is classified into the four groups according to the coefficient …

Robotic Arms With Flexible Links As The Links Approach Rigidity, George A. Downes

Theses

The dynamics of single link flexible robotic arms are modeled using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation and Lagrange's equation. The Bernoulli-Euler beam equation derivation is reviewed and is studied in the limiting case as the flexiblity approaches zero. Using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation, a procedure is developed to calculate the position of the endpoint of a link given the displacement, slope or curvature of any point on the link. Also a procedure is developed to calculate the minimum Young's modulus of elasticity, E, given a specified endpoint displacement tolerance.

A rigid link model based on Lagrange's equation and a flexible link …

Recursive System Identification Using Least Squares Method, Gholamreza Ghorbani Moghadam

Theses

Input and output sampling, in addition to computer simulations, are now an integral part of system identification. In this thesis, the concept of analyzing any time invariant continuous deterministic system will be developed by identifying a linear discrete - time system equivalent to the continuous one. In this method, two computer programs are written in pascal. The first program applies the Recursive Least Squares Method to discrete - time systems in order to estimate the system components. The second program estimates the future output of the system. Four systems have then identified using the programs.

In this process, system identification …

Design And Analysis Of An Intracranial Pressure And Temperature Sensor Telemetry System, Anshumat Parasar

Theses

This thesis presents a signal conditioning and telemetry system for an implantable pressure and temperature transducer. The initial target application is for measuring the epidural intracranial pressure in the range of 25-100 millitorr and temperature over the range 90 — 110° F. The implant, based on custom silicon IC design can be packaged within a volume of 2cm3 and will require surgical procedures for placement and removal. Effort has been made in this thesis to design the transducer, associated signal conditioning and telemetry circuits for useful operation over a wide range of power supply voltage. The implanted device is powered …

Effects Of N>M Clos Networks On Edge Coloring And Matrix Decomposition Algorithms, Ming-Hsing Lin

Theses

Considered in this thesis are n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. This work uses a two-fold approach to examine the effects of n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. First, edge coloring and matching on bipartite multigraphs are applied to routing on Clos networks. It is demonstrated that edge coloring algorithms which find a minimum edge coloring set up the routing for n > m Clos networks with redundancy. The results presented here indicate that the Euler coloring algorithm has applications on n > m Clos networks because it has fast time complexity …

Protocol Processing Delay Analysis On Ethernet By Simulation Of Njit Ethernet, Jagdish Gangrimal Rangwani

Theses

CSMA/CD based Local Area Networks account for about 75% of the installed LAN base today. As these networks are becoming available for high channel bandwidth, it is important to identify the bottlenecks in these networks. As channels are becoming high speed, bottleneck is shifting from channel to protocol processing. This delay depends on a particular implementation of the protocol and not the protocol standard itself.

This Thesis presents the analysis of delay on Ethernet. To achieve realistic results NJIT Ethernet, as it is configured, is modelled and simulated. Traffic on this network is measured and load on each segment is …

Semiconductor Pressure Sensor And Amplifier With Extended Temperature Range, Abhay Mahadeo Joshi

Theses

In this thesis work, a unique raicrosensor was designed for pressure measurements over the temperature range of -80 C to 125 C. The sensor has CMOS circuitry powered by a single voltage supply. It can be used for military and space applications including monitoring the pressure acting on the nose of the space shuttle.

The sensor consists of a thin silicon diaphragm, which is stressed by external pressure. Four resistors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration are diffused into the diaphragm. The temperature drift in the silicon sensors is dominated by the temperature dependence of the piezoresistive coefficients. The resistors are …

A Cad For Edif Pattern Generation, Mohammad Akram Khan

Theses

Generating a set of test vector for a digital circuit is the most critical step in design and test. It is very important to generate test sequence easily and efficiently. The importance is enhanced by the fact that the simulation database is being used to create test programs. A CAD tool ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generator) has been developed to specify and satisfy requirements of designers and test engineers. EDIF (Electronic Design Interchange Format) is followed closely. EDIF targets compatability among foundry services and CAD/CAE systems.

Optimization Of Throughput And Stability For Csma/Cd Channel, Liangshyng Jou

Theses

Multiple access technologies plays an important role in designing distributed computer communication system. Here, CSMA/CD has attracted researchers' attentions in the last ten years. In this paper, based on attributions of the slotted, nonpersistent CSMA/CD system, performance of CSMA/CD channel is analyzed. Adaptive Retransmission Technique is adopted to obtain the maximum throughput. Also, equilibrium contours are derived to discuss the stability of the system. And use FET to measure the stability of CSMA/CD channel that FET gives an approximate measure of the average uptime of an unstable channel.

Analytical Determination Of The Complex Dielectric Function Of An Absorbing Medium From Two Angles Of Incidence Of Minimum Parallel Reflectance, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function (or complex refractive index) of an opaque substrate or a thick film can be determined from two pseudo-Brewster angles measured in two transparent incidence media of different refractive indices. This two-angle method is simple in that it involves no photometric or polarimetric analysis and in that the solution for the optical properties in terms of the measured angles is explicit, analytical, and direct (i.e. noniterative). The two-angle method is demonstrated for an opaque TiN film on a Cleartran ZnS substrate as a specific example. The effect of angle-of-incidence errors on …

Optimal Algorithmic Testing Of Re-Programmable Logic Arrays, Arvind Chopra

Theses

This research delineates a test strategy and detailed sequence of test vectors for a new class of programmable logic devices (PLDs). This new class of devices is based on architectures that contain programmable logic arrays (PLAs) programmed by on chip integrated static RAMs or EEPROMS. The new PLD architecture poses unique testing problems which require 100% nodal test coverage. Previous PLAs/PLDs did not require that 100% of the nodes be tested since their circuits utilized fuse link crosspoints and were not dynamically reprogrammable. Such devices could be tested by a unique personality pattern that combined the application and the test …

Design Of Robotic Lan Controller And Map Interface, Jayesh M. Joshi

Theses

An application specific integrated circuit has been designed for use as a gateway between two local area networks. This silicon chip provides the gateway function to link the NJIT robotics network and the MAP IEEE-standardized network. This IC utilizes the available Motorola MC 68824 Token Bus Controller for the MAP data path. A special IO design compatible with an optical communication link is used to interface into the NJIT RLAN network.

The gateway IC serves as an asynchronous buffer between the 5Mbps MAP link and the 500 bps local optical link. The control protocol provides the master function for polling …

Fault-Tolerant Interconnection Networks For Multiprocessor Systems, Hamed Mohamed Nassar

Dissertations

Interconnection networks represent the backbone of multiprocessor systems. A failure in the network, therefore, could seriously degrade the system performance. For this reason, fault tolerance has been regarded as a major consideration in interconnection network design. This thesis presents two novel techniques to provide fault tolerance capabilities to three major networks: the Baseline network, the Benes network and the Clos network.

First, the Simple Fault Tolerance Technique (SFT) is presented. The SFT technique is in fact the result of merging two widely known interconnection mechanisms: a normal interconnection network and a shared bus. This technique is most suitable for networks …

Analysis On Dielectric Resonators, Xuan Tu

Theses

This dissertation deals with the studies and analysis of Dielectric Resonators (DR). A shielded dielectric iesonator structure, consisting of the substrate, the spacer, the dielectric resonator and the metallic shielding is modelled theoretically. The theoretical expressions for the resonance fields are derived by using radial-mode matching and axial mode-matching techniques. In these techniques, the structure is divided into partial regions and the fields in each pai tial region are represented in terms of a series of the appropriate modes with unknown coefficients. Matching the adjacent regions yields a system of linear or nonlinear equations — which then are solved. The …

Nonlinear Variants Of The Least Mean Square (Lms) Algorithm, John George Van Saders

Theses

Adaptive systems using the LMS algorithm or its variants usually require bilinear correlation multipliers with high dynamic range and large bandwidth. The class of LMS-type algorithms utilizing zero-memory limiters (on one or both correlation multiplier inputs) to reduce dynamic range are examined. The correlator limiters may be included to simplify the hardware implementation or may arise due to limited dynamic range of the loop components. The application of a theorem due to Price provides a technique for simplifying the analysis, which otherwise might be extremely difficult. The analysis provides closed-form expressions for the mean weight convergence behavior, permitting examination of …

Arithmetic Pipeline Analysis Package Ii, Sai K. Vedantam

Theses

This work describes the implementation of arithmetic pipeline scheduling algorithms, to enhance an existing simulation package. The user need only specify the arithmetic equations to be processed and the required stage configuration. The program automatically performs the tasks of forming the reservation table, building the pipeline and specifying the input/output connectivity for each segment and multiplexer in the pipeline. This package integrates two existing simulation tools and enhances many aspects of the previous programs.

The main application area for such a tool is education. Since it is very easy to use and requires little or no time for one to …

Trellis Coded Partial-Response Channels, Kumari Yalamanchili

Theses

Binary partial-response channels with transfer functions (1+D), (1-D) and (1 — D²) are intersymbol-interference channels which find applications in baseband data communications and magnetic recording systems (tapes, discs, compact discs, etc.). In this thesis we develop a coding technique for improving the reliability of digital transmission over noisy partial-response channels with the above transfer functions. We do so by introducing a new concept, called matched encoding, which arises in the context of trellis coding for channels with memory.

We use inner and outer trellis coding of the partial-response channels. The inner codes called matched inner coset codes, are …

Modelling And Parameter Estimation In Clinical Electrooculography, Shengche Hsu

Theses

The Corneoretinal potential (CRP) was discovered in 1848. Its response to changes in light intensity can provide information relevant in the diagnosis of some retinal degenerative disorders. The indirectly measured CRP is referred to as electro-oculography (EOG). A system for automatic data acquisition and modelling, providing graphic presentation, data processing and file management, has been developed. A linear feedback model is proposed to represent the dynamics of the EOG signal. Model parameters are estimated by the nonlinear least-square method. The effect of measurement time on the reliability of parameter estimation is discussed.

Schottky-Barrier Solar Cells, Surface Patterning For Efficient Light Collection, Constantinos Manolis

Theses

Different geometrical surface configurations are considered here for a Au/n-Si semiconductor Schottky-barrier solar cell to improve their light collection efficiency.

Optical and electrical properties are theoretically analyzed for two given optical wavelengths of 0.9 and 0.5 micrometers respectively.

The configurations considered are: V-shaped, Star- shaped, M-shaped, asymmetric-V-shaped, and asymmetric-M-shaped. They all show a significant improvement in the short-circuit current over a flat cell model, while the open-circuit voltage remains practically unchanged.

Algorithms And Analysis Of Dialogue Time Patterns, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar

Theses

The characteristics of a conversation between two people can be determined not only what they say to each other, but also by the rhythm of their dialogue. Their moods, attitudes and attributes may be conveyed in part by time patterns of the speech. The programs described herein can be useful in exploring the relationship between dialogue time patterns and other psychological aspects of human behavior. The measurements of these time patterns can be quickly, inexpensively, and reliably accomplished by the use of a PC.

The programs described herein are capable of calculating the variabilities, the time durations and frequencies of …

Trellis Encoded M-Ary Partial-Response Schemes, Raju P. Patel

Theses

Convolutional codes can be used to improve the reliability of partial-response channels in a Gaussian noise environment. Multilevel partial-response schemes can be used to increase the information rate in a given bandwidth compared to binary partial-response schemes. This thesis deals with the theory and construction of convolutionally encoded 4-ary partial- response schemes. The free Euclidean distance of the combined trellis of rate-1/2 convolutional code and 4-ary partial-response scheme is found through a computer search, using the Viterbi-algorithm.

The matched encoding concept is also applied to find the conditions for matched encoding for combined trellis of rate-1/2 convolutional codes and 4-ary …

Electrical Insulation Screening For Reliability, Vinu Sundaresan

Theses

This thesis work includes an investigation on the use of electrical noise for the screening of dielectric sheet material for reliability. Three different high voltage insulation sheet materials, commonly used in power industry, have been studied. These are - Westinghouse Polyester resin coated glass cloth, Dupont ‘NOMEX' aramid calendared paper and a cotton rag commonly known as Fishpaper. Samples of each material have been categorized into low noise and high noise units. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to accelerated life testing.

It is seen that units having high noise are failing quicker compared to low noise units when subjected to …

Image Coding With Quantization Noise Feedback, Jen-Chieh Wang

Theses

A progressive image transmission based on Laplacian pyramid structure is used for the scheme of quantization noise feedback. Because a reduction in transmission rate inevitably increases the quantization noise and degrades the image quality, the designer of the quantizer laces the dilemma of balancing the transmission rate and the quantization noise. Using the algorithm of noise feedback will reduce the quantization error without appreciably increasing transmission rate. Uniform quantization and nonuniform quantization rate used to compare the result with or without noise feedback. In the transmitter end, the original image can be reduced by a certain procedure to form a …