Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Computationally Inexpensive Pv System Model As A Simulation Agent For Large Scale Integration Analysis, Colin Levis, Martin Hill

Conference Papers

In recent years the proliferation of renewable energy systems, especially photovoltaic (PV), generating into the low voltage (LV) distribution network has been increasing and these systems are poised to contribute a significant portion of the energy supply. This poses a challenge for maintaining grid stability, which is traditionally reliant on large centralised synchronous machines. For large-scale integration of distributed PV generation, PV systems must be capable of providing grid support services (GSS) emulating the traditional system. This paper presents an accurate, reduced order, computationally inexpensive agent based model (ABM) of a three-phase PV inverter that will provide a platform for …

Indirect Adaptive Neurofuzzy Hermite Wavelet Based Control Of Pv In A Grid-Connected Hybrid Power System, Sidra Mumtaz, Laiq Khan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Owing to the evolution of the smart grid, the emergence of hybrid power systems (HPSs), and the proliferation of plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles, the development of efficient and robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for renewable energy sources due to their inherent intermittent nature has overwhelmed the power industry. In this paper, an incremental conductance (IC) based Hermite wavelet incorporated neurofuzzy indirect adaptive MPPT control paradigm for a photovoltaic (PV) system in a grid-connected HPS is proposed. The performance of the proposed adaptive Hermite wavelet incorporated neurofuzzy MPPT control paradigm is validated through a comprehensive grid-connected HPS test-bed developed in …

Small-Scale Electric Vehicle Dc-Dc Converter For Nano-Grids Applications, Adam Johnston, Mason Johnson, John Sweat, Adel El-Shahat

Electrical & Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a self-sustained charging system that does not cost you any money on your electric bill? Electric car owners know that even though their cars do not require gasoline to run, they will require electricity and like everyone else that is tied to the grid will have to pay a price per kilowatt hour that is determined by their utility company. With gasoline prices falling somewhat in the past year the hype of electric vehicles has been somewhat less but who knows what the oil market is going to be …

Structure Stability And Optical Response Of Lead Halide Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials: A First-Principles Simulation Study, Siddharth Narendrakumar Rathod

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A third-generation of solar cell is based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials. These have reached up to 22.1% conversion efficiency through exponential growth just within the last decade, compared to much longer improvement times for other photovoltaic technologies. Lead halide perovskites are among the most commonly used materials in this context. Despite the relatively large number of available works on some of these materials, in particular CH3NH3PbI3, others are less investigated. Here, we focused on CH3NH3PbCl3, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 for assessing structure stability and optical response. Using quantum-mechanics-based first principles approaches, we calculated the optimized structures of these three materials …

Configuration And Electronic Properties Of The Interface Between Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite And Self-Assembled Monolayers In Solar Cells, Parin Divya Amlani

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials are currently the most promising functional materials for solar cell applications with efficiency reaching to those of more conventional materials such as silicon. Using self-assembled monolayers between photovoltaic materials and electrodes is a method for improving the stability and functionality. Recent experiments have shown that using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and pentafluorobenzenethiol monolayers bridging lead iodide hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials and electrodes result in improved stability and efficiency. The details of monolayer assembly, molecular adsorption configuration, and resulting modification of electronic properties are important characteristics related to solar cell performance. These characteristics can be obtained through accurate computer …

Photovoltaic Cooking In The Developing World, Tyler Watkins, Christopher O'Day, Omar Arriaga

Mechanical Engineering

The challenge of clean cooking is faced by hundreds of millions of people worldwide. We present a cooking technology consisting of a solar panel directly connected to an electric heater in a well-insulated chamber. Assuming continued decrease in solar panel prices, we anticipate that in a few decades Solar Electric Cooking technologies will be the most common cooking technology for the poor. Appropriate use of insulation reduces the power demand making low-power Insulated Solar Electric Cooking systems already cost competitive.

Simulation, Measurement, And Emulation Of Photovoltaic Modules Using High Frequency And High Power Density Power Electronic Circuits, Yunas Erkaya

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The number of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations is growing exponentially, and to improve the energy yield and the efficiency of PV systems, it is necessary to have correct methods for simulation, measurement, and emulation. PV systems can be simulated using PV models for different configurations and technologies of PV modules. Additionally, different environmental conditions of solar irradiance, temperature, and partial shading can be incorporated in the model to accurately simulate PV systems for any given condition.

The electrical measurement of PV systems both prior to and after making electrical connections is important for attaining high efficiency and reliability. Measuring PV …

Distributed Coordination And Control Of Renewable Energy Sources In Microgrids, Javad Khazaei Khazaei

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Microgrid is an emerging technology in the eld of electrical engineering which employs the concept of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in order to generate electricity in a small sized power system. The main objectives of this dissertation are to: 1- design a new control for lower level control of DERs in microgrids, 2- implement distributed upper level control for DERs in microgrids and 3- apply analytical approaches in order to analyze DERs in microgrids. The control in each DER can be divided into two main categories: lower and upper level. Lower level control is the main objective of control in …

Growth, Characterization And Simulation Of Tungsten Selenide Thin Films For Photovoltaic Applications, Qinglei Ma

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

An excellent candidate for an earth abundant absorber material is tungsten selenide (WSe₂) which can be directly grown as a p-type semiconductor with a band gap value that matches well the solar spectrum. Although several fabrication methods were reported, further improvement is highly needed to make high quality WSe₂ films. In addition, the numerical modelling of WSe₂ solar devices is highly desired to assess the overall utility of the material. In this work, the growth and characterization of tungsten selenide thin films are investigated, as well simulations of homo- and hetero-junction devices. In the first part, …

Fabrication Of Cu2Znsnse4 Thin-Film Solar Cells By A Two-Stage Process, Yejiao Wang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Copper zinc tin selenide (Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ or CZTSe) is a quaternary compound semiconductor material that has attained more and more attention for thin film photovoltaic applications. CZTSe is only comprised of abundant and non-toxic elements. People have concerns about availability and cost of indium from CIGS and tellurium from CdTe, also about cadmium’s toxicity. These concerns have promoted CZTSe as an alternative thin film solar cell material. The major issues about CZTSe absorber fabrication are: tin loss during selenization process and existence of secondary phases. Recent improvements of CZTSe absorber have increased the efficiency of CZTSe thin film …

High-Efficiency Solar-Powered 3-D Printers For Sustainable Development, Jephias Gwamuri, Dhiogo Franco, Khalid Khan, Lucia Gauchia, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The release of the open source 3-D printer known as the RepRap (a self-Replicating Rapid prototyper) resulted in the potential for distributed manufacturing of products for significantly lower costs than conventional manufacturing. This development, coupled with open source-appropriate technology (OSAT), has enabled the opportunity for 3-D printers to be used for sustainable development. In this context, OSAT provides the opportunity to modify and improve the physical designs of their printers and desired digitally-shared objects. However, these 3-D printers require electricity while more than a billion people still lack electricity. To enable the utilization of RepRaps in off-grid communities, solar photovoltaic …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Kesterite Cu2znsns4 (Czts) Thin Films For Solar Cell Application, Mohamed M.A. Abusnina

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The quaternary compound Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) gained considerable attention in the last decade due to its potential as an active-layer semiconductor for low-cost thin-film solar cells. The material is composed of nontoxic and Earth-abundant constituents, has optical properties suitable for photovoltaic application, and can be synthesized using a wide variety of methods.

Polycrystalline CZTS was grown in this work using vacuum-based deposition to first deposit metal films (precursors) of Cu, Zn, and Sn. In a subsequent step, the precursors underwent an annealing treatment in sulfur vapor environment (sulfurization) to form CZTS. Using sputtering, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) …

A New Algorithm Of Parameter Estimation Of A Photovoltaic Solar Panel, Mustapha Belarbi, Kamel Haddouche, El-Habib Belarbi, Amine Boudghene-Stambouli

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we present a new approach for estimating the one-diode model parameters of a photovoltaic solar panel according to the irradiance and temperature. These parameters are given, at a known irradiance and temperature, from the knowledge of three operating points: short circuit, open circuit, and maximum power. In the first step, the adopted approach concerns the resolution of the system of equations constituting the three operating points to write all the model parameters according to series resistance. Secondly, we make an iterative resolution at the optimal operating point by using the Newton--Raphson method to calculate the series resistance …

A Current-Based Simple Analog Mppt Circuit For Pv Systems, Bülent Büyükgüzel, Murat Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A new single pilot-sensor maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system, consisting of a buck type DC/DC converter, was developed. It is controlled by an analog-based unit. The main difference between the proposed MPPT system and other systems is that the short circuit current of the pilot-PV module in our system is used to control the DC/DC converter. The circuit of the proposed system does not utilize an expensive digital signal processor nor a microcontroller; hence, the cost and the complexity of the system are reduced.

A Conceptual Implementation Of A Buck Converter For An Off-Grid Hybrid System Consisting Of Solar And Wind Turbine Sources, Ahmad Shukri Fazil Rahman, Abdul Rahim Abdul Razak, Syed Idris Syed Hassan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A hybrid renewable power generation system is proposed through parallel connection between two potential energy resources: photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. The method consists of incorporating a buck converter connected by a wind turbine to provide adjustment according to PV potential. Unlike the conventional buck-boost converter topology that is normally used, this research tries to emphasize the use of a buck converter as part of the system configuration. Design schemes were carefully performed and the postdesign system was tested through system simulation with MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulated system offers promising and significant results, thus making it suitable for hardware implementation.

Solar Irradiation Estimator Based On A Self-Calibrated Reference Solar Cell, Touria Hassboun, Lhoussain El Bahir, Youness Aite Driss, Mustapha El Adnani

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper we propose a concept for estimating solar irradiation based on measurements of the current, voltage, and temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) cell. The estimation of the irradiation is obtained by processing these measurements using a PV cell mathematical model combined with a PI controller. Since the PV cell current is very sensitive to the irradiance level, the principle of the method is to force the model to reproduce the same current as that measured on the cell by applying an appropriate irradiance as input, for measured temperature and voltage. The appropriate irradiance, which is the output of …

Solar Photovoltaic System Control Topology Investigation For Power Source Mismatch, Lynette O'Callaghan

Conference papers

An investigation into solar photovoltaic (PV) system control topology selection, when partial shade is anticipated in the solar array, is presented. As available area is maximised in Building Integrated PV (BIPV) systems, shading is an inevitable consequence. The presence of partial shading in a PV array leads to multiple power peaks in the power-voltage curve, due to bypass diode sections being triggered, and an increase in module mismatch losses in the array. A building energy design software, Integrated Environmental Solutions, is used to determine the shadowed area on PV modules throughout the year, incorporating the PV system location and geometrical …

Simulation Design For Photovoltaics Using Finite Difference Time Domain And Quadratic Complex Rational Function Methods, Jacob R. Duritsch, Haejun Chung, Peter Bermel

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Photovoltaics (PV) can in principle supply enough renewable energy to offset a great deal of fossil fuel usage. To achieve this transition, it is critical to develop improved PV cells with decreased material costs and improved efficiencies. This goal can be greatly facilitated by a tool simulating the absorption and efficiency of experimentally relevant 3-D PV designs made of realistic materials, including those that have not yet been discovered. By incorporating the quadratic complex rational function algorithm (QCRF) with the finite difference time domain methods (FDTD), simulations can include frequency response and optical properties, while allowing full customization of tandem …

Minimizing Sheet Resistance Of Organic Photovoltaic Cell Top Contact Electrode Layer: Silver Nanowire Concentration Vs. Conductive Polymer Doping Concentration, Caitlyn Cook

Materials Engineering

The top contact electrode layers of nine organic photovoltaic cells were prepared with two varying factors: three Silver nanowire (AgNW) densities deposited on a conductive polymer doped with three concentrations. Silver’s low sheet resistance of 20-Ω/sq is hypothesized to lower the sheet resistance of the anode layer and thus enhance the overall efficiency of the cell. Four-point probe measurements indicated that increasing AgNW density in the top contact electrode layer of an organic photovoltaic cell significantly reduces sheet resistance from 52.2k-Ω/sq to 18.0 Ω/sq. Although an increase in doping concentration of the conductive polymer reduced sheet resistance in low AgNW …

Optimal Integration Of Hybrid (Wind--Solar) System With Diesel Power Plant \Newline Using Homer, Muhammad Noman Siddique, Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif Nawaz, Syed Basit Ali Bukhari

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Most energy worldwide is supplied through conventional energy sources, such as thermal, hydro, and nuclear. There have been serious energy crises in the last couple of years and so it is essential to consider renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution for integrating a wind--solar system with an existing diesel power plant of a grid-connected site at Taxila, Pakistan. In the case of nonavailability of power from the grid, this diesel power plant acts as a standby system. Three cases were considered in this paper: 1) using the diesel power plant during load-shedding hours; 2) assisting the system …

Capacity Allocation Of Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy System Based On Discrete Probabilistic Method, Chengjin Ye, Minxiang Huang

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Complementary renewable energies like wind and solar power may be more sufficient to satisfy reliability requirements. This paper proposes a quantitative capacity allocation method of a hybrid wind and solar energy system. First, discrete probability distributions are established to model the random factors including the volatility of power outputs and the failure of components. Then a multiobjective optimization model is formulated with objectives of minimization of the total investment, the nodal voltages violating limits probability, and power supply inadequacy probability. For the purpose of fast probability computing with a satisfactory precision degree, an innovative probabilistic load flow algorithm is introduced, …

Performance Analysis Of A 500-Kwp Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant In Kahramanmaraş, Şaban Yilmaz, Hasan Riza Özçalik

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In today's world, the daily need for and cost of energy sources increase and this forces industrial institutions to seek for new ways to generate their own energy. The developments in photovoltaic systems have recently drawn attention in the business world. Although their installation costs are high, they are environmentally friendly and profitable investments in the long run. The cost analysis of a large-scale photovoltaic generator in the climatic conditions of Kahramanmara\c{s} will lead the way to new investments. In this study, the modeling and cost analysis of an on-grid photovoltaic generator of 500 kW, which was installed to provide …

A Computational Study Of A Photovoltaic Compound Parabolic Concentrator, William M. Vance

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Routines have been written and added to the Wright State developed solar system simulation program called Solar_PVHFC to model incident solar radiation for a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) that uses solar panels (photovoltaic panels) to produce electrical energy. Solar_PVHFC is a program that models a solar energy system composed of solar panels to produce electricity from the sun, hydrogen storage tanks to chemically store the energy produced by the solar panels, and fuel cells to convert between electrical and chemical energy when required. Solar_PVHFC features several adjustable parameters to model a solar panel, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell system. Now …

Optimal Techno-Economic Sizing Of Wind/Solar/Battery Hybrid Microgrid System Using The Forever Power Method, Sami Hamed Alalwani

Masters Theses

"Advancement in power electronics, energy storage, control, and renewable energy sources has led to the use of integrated renewable energy sources in islanded microgrids (MG). Also, the uses of integrated renewable energy sources have become more technically applicable, more economically feasible, and more environmentally friendly than conventional sources. As a result, electrification of rural villages using renewable energy technologies has started to become widely adopted around the world. Since generating power from renewable energy sources is highly intermittent and difficult to predict, the use of proper energy storage technology is important to eliminate mismatches between the load demand and generation. …

Loss Modeling Of A Permanent Magnet Dc Motor Drive Water Pumping System, Nelson Lujara

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The paper presents an analytical approach to the determination of losses in each of the sub-systems of the Photovoltaic (PV) Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC) drive water pumping system with and without maximum power tracking. The losses of the system at varying heads are firstly, determined using parameters from the data sheets and then validated by experimental results. The results are used to establish the head and the flow rate optimal operating point of the system.

Life Cycle Assessment Projection Of Photovoltaic Cells: A Case Study On Energy Demand Of Quantum Wire Based Photovoltaic Technology Research, Shilpi Mukherjee

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With increasing clean-energy demand, photovoltaic (PV) technologies have gained attention as potential long-term alternative to fossil fuel energy. However, PV research and manufacture still utilize fossil fuel-powered grid electricity. With continuous enhancement of solar conversion efficiency, it is imperative to assess whether overall life cycle efficiency is also being enhanced. Many new-material PV technologies are still in their research phase, and life cycle analyses of these technologies have not yet been performed. For best results, grid dependency must be minimized for PV research, and this can be accomplished by an analytical instrument called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

LCA is the …

Solar-Combined Thermoelectric Power Generation Simulator, Hemanth Mullangi Chenchu, Kazuaki Yazawa, Je-Hyeong Bahk

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Photovoltaic (PV) devices are gaining popularity in harnessing solar energy as a form of sustainable energy source to generate electricity. However, these devices including tandem PV cells are limited to utilizing only high energy photons from the solar spectrum. This curtails their efficiency restricting them from being employed in mega Watts scale power generation. This study develops a software tool that allows engineers to tap into the wasted wavelengths of the spectrum by adding a thermoelectric (TE) module and a bottoming steam turbine cycle thus spreading the use of the spectrum. The tool allows investigating how power output and thus …

Control Of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Fractional Order Operators, Hadi Malek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This work presents a new peak seeking strategy for maximum power point operation using fractional order operators in the three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Moreover, fractional order controllers have been implemented in the voltage and current control loops. The simulation results and theoretical analysis indicate that the proposed fractional order control strategy improves the efficiency of the system by reducing the total harmonic distortion of the injected current to the grid and increases the robustness of the system against uncertainties. Additionally, the proposed maximum power point tracking algorithms provide more robustness and faster convergence speed under environmental variations than other maximum …

Optical Properties Of Solar Cells Based On Zinc(Hydr)Oxide And Its Composite With Graphite Oxide Sensitized By Quantum Dots, S. M. Zakirul Islam

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis research focuses on developing a hybrid form of solar cell based on zinc(hydr)oxide and its composites with graphite oxide, TiO2, quantum dot, electrolyte and . This work expands upon the Gratzel solar cell with a dye in TiO2.

Due to various structural and optical characteristics, zinc(hydr)oxide (Zn(OH)2) and its porous composites with 2% and 5% graphite oxide(GO) can be used for various applications including the manufacture of various , protective elements in electric and electronic appliances, as gas-sensors, catalysts, in cosmetics a UV light absorber, and solar cells.

In this research, both TiO2 and zinc(hydr)oxide (refer as Zn(OH)2 …

The Effect Of Annealing On Amorphous Silicon Based Solar Photovoltaic Thermal System (Pv/T) And Appropriate Global Dispatch Strategies, Joseph Rozario

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Previous work has shown that high-temperature short-term spike thermal annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems results in higher electrical energy output. The relationship between temperature and performance of a-Si:H PVT is not simple as high temperatures during thermal annealing improves the immediate electrical performance following an anneal, but during the anneal it creates a marked drop in electrical performance. In addition, the power generation of a-Si:H PVT depends on both the environmental conditions and the Staebler-Wronski Effect kinetics. In order to improve the performance of a-Si:H PVT systems further, this paper reports on the effect of …