Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

A Dynamic Cmos Programmable Logic Device, Praveen K. Parvathala

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a Dynamic CMOS Programmable Logic Device chip (NJIT PLD). The main feature of the chip is its reconfigurability and the provision of a processor interface which makes the chip capable of performing coprocessor like functions. The chip has been designed to be used with the Intel 8088 microprocessor, but may also find stand-alone applications. Provision is made for dynamic reconfiguration of the chip. The configuration data for the chip comes from a serial PROM, to which the chip sends a synchronizing clock. The NJIT PLD is a high performance, digital integrated circuit. It has …

Nonlinear, Metal-Clad Optical Waveguide, Bhavesh Patel

Theses

Planar optical waveguides consisting of different types of films including nonlinear films with metal cladding have been studied theoretically. Ideal metal cladding with σ = ∞ and nonideal metal cladding with σ ≠ ∞, that is, with complex refractive index is considered to get electric field and wave number for TE₀ mode. For nonlinear material, approximate solution is derived in a series form using Rayleigh-Schrodinger method. The appropriate eigenvalue equations are solved by Newton-Raphson iteration method. For self-focusing media in the center, the propagation constant increases with increasing power and with self-focusing media in the cladding the propagation constant …

Efficient Design Of Trellis Coded Cpfsk, Hsinhsyong Yang

Theses

In this thesis convolutional coded continuous-phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) is studied.

CPFSK which is a subclass of continuous phase modulation ( CPM ) is a constant amplitude digital modulation scheme with very good spectral characteristics.

A new method, called matched encoding, that combines convolutional codes and CPFSK is studied. With the maximum free Euclidean distance as the optimization criterion, the best combined coded schemes were found for the same rate of the codes and given total number of states in the optimum decoder.

A different method which was suggested by Rimoldi[7], called the decomposition method, is also described in …

Methods Of Achieving High Speed On Data Flow Machines, Chung-Lin Yu

Theses

Simultaneity is a key to high speed and large computation. Assuming hardware components of a given speed, it is the only remaining consideration in achieving raw speed. Simultaneity can be shackled by dependencies, however, and years of hardware and software work have been devoted to understanding the types of dependencies and how they can be obeyed or removed from a computation.

In this thesis, the principles of the data flow machines and the structure of the data flow languages are illustrated. Various methods of achieving high speed are discussed. These methods include streams, Lenient Cons (I-structure), and dependence-driven computation, which …

Integrated Voice/Data Services On Multihop Radio Networks, Chialun Lu

Theses

Integrated voice/data is the first step toward Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN). Various techniques have been proposed and analyzed for multiplexing voice and data over a large bandwidth channel. Network efficiency is what we are most concerned about. In this paper, we address the problem of determining optimal access policies for a tandem ISDN network by using Dynamic Programming. Computer simulation shows that optimal policy minimizes the data delay.

Statistical Multiplexing Of Video Sources For Packet Switching Networks, Krishna Kancherla

Theses

Communication networks are fast evolving towards truly integrated networks handling all types of traffic. They employ integrated switching technologies for voice. video and data. Statistical or asynchronous time division multiplexing of full motion video sources is an initial step towards packetized video networks. The main goal is to utilize the common communication channel efficiently, without loosing quality at the receiver. This work discusses the concept of using statistical multiplexing for packet video communications. The topology of a single internal packet network to support ISDN services has been adopted. Simulations have been carried out to demonstrate the statistical smoothing effect of …

Rays And Beams Near The Shadow Boundary, Weixing Gao

Theses

Asymptotic techniques in wave propagation problems exhibit attractive features in computational aspects compared to numerical methods. However, they experience problems in complicated environments due to the transition regions associated with them. The transition region involving a shadow boundary in the downward refractive index profile has been investigated. The ray paths were determined solving the ray equation analytically. The Green's function due to a line source is constructed and evaluated using numerical integration (reference solution) and asymptotic techniques. Then, the field produced by the source, is synthesized, using superposition of beams generated from complex source point representation. The floating parameters such …

A Wideband Continuous Phase Shifter For Ka-Band, William J. Tanis

Theses

The design, fabrication and test of a 45 degree microstrip phase shifter capable of full Ka-band performance is presented. The design uses a Lange coupler with two ports terminated with beam-lead varactor diodes to provide continuous phase shift. Although this concept has been employed at X-band and below, this thesis demonstrates its feasibility for wideband use at frequencies as high as 40 GHz. The design uses thin-film capacitors, beam-lead diodes, simulated grounds, and air bridges to achieve a planar geometry and to simplify the production process. Detailed test results using various test circuits are shown for comparison to actual phase …

Design Of A Lan Based Data Acquisition System For Sensor Applications, Krishna Murthy Uppunda

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a local area network (LAN) based data acquisition system for sensor applications. The circuit designed forms the robotic LAN (RLAN) interface between the sensor IC nodes and the ARCNET network. The RLAN network uses two packet protocols. The sensor data request (SDR) packet is received by the sensor IC nodes and the sensor transmits the sensor data (SD) packet. The RLAN interface provides a two way communication between the sensors and the ARCNET network. Whenever an ARCNET node receives the SDR packet, it stores the packet temporarily in a 1k RAM buffer. The RLAN …

X.25 Interface Packet Level Simulation, Arvind Tewari

Theses

An X.25 interface was simulated at the packet level and data packets successfully transmitted from the Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (a process) to the Data Terminal Equipment (another process). This was executed interactively. Two independent processesg were generated on the AT&T 3B15 computer and inter-process communication (IPC) used to transfer the data. The X.25 interface is based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model of the International Standards Organization.

A Microcomputer Based Non-Invasive Cardiopulmonary Monitor Using A Microwave Interferometer, Tanmoy K. Basu

Theses

With a microwave interferometer the vibrational velocity of the anterior (front), as well as posterior (back) chest wall can be monitored and recorded. The recorded signals are a reflection of the mechanical cardiac activity within the chest cavity, as opposed to Electrocardiogram (ECG) which is a reflection of the electrical cardiac activity. The interferometer recordings are obtained with no physical contact between the instrument and the subject. Moreover, the subject can be fully clothed since microwave energy readily passes through normal dry clothing.

A microwave interferometer that is capable of detecting the vibrational velocity of the surfaces of the chest …

Design Of A Temperature Sensor For Gallium Arsenide Ic Applications, Raviprakash Raviprakash Gutala

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a temperature sensor circuit including sensor, differential amplifier, and a memory element for gallium arsenide IC standard cell applications. A standard 1-um depletion-mode GaAs MESFET technology has been used for the design of the circuit. The circuit is intended to be used as a standard cell in GaAs les providing an alarm when the sensor temperature reaches 125 °C. The circuit includes a NAND latch which is set when the chip cell temperature reaches 125 °C. The output of the latch can be sensed by additional circuits (on or off the GaAs chip) which …

Microprocessor-Based Processing Unit Implemented By Xilinx Programmable Logic Array, Lee Chuan Hu

Theses

The 8052 microprocessor-based processing unit is a super single board computer with many unusual features: memory page selecting with page indicators, on-board EPROM/PROM programmer, real time clock, battery back-up RAM, and memory mapped I/O. It is implemented by using Xilinx programmable logic array and can be used for various instruments. Xilinx user-programmable Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is a large logic array with up to 9000 equivalent gates. The advantages of programmable logic devices over standard ICs are more flexibility, design security, lower cost, higher performance, reduced power consumption, smaller size, and increased reliability. The system development time is also greatly …

Reliability Problems And Failure Mechanisms In Ic Packaging, Dilip J. Patel

Theses

Today, reliability is acknowledged as an important item in design and operation of electronics circuits and system.

This thesis provides information on evaluation of the reliability for hermetic and non hermetic IC packages made by different manufacturers.

Literature study concentrates on the reliability and related problems in IC packages developed between 1970 and 1988.

Several failure mechanisms and failure modes are discussed to point out how higher reliability in IC packages may be achieved.

The bibliography is given in a chronological order to help further research in this area.

Generation Of Atomic Nitrogen By Gas Discharge In Microwave Cavity, Jong-Shun Shieh

Theses

A microwave discharge system for producing atomic nitrogen at low flow rate and low pressure has been investigated. The molecular nitrogen passes through a microwave cavity in a quartz tube and is dissociated by the microwave energy. Subsequent recombination of nitrogen atoms produces a characteristic yellow glow due to the relaxation of excited molecular nitrogen to its ground state. The titration of nitric oxide with atomic nitrogen was used to measure the atomic nitrogen yield. At a 2 sccm nitrogen flow rate the atomic nitrogen yield was 8.75*10¹⁵ atom/sec, which corresponds to a nitrogen generation efficiency of about 1%. …

A Cmos Digital Temperature Sensor For Asic Vlsi Standard Cell Design, Chih-Ta Sung

Theses

This thesis describes the design of a CMOS digital temperature sensor cell including the physical layout database.This cell is designed for implementation within an ASIC VLSI chip as a standard cell . The digital temperature sensor can trigger an alarm signal and turn off power for preventing fatal damage in the VLSI chip if overheating occurs.A digital output also permits measurement of temperature over the 0 - 120°C range with ±3.4°C accuracy using standard VLSI foundry processing. Two sensing elements are implemented in a differential mode within the temperature sensor cell. An operational amplifier is used in the successive approximation …

A Methodology For Designing Spacecraft Onboard Processing Systems, Mohammad Nadeem Ahmad

Theses

A three layer methodology is presented for designing spacecraft onboard computer systems. The system design is perceived as a sequence of three hierarchical layers: the Dedicated Processing Layer, the Application and Support Processing Layer, and the Communications Processing Layer. Each layer implements a distinct set of functions and offers services at different levels of abstraction. As opposed to the ISO/OSI Reference Model, where the prime objective is to implement peripheral interaction between two systems, the layered approach used here is to address the problems in system design itself. The problem is approached in a bottom-up fashion, starting with the description …

Progressive Transmission Of Images Using Pyramidal Structure, Chin-Hua Hsu

Theses

A progressive image transmission scheme based upon Laplacian pyramid structure is used for image coding over low-bandwidth channels. The filtering and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) methods of image coding are generalized to allow quantization of the Laplacian images. Filtering is performed with a local, symmetric weighting function. The three different quantizers, (1) scalar quantizer, (2) memoryless vector quantizer (VQ), and (3) finite state vector quantizer (FSVQ), are used here to compare the results. In the receiver end, the image can be reconstructed using reverse procedure. The reconstructed image is not the same as the original image because of the …

Use Of The Lms Algorithm In Ecg Analysis, Xiaohua Yang

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop an IBM PC-AT based system to effectively process electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Adaptive filter theory is used to implement a noise cancellation system (adaptive noise canceller), which adaptively cancels the ECG signals resulting in real ECG noise. The adaptive process is based on the well known least-mean square (LMS) algorithm.

The noise canceling system is software based. Several programs have been written, which include analog to digital converter control, data acquisition and storage, data retrieval, adaptive filtering and digitized data graphics.

The thesis presents numerous computer experiments. The performance of the adaptive noise …

Charge Transfer Inefficiency Of Buried-Channel Charged Coupled Device Registers For Low Temperature Operation Of Ptsi Infrared Image Sensors, Benjamin Benjamin Esposito

Theses

Buried channel charge coupled devices used as readout registers in PtSi Schottky-barrier detector infrared image sensors were investigated to characterize factors that influence charge transfer efficiency at low temperatures ranging from 38 to 80K. These factors included frequency of operation, background signal, gate voltage, signal level, gate length, and temperature. It was found that increased gate voltage and decreased gate length are most effective in reducing charge transfer efficiency. This was attributed to increased fringing fields between the potential wells involved in charge transfer. As temperature was decreased from 50K to 38K progressively larger trapping losses were observed due to …

Netexpert, An Expert System For Computer Network Management, Sailen Patel

Theses

Data Communications systems consist of distributed software and hardware components executing concurrently a number of communications functions. The logical framework for these functions is called data communication architecture and is layered hierarchically according to the OSI model. The protocol defines the syntax and semantics of the communications between entities of the same layer. NETEXPERT: An Expert system described here contains a set of formal specifications corresponding to different abstractions level of the protocol. On the highest level there is a specification of the service provided by this protocol. On the consecutive lower levels there are successive refinements of this specification …

The Path Method In Power System State Estimation, Fareed A. R. Shirazi

Theses

A new method for Power System State Estimation (PSSE), the 'Path Method', is developed and studied. In this method the state (voltage magnitude and angle) of one node is calculated at a time, using only the local measurements. This procedure is repeated to calculate the state of all nodes in the system, following a predefined path to determine the next node whose state is to be calculated. In the process, more measurements are used whenever available and possible. Results obtained for this method are comparable and close to those of the Line-Flow Only (LFO) method. An advantage of the Path …

Lf Pulse Magnetic Field Generation And Uniformity Studies, Shun-Wen Tan

Theses

This thesis dealt with the design and construction of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) generation circuit. The spatial variations of the generated PMF are also studied The generated PMF is intended to be used for two purposes (a) in hospitals, for its healing effect of broken bones, and (b) to study the effects of PMF on industrial bacteria and their activity in transforming toxic waste to benign waste

A square coil made of two sections is constructed and the associated circuitry for the PMF generation is designed and built The circuitry is divided into two parts. the control circuit and …

An Application Of Bit Level Systolic Arrays On Digitized Adaptive Array Processes, Shin-Hwa Tsai

Theses

This thesis has concentrated on some aspects of adaptive arrays, i.e., the data type as well as the calculating processes under an optimized version. An adaption of a modified bit-level array is described on the control structure for processes like correlation matrix, Q-R decomposition and solution of triangular linear systems. In short, an implementation of SMI(Sample Matrix Inversion) under a parallel systolic array process is consider5ed. Also an application of utilizing systolic array on a matrix inversion is derived. As a result, it could be predicted that a VLSI chip implementation for small adaptive arrays is feasible in the near …

Microcomputer Control Of An Ac Induction Motor Using A Pwm Computational Intensive Method, Luther William Schnug

Theses

A three-phase microcomputer based AC Inverter has been developed using a computational intensive PWM algorithm that generates the output bridge switching patterns in real time. This approach utilizes the on-board capabilities of an advanced microcontroller, (a 16-bit 8097 from Intel), to eliminate most of the external hardware, and demands on memory size, required in other designs. This algorithm implements in software the Triangular Modulation Method of PWM generation, and utilizes a trapezoidal approximation to the sinusoidal reference waveform. Brassboard tests have shown that this approximation produces 5th and 7th harmonics that degraded performance, at low speeds. An enhanced algorithm, utilizing …

Learning System, Bhavesh T. Adani

Theses

Many rule-based learning systems have been implemented which generate and update rules/facts from illustrative examples provided by the user. But very few of them have succeeded in achieving the efficiency and accuracy of an ideal system.

The approach made here is to continuously update the hierarchical structure of rules/facts of a knowledge-base so that efficient and accurate solutions to any query can be achieved easily and immediately from the many possible solutions to the query. As the rule-based systems deal with a very large knowledge-base, it is sometimes necessary to apply a learning technique that finds optimum solutions efficiently.

The …

Analysis And Design Of A Surface Microengineered Silicon Humidity Sensor, Uei-Yanq Chen

Theses

This thesis details the design for a solid-state humidity sensor which utilizes state-of-the-art silicon technology. The sensor design utilizes a microengineered surface which includes a polysilicon airbridge structure as heater and sensor element in an integrated device.The operation of this device depends upon the small variation of thermal convection coefficient which effects the temperature of the heated element within the device. The temperature of the polysilicon bridge is monitored by means of a resistance bridge. In one design(sensor I) a single polysilicon airbridge is used for both the heater and resistance sensing element. Also a second inferior design (sensor II) …

Optimal Cache Size In Microprocessor-Based Multiprogramming System, Charalambos Stephanou Christou

Theses

The Motorola 68020 microprocessor, its paged memory management unit MC68851 and cache memories are rigorously studied. The simulation model of this uniprocessor, multiprogramming system was constructed and tested to determine the optimal physical cache size.

The parameters varied in the model are the cache size, the degree of multitasking, the loop count and size, the cache algorithm and the time slice given to every task. A number of simulations have been conducted and the results are examined.

Arithmetic Pipline Scheduler, Chun-Ta Pan

Theses

A schedule is used to determine which stages of an arithmetic pipeline are active at any particular time. It can determine when another process can be introduced into the pipeline so no more than one set of data will use the same stage at the same time. The Arithmetic Pipeline Scheduler (APS) is a software tool used to analyze schedules for different operations and determine greedy schemes for introducing data into the pipeline. The user can use APS to process up to ten arithmetic equations. The user also can use APS to define different configurations of stages. Besides, APS can …

Kalman Filtering Applied To The Analysis Of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials, Chong An Qian

Theses

The objective of this thesis is to detect the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) using lower numbers of averages than at present, by using an optimal smoothing method which is based on the Kalman Filter.

By using this method, the wave V latency of the BAER which is useful in testing for hearing loss can be detected with as low as 500 averages, while the traditional signal averaging method requires at least 2000 averages. Thus the time required for a hearing loss test can be reduced from one hour to approximately 20 minutes.

Also several other methods for detecting BAER …