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Theses/Dissertations

2021

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Full-Text Articles in Biomedical

Statistical Machine Learning For Breast Cancer Detection With Terahertz Imaging, Tanny Andrea Chavez Esparza May 2021

Statistical Machine Learning For Breast Cancer Detection With Terahertz Imaging, Tanny Andrea Chavez Esparza

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a common breast cancer treatment option, in which the cancerous tissue is excised while leaving most of the healthy breast tissue intact. The lack of in-situ margin evaluation unfortunately results in a re-excision rate of 20-30% for this type of procedure. This study aims to design statistical and machine learning segmentation algorithms for the detection of breast cancer in BCS by using terahertz (THz) imaging. Given the material characterization properties of the non-ionizing radiation in the THz range, we intend to employ the responses from the THz system to identify healthy and cancerous breast tissue …


Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis For Mandibular Fracture Fixation, Ethan Snyder May 2021

Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis For Mandibular Fracture Fixation, Ethan Snyder

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This thesis proposes an approach for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of mandibular fracture fixation. Using a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan of mandible obtained from a specific person, the material characteristics, density and modulus of elasticity, were determined from a set of discrete points within the mandible that are 1mm spaced based on the Hounsfield Units of these points. The mandible geometry was sectioned to simulate a fracture. Muscle and mastication forces were added to replicate post-surgery loading. Using a standard linear miniplate, this material model was compared with two commonly used mandibular cortical shell bone models: isotropic and orthotropic. A …


Role Of Ahr Ligands In Immune Modulation To Suppress Inflammation Through The Regulation Of Microrna And Gut Microbiome, Osama Azeldeen Abdulla Apr 2021

Role Of Ahr Ligands In Immune Modulation To Suppress Inflammation Through The Regulation Of Microrna And Gut Microbiome, Osama Azeldeen Abdulla

Theses and Dissertations

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and an environmental sensor that is highly conserved evolutionarily. It was first discovered in the early 1970s for its ability to bind with high affinity to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental pollutant and induce a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme known as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). AhR was shown to regulate TCDD-mediated toxicity against a variety of tissues including the immune system. More recently, AhR has been characterized as key regulator of the immune system, specifically the differentiation of T cells. Also, several AhR ligands have been characterized in addition to TCDD such as …


Biological Semantic Segmentation On Ct Medical Images For Kidney Tumor Detection Using Nnu-Net Framework, Andres Bergsneider Mar 2021

Biological Semantic Segmentation On Ct Medical Images For Kidney Tumor Detection Using Nnu-Net Framework, Andres Bergsneider

Master's Theses

Healthcare systems are constantly challenged with bottlenecks due to human-reliant operations, such as analyzing medical images. High precision and repeatability is necessary when performing a diagnostics on patients with tumors. Throughout the years an increasing number of advancements have been made using various machine learning algorithms for the detection of tumors helping to fast track diagnosis and treatment decisions. “Black Box” systems such as the complex deep learning networks discussed in this paper rely heavily on hyperparameter optimization in order to obtain the most ideal performance. This requires a significant time investment in the tuning of such networks to acquire …


Mechanisms Of Sensory Adaptation In The Primate Visual System, Boris Isaac Peñaloza Rojas Jan 2021

Mechanisms Of Sensory Adaptation In The Primate Visual System, Boris Isaac Peñaloza Rojas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Under ecological conditions, the luminance impinging on the retina varies within a dynamic range of 220 dB. Stimulus contrast can also vary drastically within a scene, and eye movements leave little time for sampling luminance. In addition, the amount of information reaching our visual system far exceeds the brain’s information processing capacity. Given the limited dynamic range of its neurons and its limited capacity in processing visual information in real-time, the brain deploys both structural and functional solutions that work in tandem to adapt to the surroundings. In this work, employing visual psychophysics and computational neuroscience, we study the mechanisms …


Exploring Quality Management Strategies To Mitigate Culture Shock Among Cochlear Implant Users, Victor Mulume' Ambila Jan 2021

Exploring Quality Management Strategies To Mitigate Culture Shock Among Cochlear Implant Users, Victor Mulume' Ambila

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractAfter the cochlear implant (CI) activation period and therapy, adult CI users who travel overseas encounter culture shock factors that paralyze their coping capability, which need normalization through management strategies during the post-cochlear-implantation process (PCIP). In the structure of the conceptual framework, a plan is presented for addressing the management strategy. An integrated system of product-process-service-care portrays the product as an active implant within an individual bearer fostering a CI user’s physical, physiological, and psychological traits. The problematic aspects alter the end users’ coping capability in an unfamiliar host environment abroad. The qualitative research approach used was a single case …


Development Of Light Actuated Chemical Delivery Platform On A 2-D Array Of Micropore Structure, Hojjat Rostami Azmand, Hojjat Rostami Azmand Jan 2021

Development Of Light Actuated Chemical Delivery Platform On A 2-D Array Of Micropore Structure, Hojjat Rostami Azmand, Hojjat Rostami Azmand

Dissertations and Theses

Localized chemical delivery plays an essential role in the fundamental information transfers within biological systems. Thus, the ability to mimic the natural chemical signal modulation would provide significant contributions to understand the functional signaling pathway of biological cells and develop new prosthetic devices for neurological disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate a light-controlled hydrogel platform that can be used for localized chemical delivery in a high spatial resolution. By utilizing the photothermal behavior of graphene-hydrogel composites confined within micron-sized fluidic channels, patterned light illumination creates the parallel and independent actuation of chemical release in a group of fluidic ports. The …


The Application Of Leaky Wave Antennas For Medical Hyperthermia Treatment And Beamformer In Fmcw Automotive Radar Systems, Masoud Sarabi Jan 2021

The Application Of Leaky Wave Antennas For Medical Hyperthermia Treatment And Beamformer In Fmcw Automotive Radar Systems, Masoud Sarabi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Thousands of years ago human discovered that if a slice of amber is rubbed against fur, it would absorb light-weight objects. Hundreds of years after that the ancient people figured out that there are actually two different characteristics of attraction and repulsion. Another 2000 years passed when human discovered that these two wonders of nature, magnetism and electricity are actually linked together like the two sides of the same coin. Since then, in the early 19th century great huge achievements were made in antennas and propagation by scientists such as Hans Christen Oersted, Heinrich Hertz, Alexander Popov and Marconi. Since …


Novel Machine Learning And Wearable Sensor Based Solutions For Smart Healthcare Monitoring, Rajdeep Kumar Nath Jan 2021

Novel Machine Learning And Wearable Sensor Based Solutions For Smart Healthcare Monitoring, Rajdeep Kumar Nath

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

The advent of IoT has enabled the design of connected and integrated smart health monitoring systems. These health monitoring systems can be utilized for monitoring the mental and physical wellbeing of a person. Stress, anxiety, and hypertension are the major elements responsible for the plethora of physical and mental illnesses. In this context, the older population demands special attention because of the several age-related complications that exacerbate the effects of stress, anxiety, and hypertension. Monitoring stress, anxiety, and blood pressure regularly can prevent long-term damage by initiating necessary intervention or clinical treatment beforehand. This will improve the quality of life …