Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Meta-Analysis Of Transcriptome Data Identifies A Novel 5-Gene Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Classifier, Manoj K. Bhasin, Kenneth Ndebele, Octavian Bucur, Eric U. Yee, Hasan H. Otu, Jessica Plati, Andrea Bullock, Xuesong Gu, Eduardo Castan, Peng Zhang, Robert Najarian, Maria S. Muraru, Rebecca Miksad, Roya Khosravi-Far, Towia A. Libermann

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely incurable due to late diagnosis. Superior early detection biomarkers are critical to improving PDAC survival and risk stratification.

Experimental Design: Optimized meta-analysis of PDAC transcriptome datasets identified and validated key PDAC biomarkers. PDAC-specific expression of a 5-gene biomarker panel was measured by qRT-PCR in microdissected patient-derived FFPE tissues. Cell-based assays assessed impact of two of these biomarkers, TMPRSS4 and ECT2, on PDAC cells.

Results: A 5-gene PDAC classifier (TMPRSS4, AHNAK2, POSTN, ECT2, SERPINB5) achieved on average 95% sensitivity and 89% specificity in discriminating PDAC from non-tumor samples in four training sets and similar …

Special Issue On Survivable And Resilient Communication Networks And Services, Eytan Modiano, Rudra Dutta, Yi Qian

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Communication networks and services play a vital role in our modern lives. This importance is expected to continue to grow in future decades. More and more business, healthcare or government organizations will become increasingly dependent on the communication between their offices and people. Not only does modern society depend on these services in terms of availability but also in terms of proper functioning in all circumstances. These services having stringent requirements with respect to protection of privacy and security. Anonymity (such as e-health) cannot accept, for example, temporary leakage of confidential information by accident whether a result of human error …

Coordinate-Invariant Lyddane-Sachs-Teller Relationship For Polar Vibrations In Materials With Monoclinic And Triclinic Crystal Systems, Mathias Schubert

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A coordinate-invariant generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation is presented for polar vibrations in materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems. The generalization is derived from an eigendielectric displacement vector summation approach, which is equivalent to the microscopic Born-Huang description of polar lattice vibrations in the harmonic approximation. An expression for a general oscillator strength is also described for materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems. A generalized factorized form of the dielectric response characteristic for monoclinic and triclinic materials is proposed. The generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation is found valid for monoclinic β-Ga2O3, where accurate experimental data became available recently from a …

Dst Approach To Enhance Audio Quality On Lost Audio Packet Steganography, Qilin Qi, Dongming Peng, Hamid Sharif

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Lost audio packet steganography (LACK) is a steganography technique established on the VoIP network. LACK provides a high-capacity covert channel over VoIP network by artificially delaying and dropping a number of packets in use to convey stegnogram. However, the increasing loss of packets will hurt the quality of the VoIP service. The quality deterioration will not only affect the legitimate VoIP service but also constrain the capacity of the covert channel. Discrete spring transform (DST) is proven to be a way to eliminate the perceptual redundancy in the multimedia signal. In this paper, the DST is applied on the LACK …

Embeddable Advanced Sensors For Harsh Environment Sensing Applications, Lei Yuan, Yinan Zhang, Yan Lu, Xiaobei Zhang, Mengmeng Wang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Research and development in advanced sensors with embedded monitoring capability have experienced significant growth in recent years, fueled by their broad applications in real-time measurement of a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological quantities. Compared with conventional sensors with bulky assemblies, recent progress in 3D manufacturing technologies (e.g., ultrafast laser micromachining and additive manufacturing) has opened up a new avenue in one-step fabrication of assembly-freemicro devices in various materials as well as the development of compact, customized, and intricate smart structures/components. The merits of these advanced manufacturing techniques enable the integration of embeddable advanced sensors into smart structures and …

A Wideband And Polarization-Independent Metasurface Based On Phase Optimization For Monostatic And Bistatic Radar Cross Section Reduction, Jianxun Su, Yao Lu, Zengrui Li, Rongrong Zhang, Yaoqing (Lamar) Yang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A broadband and polarization-independent metasurface is analyzed and designed for both monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction in this paper. Metasurfaces are composed of two types of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) lattice, which is a subarray with “0” or “𝜋” phase responses, arranged in periodic and aperiodic fashions. A new mechanism is proposed for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) scattering and realizing the best reduction of monostatic and bistatic RCS by redirecting EM energy to more directions through controlling the wavefront of EMwave reflected from the metasurface. Scattering characteristics of two kinds of metasurfaces, periodic arrangement and optimized phase layout, are …

A Wideband End-Fire Conformal Vivaldi Antenna Array Mounted On A Dielectric Cone, Zengrui Li, Xiaole Kang, Jianxun Su, Qingxin Guo, Yaoqing (Lamar) Yang, Junhong Wang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The characteristics of a novel antipodal Vivaldi antenna array mounted on a dielectric cone are presented. By employing antipodal Vivaldi antenna element, the antenna array shows ultrawide bandwidth and end-fire radiation characteristics.Our simulations show that the cone curvature has an obvious influence on the performance of the conformal antenna, in terms of both the bandwidth and the radiation patterns. The thickness and permittivity of the dielectric cone have an effect on the bandwidth of the conformal antenna. Measurement results of both single antenna and conformal antenna array show a good agreement with the simulated results. The measured conformal antenna can …

Anisotropy, Phonon Modes, And Free Charge Carrier Parameters In Monoclinic Β-Gallium Oxide Single Crystals, Mathias Schubert, Rafal Korlacki, Sean Knight, Tino Hofmann, Stefan Schöche, Vanya Darakchieva, Erik Janzén, Bo Monemar, Daniela Gogova, Q.-T. Thieu, R. Togashi, H. Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Ken Goto, Akito Kuramata, S. Yamakoshi, Masataka Higashiwaki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

We derive a dielectric function tensor model approach to render the optical response of monoclinic and triclinic symmetry materials with multiple uncoupled infrared and far-infrared active modes. We apply our model approach to monoclinic β-Ga₂O₃ single-crystal samples. Surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (2̅01), are investigated by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. We determine the frequency dependence of 4 independent β-Ga₂O₃ Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by matching large sets of experimental data using a point-by-point data inversion approach. From matching our monoclinic …

Inter-Row Robot Navigation Using 1d Ranging Sensors, Tyler A. Troyer, Santosh Pitla, Ethan Nutter

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this paper a fuzzy logic navigation controller for an inter-row agricultural robot is developed and evaluated in laboratory settings. The controller receives input from one-dimensional (1D) ranging sensors on the robotic platform, and operated on ten fuzzy rules for basic row-following behavior. The control system was implemented on basic hardware for proof of concept and operated on a commonly available microcontroller development platform and open source software libraries. The robot platform used for experimentation was a small tracked vehicle with differential steering control. Fuzzy inferencing and defuzzification, step response and cross track error were obtained from the test conducted …

Comparing Various Hardware/Software Solutions And Conversion Methods For Controller Area Network (Can) Bus Data Collection, Samuel E. Marx, Joe D. Luck, Santosh Pitla, Roger M. Hoy

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Various hardware and software solutions exist for collecting Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data. Digital data accuracy could vary based upon different data logging methods (e.g., hardware/software timing, processor timing, etc.). CAN bus data were collected from agricultural tractors using multiple data acquisition solutions to quantify differences among collection methods and demonstrate potential data accumulation rates. Two types of data were observed for this study. The first, CAN bus frame data, represents data collected for each line of hex data sent from an ECU. One issue with frame data is the resulting large file sizes, therefore a second logging format …

Design, Analysis And Evaluation Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ad Hoc Network For Emergency Response Communications, Robin D. Grodi

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In any emergency situation, it is paramount that communication be established between those affected by an emergency and the emergency responders. This communication is typically initiated by contacting an emergency service number such as 9-1-1 which will then notify the appropriate responders. The communication link relies heavily on the use of the public telephone network. If an emergency situation causes damage to, or otherwise interrupts, the public telephone network then those affected by the emergency are unable to call for help or warn others. A backup emergency response communication system is required to restore communication in areas where the public …

Assessment Of Optimized Electrode Configuration In Electrical Impedance Myography Study Using Genetic Algorithm Via Finite Element Model, Somen Baidya

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM) is a neurophysiologic technique in which high- frequency, low-intensity electrical current is applied via surface electrodes over a muscle or muscle group of interest and the resulting electrical parameters (resistance, reactance and phase) are analyzed to isolate diseased muscles from healthy ones. Beside muscle properties, some other anatomic and non-anatomic factors like muscle shape, subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness, inter-electrode distance, etc. also impact the major EIM parameters and thus affect the EIM analysis outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of variation in some of these factors impose on EIM parameters and …

A Computationally Efficient Method For Calculation Of Strand Eddy Current Losses In Electric Machines, Alireza Fatemi, Dan M. Ionel, Nabeel Demerdash, Dave A. Staton, Rafal Wrobel, Yew Chuan Chong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper, a fast finite element (FE)-based method for the calculation of eddy current losses in the stator windings of randomly wound electric machines with a focus on fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machines will be presented. The method is particularly suitable for implementation in large-scale design optimization algorithms where a qualitative characterization of such losses at higher speeds is most beneficial for identification of the design solutions which exhibit the lowest overall losses including the ac losses in the stator windings. Unlike the common practice of assuming a constant slot fill factor, sf, for all …

Disaster Preparedness And Response: A Survey Of U.S. Dental Hygienists, Brenda T. Bradshaw, Ann P. Bruhn, Tara L. Newcomb, Bridget T. Giles, Kathryn Simms

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess dental hygienists’ interests, current involvement, formal education, views, comfort levels, and intentions for involvement with disaster preparedness and response.

Methods: Dental hygienists (n=400) were asked to respond to a 21-item online survey. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, and a paired-samples t-test. Common themes were identified and categorized from open-ended questions.

Results: A response rate of 84% (n=334) was obtained. Most respondents (97%) reported no involvement with disaster preparedness and response; however, a majority (86%) reported interest. Of those who indicated an interest in disaster preparedness and response, …

Faraday Rechargeable Battery System, Alex Gasper, Bret Omsberg

Electrical Engineering

The modern electronic age has given birth to a variety of innovative and hand-held devices that are carried with the consumer nearly 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The one shortfall of these devices is their energy storage, or in most cases, a battery. The Faraday Rechargeable Battery System is a unique system that will generate electricity through rotational movement of a tire. This can be a bike, a car, or any other transportation vehicle that uses wheels for movement. The kinetic energy that is engendered either by the user or an engine can then be converted into …

Schneider Electric: Intro To Plc Programming, Brent Marshall

A with Honors Projects

This student project provides a brief description of the project: tutorial and demonstration for programming on the schneider electric PLC with SoMachine Basic.

Nanoscale Study Of Perovskite Solar Cells For Efficient Charge Transport, Nirmal Adhikari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effect of temperature, humidity and water on the grain boundary potential and charge transport within the grains of pervoskite films prepared by sequential deposition technique. Grain boundary potential of perovskite films exhibited variation in electrical properties with humidity level, temperature and water concentration in methyl ammonium iodide solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of PbI₂ phase in perovskite film with increasing temperature, humidity and adding larger quantity of water in methyl ammonium iodide solution. It is found that optimum amount of lead iodide helps for the passivation of perovskite film. Spatial mapping of surface potential in the …

Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 have become very promising light absorbing materials for photovoltaic devices over the last several years. CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells have reached a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of ~ 22%. Nevertheless, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells contain lead, which has serious consequences for the environment and human health. In this work, the lead was replaced with less toxic tin. Lead free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin film was prepared by two low temperature solution processing methods and characterized using various tools such as Xray Diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The distinctive p-type semiconducting nature and metal like conductivity of CH3NH3SnI3 …

Towards Syntactic Approximate Matching-A Pre-Processing Experiment, Doowon Jeong, Frank Breitinger, Hari Kang, Sangjin Lee

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Over the past few years, the popularity of approximate matching algorithms (a.k.a. fuzzy hashing) has increased. Especially within the area of bytewise approximate matching, several algorithms were published, tested, and improved. It has been shown that these algorithms are powerful, however they are sometimes too precise for real world investigations. That is, even very small commonalities (e.g., in the header of a file) can cause a match. While this is a desired property, it may also lead to unwanted results. In this paper, we show that by using simple pre-processing, we significantly can influence the outcome. Although our test set …

Find Me If You Can: Mobile Gps Mapping Applications Forensic Analysis & Snavp The Open Source, Modular, Extensible Parser, Jason Moore, Ibrahim Baggili, Frank Breitinger

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The use of smartphones as navigation devices has become more prevalent. The ubiquity of hand-held navigation devices such as Garmins or Toms Toms has been falling whereas the ownership of smartphones and their adoption as GPS devices is growing. This work provides a comprehensive study of the most popular smartphone mapping applications, namely Google Maps, Apple Maps, Waze, MapQuest, Bing, and Scout, on both Android and iOS. It details what data was found, where it was found, and how it was acquired for each application. Based on the findings, the work allowed for the construction of a tool capable of …

Sol-Gel Silica Coated Optical Fiber Sensor For Ammonia Gas Detection, Dejun Liu, Arun Mallik, Wei Han, Qiang Wu

Conference papers

A high sensitivity ammonia gas sensor based on a tapered small core single-mode fiber (SCSMF) structure for measurement of ammonia gas concentration is reported. The proposed tapered SCSMF fiber structure has a waist diameter of 13.5 μm and it is fabricated using a customized microheater brushing technique. The silica based material prepared by sol-gel method is used as a coating applied to the surface of tapered fiber structures. Experimental results show that sensor is very sensitive to ammonia. The best measurement resolution of the ammonia concentration is estimated to be 16 ppb for gas concentrations of 0.5 ppm to 2.5 …

A Spiral Computer Engineering Lab Framework, Pong P. Chu, Chansu Yu, Karla Hamlen-Mansour

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This development establishes a “spiral” lab framework, in which the key concepts are revisited at increasing levels of sophistication and interconnection, for Computer Engineering curriculum. The development is addressing a serious deficiency – lack of integration skill – in engineering curriculum. The framework connects and integrates the individual courses through a coherent sequence of lab experiments and projects across the entire curriculum. These lab experiments and projects are designed to illustrate and reinforce key theoretical concepts and their complexities and abstraction levels gradually grow as students progress through the curriculum. The framework is based in three cohesive themes: video, audio, …

Sensing Using Specialty Optical Fibers, Amy Van Newkirk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fiber optic based sensing is a growing field with many applications in civil and aerospace engineering, oil and gas industries, and particularly in harsh environments where electronics are not able to function. Optical fibers can be easily integrated into structures, are immune to electromagnetic interference, can be interrogated from remote distances, and can be multiplexed for distributed measurements. Because of these properties, specialty fiber designs and devices are being explored for sensing temperature, strain, pressure, curvature, refractive index, and more. Here we show a detailed analysis of a multicore fiber (MCF) for sensing, including its design and optimization in simulation, …

Electrical Parasitic Bandwidth Limitations Of Oxide-Free Lithographic Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, Xu Yang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nowadays, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are the most popular optical sources in short-reach data communications. In the commercial oxide VCSEL technology, an oxide aperture is created inside resonant cavity in realizing good mode and current confinement, however, high electrical resistance comes along with forming the oxide aperture and the electrical parasitic bandwidth becomes the main limitation in modulation speed. In this report, electrical bandwidths of oxide-free lithographic VCSELs have been studied along with their general lasing properties. Due to the new ways of fabricating the aperture, record low resistances have been achieved in oxide-free lithographic VCSELs with various sizes, while …

Intracellular Ros Mediates Gas Plasma-Facilitated Cellular Transfection In 2d And 3d Cultures, Dehui Xu, Biqing Wang, Yujing Xu, Zeyu Chen, Qinjie Cui, Yanjie Yang, Hailan Chen, Michael G. Kong

Bioelectrics Publications

This study reports the potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool for delivering oligonucleotides into mammalian cells. Compared to lipofection and electroporation methods, plasma transfection showed a better uptake efficiency and less cell death in the transfection of oligonucleotides. We demonstrated that the level of extracellular aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by gas plasma is correlated with the uptake efficiency and that this is achieved through an increase of intracellular ROS levels and the resulting increase in cell membrane permeability. This finding was supported by the use of ROS scavengers, which reduced CAP-based uptake efficiency. In …

Local Field Enhancement On Demand Based On Hybrid Plasmonic Dielectric Directional Coupler, Kholod Adhem Adhem

Wayne State University Dissertations

The concept of local field enhancement using conductor- gap-dielectric-substrate (CGDS) waveguide structure is proposed. The dispersion equation is derived analytically and solved numerically. The solution of the dispersion equation reveals the anti-crossing behavior of coupled modes. The optimal gap layer thickness and the coupling length of the guided modes are obtained. The mechanism of the CGDS works as follows: Light waves are guided by conventional low-loss dielectric waveguides and, upon demand, they are transformed into highly confined plasmonic modes with strong local field enhancement, and get transformed back into low-loss dielectric modes. As an example, in a representative CGDS structure, …

Analysis On The Performance Limitations Of An Interferometric Geolocation Device, Michael Witt

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

GPS is a critical tool often used in terrestrial location and navigation. However, GPS relies on a system of satellites in medium earth orbit and is prone to dropouts at higher latitudes, and may be susceptible to spoofing or other attacks. Thus, it is prudent to examine possible alternatives. Recently, star tracking has been of interest in global positioning. There are many implementations of a star tracker using an imaging-based optical system to capture star locations in order to estimate position using celestial navigation techniques. These imaging systems are performance limited by blurring imposed by atmospheric turbulence, platform jitter, and …

Modeling, Simulation And Control Of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drive While Minimizing Energy Input Requirements Using Optimized Gear Ratios, Sanjai Massey

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This project was conducted to analyze (model and simulate) and optimize an electric motor based drive system to propel a typical passenger vehicle in an urban driving environment. Although there are many HEV and EV type systems on the market today, this paper chose the Toyota Prius HEV system as a baseline using a brushless AC motor.

Although a vehicle can be driven many ways, a more standardized Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, UDDS, was chosen to simulate real driving conditions. This schedule is determined by the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, and is intended to represent the city driving conditions …

Channel Modeling For Fifth Generation Cellular Networks And Wireless Sensor Networks, Amir Torabi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In view of exponential growth in data traffic demand, the wireless communications industry has aimed to increase the capacity of existing networks by 1000 times over the next 20 years. A combination of extreme cell densification, more bandwidth, and higher spectral efficiency is needed to support the data traffic requirements for fifth generation (5G) cellular communications. In this research, the potential improvements achieved by using three major 5G enabling technologies (i.e., small cells, millimeter-wave spectrum, and massive MIMO) in rural and urban environments are investigated. This work develops SPM and KA-based ray models to investigate the impact of geometrical parameters …

A Novel Low Latency, High Resolution And Low Cost Time Synchronization, Ali Aghdaei

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This report presents a new low latency, high resolution and low cost timing synchro- nization technique for digital receivers. Traditional timing synchronization employs Matched filter to perform cross-correlation operation and estimate Time-of-Arrival (TOA) of the signal. Decreasing the latency of the traditional method through over- sampling leads to a higher complexity and it is not viable. Furthermore, to obtain a high-resolution TOA, an extensive bandwidth is required, which results in high system complexity. The proposed method uses single bit quantization to employ XNOR blocks instead of multiplier and accumulator (MAC) blocks in the traditional method. This substantially decreases complexity incorporating …