Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Landmark-Based Shape Recognition By A Modified Hopfield Neural Network, Kuowei Li

Theses

In this thesis, we introduce a new thethod to achieve partial shape recognition by means of a modified Hopfield neural network. To recognize partially visible object, we represent each object by a set of "landmarks." The landmarks of an object are points of interest relative to the object that have important shape attributes. Given a scene consisting of partially occluded objects, a model object in the scene is hypothesized by matching the landmarks of the model with those in the scene. A measure of similarity between two landmarks, one from a model and the other from the scene, is needed …

A Quantization Noise Feedback Technique In Pyramid Image Coding, Zhili Lin

Theses

In communication, we frequently encounter the problem about the trans-mission rate and quantization noise. That is, small quantization noise or high fidelity definitely increases transmission rate, or large quantization noise or low fidelity might require low transmission rate. In our research, we developed a quantization noise feedback technique, with which quantization noise can be reduced greatly at a given transmission rate. We applied this technique in pyramid image coding environment. An error analysis in frequency domain was carried out. Error estimation for pyramid image coding with and without quantization noise feedback was made. Finally, plenty of computer simulation confirms our …

Landmark-Based Partial Shape Recognition By A Two-Stage Bam Neural Network, Xianjun Liu

Theses

In this thesis, we develop a Bitfirectional Associative Memory (BAM) based neural network to achieve partial shape recognition. To recognize objects which are partially occluded, we represent each object by a set of landmarks. The landmarks of an object are points of interest relative to the object that have important shape attributes. To achieve recognition, feature values (landmark values) of each model object are trained and stored in the network. Each memory cell is trained to store landmark values of a model object for all possible positions. Given a scene which may consist of several objects, landmarks in the scene …

Decomposing Non-Product Form Queuing Lattices Through Simulated Annealing, Jr-Chin Lin

Theses

A random, heuristic search called Simulated Annealing is adapted to decompose the state transition lattice of Non-Product Form Queuing Models. Simulated Annealing Algorithm has been successfully applied to a number of optimization problem such as The Traveling Salesman Problem, Graph Partionning, Physical Computer Design, VLSI Chip Design, Image Processing,... etc. It has the advantage over other gradient descent techniques to solve the combinatorial problems. The solution can escape from local minimum by adding Boltzmann Distribution Factor to the algorithm. Most lattice of non-product form queuing models can be decomposed into Solvable Subsets through this algorithm, and solvable subset is the …

Design Of A Cmos Temperature Sensor With Eeprom Error Correction Scheme, Jin-Ku Kang

Theses

This thesis describes the design and operation of a CMOS temperature sensor operating at very low power with an EEPROM error correction scheme including the physical layout. This device is designed for applications requiring very low power including biomedical and optically powered device applications. The sensor output is an analog voltage. The temperature sensing cell is implemented with two BJTs having different emitter areas. An op amp dissipating about 300 micro-watts power is designed and is used to amplify the sensor output voltage with a gain of 85dB. A novel EEPROM is used to correct nonlinearity error of the temperature …

Max/Min : A Novel Rank Order Based Filter Family, Raafat E. Kamel

Theses

In the early development of signal and image processing, linear filters were the primary tools. Their mathematical simplicity made them easy to design and implement. They also offered satisfactory performance in many applications. However, they show poor performance in other cases, such as image processing.

Nonlinear filtering offered a solution to these problems. Nonlinear filtering has undergone a lot development for a long time. Among the first known nonlinear filters was the median filter, which was proposed by Tukey. Median filter preserves signal or image details better compared to a linear filter. Later other nonlinear filters were developed, including median …

Design And Simulation Of Submicron Microelectronic Vacuum Triodes, Hou-Jun Wang

Theses

This thesis presents the first design and detailed Simulation of submicron vacuum microelectronic triodes static characteristics. In this thesis a new 5-electrode active device is emphasized.

These devices have potentially important advantages over semiconductor devices. They can be used in extreme environments. The picosecond transit time for internal electron ballistics provide optimism for very fast devices applications. It appears reasonable to fabricate these devices using standard VLSI processing equipment. Further, the micron dimension makes " vacuum microelectronic chips" a reasonable goal.

Devices are characterized for static parameters including electron trajectories, electric field contours, and voltage potential contours. The field emission …

Comparative Analysis Of Single And Double Dwell Acquisition Schemes, Gurinder Singh Ahluwalia

Theses

Single and double dwell pseudonoise (PN) acquisition systems are described, explained and analyzed. These systems are designed to synchronize a locally generated PN signal with a received PN signal of unknown phase in the presence of noise. The mean, variance and an approximate probability distribution function (PDF) of the acquisition time for the single and double dwell PN acquisition schemes is developed. Intuitively, the double dwell acquisition system should be superior to the single dwell system because of the ability to quickly dismiss incorrect cells and further verify probable hits. It is shown analytically that this is in fact true …

Design Of A Microengineered Pressure Sensor, Ranjeet Alexis

Theses

A new family of microengineered vacuum ionization gauges of an approximate volume of 200µ³ has been designed. These devices can he fabricated using existing semiconductor processing capabilities. The focus of this thesis is to scale down the current state-of-the-art for ionization sensors to micron dimensions. These gauges can be manufactured economically and potentially will be integrated with more complex structures and circuitry. In these devices an active ionization volume of micron dimensions is used for launching ions in a trajectory towards a collection electrode. Ionization of gas species is accomplished by an electron flux of sufficient energy. Analysis of …

Point Pattern Matching By A Genetic Algroithm, Minghwang Chen

Theses

The problem we consider is to find a subset of points in a pattern that best match to a subset of points in another pattern through a transformation in a least squares sense. Exhaustive search to find the best assignment mapping one set of points to another set is, if the number of points that are to be matched is large, computationally expensive. We develop a genetic algorithm which searches for the best ("almost the best") assignment efficiently. To map the point pattern matching into the framework of a genetic algorithm, we use a fitness function which inversely proportional to …

Decomposing Non-Product Form Queuing Lattices Through Genetic Algorithm, Wei Han

Theses

In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm technique is adapted to decompose the state transition lattice of a class of non-product form queueing models. Genetic Algorithms are search algorithms based upon the mechanics of natural genetics. They combine a survival-of-the-fittest among string structures with a structured, yet randomized, information exchange to form a search algorithm with some of the innovative flair of human search. While randomized, genetic algorithms are no simple random walk. They efficiently exploit historical information to speculate on new search points with improved performance. Here genetic algorithms is applied to a non-product queueing lattices optimization problem. Only the …

Performance Evaluation Of Consumer Electronic Bus, Sairaj R. Pakkam

Theses

This thesis describes the performance evaluation of the Consumer Electronic Bus proposed by the Electronic Industries Association. To study the behaviour of CEBUS under different traffic conditions, a simulation program was developed modelling the layer architecture of CEBUS. The CEBUS is based on the ISO/OSI model of layered architecture. The simulation results have shown that, when the throughput of the network is small, the delay is bounded for all messages of all priorities. As the throughput of the network increases, under the presence of more high priority messages, the lower priority messages get queued at their nodes. It is also …

Conditional Artificial Dielectric Waveguide, Hsien-Wen Ho

Theses

A thin layer of semiconductor ( the guest material ) is sandwiched between two polymeric films ( the host material ) to form an artificial dielectric waveguide. An artificial dielectric is a composite material consisting of a dielectric with a large number of conducting particles arranged in a three-dimensional pattern. The particle dimensions are smaller than the optical wavelength of interest. A beam of light with a photon energy above the band-gap of the semiconductor ( pump light ) induces electric and magnetic dipoles which affect the propagation of light with a photon energy below the band-gap ( probe light …

Hardware Algorithms For Computing Transcendental Functions, Xin-Pei Gong

Theses

The COordinate Rotation Digital Computer(CORDIC) is a special-purpose digital computer for real-time airborne computation. In this computer, a unique computing technique is employed which is especially suitable for solving the trigonometric relationships. A new computing technique based on the CORDIC algorithm is developed to reduce the number of iterations by one half for each input angle. This improvement is accomplished. by scanning multiple bits of the input angle(in our case, two) at a time. The CORDIC equations are rewritten accordingly and a hardware implementation structure is also presented. The results of the software simulation of the new algorithm are as …

Damage Effects To Si-Sio2 Structures Due To Reactive Ion Etching, Moshe D. Bunyan

Theses

This thesis presents the damage effects to the Si ? SiO₂ structures due to Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). The research was carried out on Si ? SiO₂ MOS capacitors which were fabricated using RIE and wet etch (Hydrofluoric acid etch (HFE)) Process. The experiment was carried out using CV technique and Ellipsometry. Various electrical parameters were measured from CV *curves of these MOS capacitors. It was observed that the CV curve obtained for the RIE etched sample showed considerable deviation from that of the control sample. This indicates the presence of excess of interface trap charge density which …

Improving Solids Conveying In Plasticating Extruders : An Investigation Into Manufacturing Processes And Manufacturing Systems For Profiled Thermoplastic Pellets, Oommen Cherian

Theses

The objective of the thesis is the manufacture of thermoplastic bilobal and trilobal profiled pellets for the determination of the interparticulate co-efficient of friction exhibited by solid beds of such pellets. The enhancement of the interparticulate coefficient of friction is expected to lead to ameliorated solids conveying rates in plasticating extruders.

Predicting the product shape from a profile die is very difficult due to the elastic memory of plastics and the complex boundary conditions. Consequently the cost involved in experimenting with different profile dies is high. Therefore a standard die with several die inserts of varying cross-sections were used to …

Small Disturbance Stability As Affected By Excitation Controls, Alfredo Flores

Theses

The effect of excitation control systems on the power system's small disturbance stability limits has been investigated in this thesis. Three excitation control schemes namely the proportional, fast?acting and the modified fast?acting have been studied.

The stability results were predicted directly in terms of the AVR gain controlling parameters following one?dimensional and two?dimensional frequency domain separation technique. The necessary algorithms and computer simulation programs have been developed.

In case of a modified fast?acting excitation control with three unknown variables, a procedure has been proposed to obtain the stability results by extending the two?dimensional frequency domain separation technique.

Effect Of Moisture On Microcircuit Failure, Chandrabala D. Patel

Theses

Stability and reliability of microcircuit is dependent on its design, fabrication, testing, storage and use.

In this thesis emphasis is given on various failure mechanisms of Integrated Circuits in humid environment and techniques of improving reliability. Other factors which affect the failure of integrated circuits are also discussed. Moisture induced failure modes, semi-reversible failures and irreversible failures (surface leakage current and corrosion-causing interruption of interconnection lines) are also reviewed.

Controlling the contaminants and moisture related corrosion are also covered. The quickest way to evaluate the reliability of microcircuit is by accelerated aging test and by selection of meaningful criteria of …

Interconnection Of X.25 Networks, Syed Ayaz Qutubuddin Ahmed

Theses

The purpose of this work was to investigate the performance of two interconnected X.25 networks via CCITT internet protocol X.75. Since internet protocol X.75 follow the same flow approach as X.25, we are allowed to model the acknowledgement queue in such a way that this queue provides a feed back path from destination to the source queue. Thus we are able to model our interconnected network as a closed queueing network with limited number of packets in transit within the network. Mean Value Analysis with Blocking (MVA) algorithm was applied to obtain the performance characteristics as the resources available were …

An Implementation Of Mht Algorithm For Adaptive Transform Coding Of Speech, Peter Battenschlag

Theses

The Modified Hermite Transform (MHT), a suboptimum block transform scheme, is implemented on a TMS320C25 signal processing system with the objective of reducing the redundancy in speech signals and transmit a quantized vector representation at bitrates as less as 0.5 bits per sample.

The generation of the Hermite polynomials with a binomial and several first order IIR filter structures is presented focusing on the fact that no muliplications are required which simplifies the MHT algorithm considerably.

An assembler program performs forward and inverse transformation together with a vector quantization using adaptive bitallocation based on short-time statistics for the transform coefficients. …

Multichannel Input Moniter, Geng Lin Chen

Theses

In order to communicate ,with each other, people must use the same kind of language. MIDI, the Musical Instrument Digital Interface, was established as a hardware and software specification which makes the communication between musical instruments become possible.

What this thesis does is interfacing a musical instrument with other devices using MIDI protocol. The hardware is a multichannel priority interrupt system which has already been done and was included in the discussion of this thesis. The focus of this thesis is concentrated on the software development of multichannel input monitor.

Configuring Maps For A Satellite Communication Network By Self- Organization, Yizhong Chen

Theses

There are several management tasks in a telecommunication network. Among which traffic management is one of the most important and difficult tasks. It is concerned with maximizing network efficiency when the network is under stress either due to overload or failure. New attempts to automate this task such as expert system based approach are yet to be perfected. In this thesis, we advocate a new concept of traffic management. Our scheme consists of two levels. At the first level, we introduce a Self-organization model to dynamically configure a map for a satellite communication network. The second level is a routing …

A Micro-Based Machine Vision System, Hsueh-Chung Michael Feng

Theses

In this thesis, a low-cost general purpose machine vision system based on a personal computer of the PC-XT/AT family and an electronic camera controller based upon a Motorola 6811C11 single-chip microcontroller has been designed and implemented. This work is focused on image formation. The system supports a long distance camera-computer configuration. A picture editor, generic image manipulation software was designed and implemented. A single computer can supervise multiple cameras.

Analysis Of The Effects Of Biofeedback On Cardiovascular And Neuromuscular System, Andreas T. Gikas

Theses

Time series signal processing techniques (Fourier based) were applied to study the effects of biofeedback on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular system.

A medical instrumentattion system was developed to monitor ECG, EEG and EMG biopotential signals and temperature.

Data from two experiments were first analyzed. These data were from two normal male subjects who engaged in relaxation techniques (Transcendental Meditation & Imagery). If we assumed that for both subjects relaxation produced a decrease of the sympathetic activity then that resulted in a decrease of the heart rate (ECG) and an increase in skin temperature. Spectral analysis of the EEG signal showed …

Reliability Of Titanium Dioxide Capacitors, Md. Badrul Hasan

Theses

In recent years many different materials have been investigated as potential thin-film capacitor dielectrics. Silicon monoxide (SiO) and tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) are the two dielectric materials that are being used by most companies.

This thesis provides some theory and experiments to evaluate the reliability of TiO₂ as a material which would yield a dielectric constant much higher than Ta₂O₅. It has also been shown that titanium dioxide is economically and technically capable of miniaturization demanded by the latest electronic systems.

Included here are the sections covering evaporant materials and their purities, …

An Artificial Neural Network For Redundant Robot Inverse Kinematics Computation, Wibawa Utama

Theses

A redundant manipulator can be defined as a manipulator that has more degrees of freedom than necessary to determine the position and orientation of the end effector. Such a manipulator has dexterity, flexibility, and the ability to maneuver in presence of obstacles. One important and necessary step in utilizing a redundant robot is to relate the joint coordinates of the manipulator with the position and orientation of the end-effector. This specification is termed as the direct kinematics problem and can be written as x = f(q)
where x is a vector representing the position and orientation of the end-effector, q …

Design And Analysis Of Movable Boundary Allocation Protocol, Karun Sekhri

Theses

The increasing digital communications traffic will require very high speed networks. The use of high communication speed increases the ratio between end to end propagation delay and the packet transmission time. This increase causes rapid performance deterioration and restricts the utilization of the high system bandwidth in broadcast channel based systems. Using several parallel channels in place of a single channel improves this ratio. For a given system bandwidth the total system capacity is increased by bandwidth division and parallel communication. FTDMA protocols have been suggested for the parallel channel network and these protocols are suitable for different loads. In …

Control Of Stress In Silicon Nitride Thin Films, Ajay Krishnan

Theses

Silicon nitride thin films of varying composition and thickness were deposited on silicon substrates by reactive rf diode sputtering of a silicon target using an argon/nitrogen gas mixture. Film stoichiometry could be controlled by varying the partial pressure of nitrogen, the total sputtering gas pressure and the target rf power. Films with refractive index of 2.01, the value for stoichiometric silicon nitride, could be obtained. Film stress was measured by wafer curvature; refractive index and thickness of deposited films were obtained by ellipsometry and interferometry measurements. The etch rate in buffered HF for films with refractive index 2.05 was 29A/min; …

Multiprocessor System Design Tutor : Expert System Approach, Rakesh Kamdar

Theses

To increase computational bandwidth and system resilience, integration of several microprocessors in a single system becomes necessary. The overall throughput and efficiency of such a system is directly dependent on the hardware and software interconnection supported by the basic microprocessor chip. Sometimes it becomes difficult to put together all the information for design criteria and all the design related formulas.

The approach made here is to continuously update the hardware and software information in the database related to a given microprocessor. This information can be accessed at any time for efficient design solution. Intel 80386 and Motorola 68020 microprocessors are …

A Study Of The Effects Of Weighting Matrices In Power System State Estimation, Yanshi Wang

Theses

The effects of weighting matrices that may be used in the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method when applied to the problem of Power System State Estimation (PSSE) are studied. These weighting matrices include the one usually used in the literature and the one used in the utility PSSE programs

The performances of these weighting matrices are compared using the Monte Carlo simulation technique.

To test the performances of the weighting matrices, a PSSE program is developed, different performance indices for state comparison are defined, and many cases are studied.

Results show that the weighting matrix usually used in literature, 1/σ², …