Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

A Gray-Code Type Bit Assignment Algorithm For Unitary Space-Time Constellations, Adam Panagos, Kurt Louis Kosbar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many techniques for constructing unitary space- time constellations have been proposed. To minimize bit-error rate (BER) in a wireless communication system, constellations constructed using these techniques should be given a Gray- code type bit assignment, where symbols which are close in signal space have bit assignments which have small Hamming distance. To the authors' knowledge, no efficient general strategy for making this bit assignment has been suggested. This work proposes a prioritized distance (PD) algorithm for making this assignment in an optimal manner by minimizing the probability of bit error union bound. The algorithm can be used on constellations constructed …

Predictive Congestion Control Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Available congestion control schemes, for example transport control protocol (TCP), when applied to wireless networks, result in a large number of packet drops, unfair scenarios and low throughputs with a significant amount of wasted energy due to retransmissions. To fully utilize the hop by hop feedback information, this paper presents a novel, decentralized, predictive congestion control (DPCC) for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The DPCC consists of an adaptive flow and adaptive back-off interval selection schemes that work in concert with energy efficient, distributed power control (DPC). The DPCC detects the onset of congestion using queue utilization and the embedded channel …

Effects Of Electromagnetic Interference On Control Area Network Performance, Fei Ren, Y. Rosa Zheng, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on control area network (CAN) communications are investigated by hardware experiments. Distinct CAN bit rates, communication cables, and networks are used to test effects of EMI on CAN bus. Waveforms of CAN data frames in EMI environment are observed and analyzed for figuring out details of effects. Experiments show that the EMI pulses frequently encountered in automobile and off-road machinery can cause the reduction of bit rates and errors in high-speed CAN communications. Replacing traditional unshielded parallel communication cables with shielded communication cables is proved to be an effective method of …

Estimation Of High-Frequency Currents From Near-Field Scan Measurements, Haixiao Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Richard E. Dubroff, Jin Shi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-frequency currents on the pins of integrated circuits (ICs) and on printed circuit board (PCB) traces are needed to predict and analyze electromagnetic interference in high-speed devices. These currents can, however, be difficult to measure when traces are buried within the PCB or chip-package, especially when several current-carrying traces are in close proximity. Techniques for estimating high-frequency currents from near-field scan data are proposed in this paper. These techniques are applied to find currents on the pins of an IC, on traces buried beneath other traces in a PCB, and on traces over a slot in the ground plane. Methods …

Comparative Application Of Differential Evolution And Particle Swarm Techniques To Reactive Power And Voltage Control, G. A. Bakare, G. Krost, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, U. O. Aliyu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the comparative application of two metaheuristic approaches: Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to the solution of the reactive power and voltage control problem. Efficient distribution of reactive power in an electric network leads to minimization of the system losses and improvement of the system voltage profile. It can be achieved by varying the excitation of generators or the on-load tap changer positions of transformers as well as by switching of discrete portions of inductors or capacitors etc. This constitutes a typical mixed integer non-linear optimization problem for the solution of which metaheuristic techniques have …

High Grade Control Of Linear Induction Motor Drives, Haidong Yu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Linear induction machines (LIM) have been widely utilized in military, transportation, aerospace due to the impressive advantages such as simple configuration, easy maintenance and high acceleration/deceleration. However, the existence of trailing eddy current effect and magnetic asymmetry effect undermines the expected functionality of vector control even though LIM inherent similarities from its rotary counterpart. As a result, it has been a focal research area to either improve the performance of vector control for LIM or develop a new high grade control strategy. Therefore, the in-depth knowledge of electromagnetic behavior of LIM is necessary. From both finite element analysis (FEA) and …

Polarization Rotation Correction In Radiometry: An Error Analysis, David G. Long, Derek Hudson, Jeffrey R. Piepmeier

Faculty Publications

Yueh proposed a method of using the third Stokes parameter TU to correct brightness temperatures such as Tv and Th for polarization rotation. This paper presents an extended error analysis of the estimation of Tv , Th, and TQ equiv Tv - Th by Yueh's method. In order to carry out the analysis, we first develop a forward model of polarization rotation that accounts for the random nature of thermal radiation, receiver noise, and (to first order) calibration. Analytic formulas are then derived for the bias, standard deviation (STD), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of estimated TQ, Tv , and Th, …

Sub-Bottom Profiling Using Time-Frequency Analysis, William Sanders, Dale Bibee, Edit J. Kaminsky

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Wireless Power Transmission To A Buried Sensor In Concrete, Khan M.Z. Shams, Mohammod Ali

Faculty Publications

The feasibility of sending wireless power to a buried sensor antenna within concrete was studied. a receive patch rectenna with 75.8% conversion efficiency was designed for operation at 5.7 GHz. The received DC power at the rectenna was measured within dry and wet concrete samples with various cover thicknesses and air-gaps. For the rectenna buried within 30 mm of the concrete, the received DC power was 10.37 mW, which was, about 70% of the received DC power in free-space.

Ultra Reliable Computing Systems, Chong Ho Lee

Dissertations and Theses

For high security and safety applications as well as general purpose applications, it is necessary to have ultra reliable computing systems. This dissertation describes our system of self-testable and self-repairable digital devices, especially, EPLDs (Electrically Programmable Logic Devices). In addition to significantly improving the reliability of digital systems, our self-healing and re-configurable system design with added repair capability can also provide higher yields, lower testing costs, and faster time-to-market for the semiconductor industry.

The digital system in our approach is composed of blocks, which realize combinational and sequential circuits using GALs (Generic Array Logic Devices). We describe three techniques for …

Hybrid Of Scattering Matrix Method And Integral Equation Used For Co-Simulation Of Power Integrity And Emi In Electronic Package With Large Number Of P/G Vias, Zaw Zaw Oo, En Xiao Liu, Xing Chang Wei, Mark Tan Yew Choon, Er Ping Li, Yaojiang Zhang, Le Wei Li

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The paper presents the development of a coupled scattering matrix method (SMM) with integral equation method for analyzing the power integrity (PI) of multilayered package structure with large number of power/grounds vias. Analysis of the entire signal traces and the associated vias, connected between the power and ground, (named as P/G vias) is treated as analyzing the coupling between the external signal traces and the inside vertical vias, and analyzing the scattering effects between the vertical vias. a pair of the layered power/ground planes is considered as the parallel plate waveguide structure. the scattering matrix method for the parallel-plate waveguide …

Use Of Ellipsometry And Surface Plasmon Resonance In Monitoring Thin Film Deposition Or Removal From A Substrate Surface, John A. Woollam, Blaine D. Johs, Thomas E. Tiwald, Martin M. Liphardt, James D. Welch

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Improved methodology for monitoring deposition or removal of material to or from a process and/or Wittness substrate Which demonstrates a negative e1 at some Wave length. The method involves detection of changes in P-polarized electromagnetism ellipsometric DELTA at SPR Resonance Angle-of-lncidence (A01) to monitor deposition of and/or removal of minute amounts of materials onto, or from, said process and/or Witness substrate. The methodology can optionally monitor ellipsometric PS1, and involves simultaneously or sequentially applying non-P-polarized electromagnetism at the same angle of incidence, or electromagnetic radiation of any polarization at a different angle-of-incidence and Wavelength to the process or Witt ness …

Cognitive Radio: Fundamentals And Opportunities., Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza

Faculty Publications

This talk is aimed at MSEE students in San Jose State University. It provides an overview of cognitive radio concepts and technologies. A MATLAB Simulink of demonstration of digital channel selection using a low IF radio architecture is presented. Technical challenges that remain to be solved in this area are identified.

Work In Progress - Undergraduate Research In Power Electronics - The Super Barrier Rectifier Diode Project, Taufik

Electrical Engineering

This paper presents an undergraduate student research project which involved a new power diode called the super barrier rectifier (SBR) diode. Several projects incorporating SBR diodes in dc-dc converters performed by undergraduate students will be described. Challenges in conducting these projects along with results will also be discussed.

Optimization Of Gallium Nitride-Based Laser Diode Through Transverse Modes Analysis, Xiaomin Jin, Bei Zhang, Liang Chen, Tao Dai, Guoyi Zhang

Electrical Engineering

We investigate the transverse mode pattern in GaN quantum-well (QW) laser diode (LD) by numerical calculation. We optimize the current GaN LD structure by varying the n-GaN layer thickness. The n-type GaN layer is an important factor to determine the optical mode. Finally, we discuss the lasing performance of the GaN LD based on the transverse optical modes.

Work In Progress - Improving Learning Using Industry Supported Project In Power Electronics Course, Taufik

Electrical Engineering

This paper presents an approach that has recently been developed and initiated in teaching undergraduate power electronics course to enhance the learning by exposing students to the most recent state of power electronics technology and applications. The approach involves a hardware project that is supported by industry that is at the forefront of power electronics technology, applications, and devices. The hardware project will be detailed in this paper along with the grading and assessment methods. Difficulties encountered will also be presented.

Optimal Control Of Class Of Non-Linear Plants Using Artificial Immune Systems: Application Of The Clonal Selection Algorithm, S. A. Panimadai Ramaswamy, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, S. N. Balakrishnan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The function of natural immune system is to protect the living organisms against invaders/pathogens. Artificial Immune System (AIS) is a computational intelligence paradigm inspired by the natural immune system. Diverse engineering problems have been solved in the recent past using AIS. Clonal selection is one of the few algorithms that belong to the family of AIS techniques. Clonal selection algorithm is the computational implementation of the clonal selection principle. The process of affinity maturation of the immune system is explicitly incorporated in this algorithm. This paper presents the application of AIS for the optimal control of a class of non-linear …

Design Of A Logic Element For Implementing An Asynchronous Fpga, Scott C. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A reconfigurable logic element (LE) is developed for use in constructing a NULL Convention Logic (NCL) FPGA. It can be configured as any of the 27 fundamental NCL gates, including resettable and inverting variations, and can utilize embedded registration for gates with three or fewer inputs. the developed LE is compared with a previous NCL LE, showing that the one developed herein yields a more area efficient NCL circuit implementation. the NCL FPGA logic element is simulated at the transistor level using the 1.8V, 180nm TSMC CMOS process. Copyright 2007 ACM.

Flying Mobile On-Board Ellipsometer, Polarimeter, Reflectometer And The Like Systems, Blaine D. Johs,, Ping He, Martin M. Liphardt, Christopher A. Goeden, John A. Woollam, James D. Welch

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A substantially self-contained “on-boar ” material system investigation system functionally mounted on a three dimen sional locational system to enable positioning at desired locations on, and distances from, the surface of a large sample, including the capability to easily and conveniently change the angle-of-incidence of a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a sample surface.

Workshop - Building Reflective Team Skills With A T-Group, Ray Luechtefeld, Steve Eugene Watkins

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

ABET criteria require that engineering graduates have the ability to "function on multidisciplinary teams" and "communicate effectively". An important component of these skills is the ability to reflect on one's personal actions and the dynamics occurring within the group. This workshop is intended to provide participants with a practical exercise that can help students become more self-reflective and aware of group dynamics, while demonstrating the use of the "virtual facilitator" system to improve group dialogue. The workshop will engage the participants in a self- directed learning exercise modeled after T-Groups. This exercise will help participants: 1) Become aware of their …

Time-Varying Feedback Systems Design Via Diophantine Equation Order Reduction, Shr-Hua Wu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Diophantine equation plays an important role in the design and synthesis of feedback compensators. Many methods have been developed to solve the Diophantine equation. This dissertation develops a new systematic approach of solving a linear time-varying Diophantine equation. This approach is based upon successively reducing the order of the Diophantine equation by Euclidean algorithm. Euclidean algorithm for solving for both time-invariant and time-varying Diophantine equations for directly determining both the quotient and the remainder associated with the division of one polynomial by another is presented. The coprimeness (right or left) of two Polynomial Differential Operators is needed to guarantee, in …

Expert System For Team Facilitation Using Observational Learning, Ray Luechtefeld, R. K. Singh, Steve Eugene Watkins

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

While ABET criteria require that engineering graduates be able to "function on multidisciplinary teams" and "communicate effectively", the need for effective team skills goes far deeper. One solution is the use of a computationally intelligent "virtual facilitator" that contains a subset of the expert knowledge of a skilled facilitator. The "virtual facilitator" models behaviors of an expert facilitator to engineering student teams as they are working together. Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning suggests that skills can be developed through observation of expert "others" engaged in practice. Preliminary research indicates that students can increase beneficial team behaviors (such as inquiry) …

Study Of Interaction Between Indium Species And Dna In The Formation Of Dna -Templated Nanowires, Shivashankar Suryanarayanan

Doctoral Dissertations

A primary goal of semiconductor industry is to improve device performance and capability by downscaling feature size and upscaling packaging density. As optical-lithography, the mainstream technology for microfabrication, is being stretched to its limit, new unconventional fabrication techniques are being explored as alternatives. A "Bottom-up" approach for manufacturing is emerging as an answer to limitations posed by the traditional "Top-down" approach. Nanowires, bearing the potential of being the basic building blocks for such an approach, are gaining tremendous attention in nanoelectronics. Metal nanowires fabricated using DNA as templates have potential for precise control of length, diameter and positioning. However, wires …

Design And Development Of Microcantilever As A Platform For Moisture Sensing, Qi Chen

Doctoral Dissertations

Ultra-sensitive and selective moisture sensors are needed in various industries for processing control or environmental monitoring. As an outstanding sensor platform, microcantilevers have potential application in moisture detection due to their advantages, such as low-level moisture detection limits, high accuracy, quick response time, high reproducibility, good recovery rate and low in cost. Our research results will lead to the first of its kind for the commercialization of a microcantilever-based moisture sensor used for industrial and household applications. The novelty of the present work is the development of SiO2 and Si cantilevers, which were fabricated using developed processes and modified with …

The Effects Of Contention Among Stations On Video Streaming Applications Over Wireless Local Area Networks: An Experimental Approach, Nicola Cranley, Tanmoy Debnath

Conference papers

Multimedia streaming applications have a large impact on the resource requirements of the WLAN. There are many variables involved in video streaming, such as the video content being streamed, how the video is encoded and how it is sent. This makes the role of radio resource management and the provision of QoS guarantees extremely difficult. For video streaming applications, packet loss and packets dropped due to excessive delay are the primary factors that affect the received video quality. In this paper, we experimentally analyse the effects of contention on the performance of video streaming applications with a given delay constraint …

The Capability Of The Edca Mechanism To Support Voice Traffic In A Mixed Voice/Data Transmission Over 802.11e Wlans: An Experimental Investigation, Miroslaw Narbutt, Mark Davis

Conference papers

In this paper we experimentally evaluate the capability of the EDCA mechanism to support voice traffic in a mixed voice/data transmission over 802.11e WLANs. In particular we investigate how real-time voice transmission can be supported by tuning four EDCA parameters, namely AIFSN, CWmin, CWmax and TXOP and how this impacts on background data transmission. The experimental set-up involves fifteen VoIP terminals sending bi-directional traffic between wired and wireless subnets and another station injecting various types of heavy background load to the wireless subnet. End-to-end voice transmission quality is predicted from time-varying transmission impairments with the use of the latest Appendix …

Music Structure Segmentation Using The Azimugram In Conjunction With Principal Component Analysis, Dan Barry, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle

Conference papers

A novel method to segment stereo music recordings into formal musical structures such as verses and choruses is presented. The method performs dimensional reduction on a time-azimuth representation of audio which results in a set of time activation sequences, each of which corresponds to a repeating structural segment. This is based on the assumption that each segment type such as verse or chorus has a unique energy distribution across the stereo field. It can be shown that these unique energy distributions along with their time activation sequences are the latent principal components of the time-azimuth representation. It can be shown …

Gap-Based Estimation: Choosing The Smoothing Parameters For Probabilistic And General Regression Neural Networks, Mingyu Zhong, Dave Coggeshall, Ehsan Ghaneie, Thomas Pope, Mark Rivera, Michael Georgiopoulos, Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos, Mansooreh Mollaghasemi, Samuel Richie

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Probabilistic neural networks (PNN) and general regression neural networks (GRNN) represent knowledge by simple but interpretable models that approximate the optimal classifier or predictor in the sense of expected value of the accuracy. These models require the specification of an important smoothing parameter, which is usually chosen by crossvalidation or clustering. In this article, we demonstrate the problems with the cross-validation and clustering approaches to specify the smoothing parameter, discuss the relationship between this parameter and some of © 2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology the data statistics, and attempt to develop a fast approach to determine the optimal value of …

A Universal Theory Of Pseudocodewords, Nathan Axvig, Emily Price, Eric T. Psota, Deanna Turk, Lance C. Pérez, Judy L. Walker

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

Three types of pseudocodewords for LDPC codes are found in the literature: graph cover pseudocodewords, linear programming pseudocodewords, and computation tree pseudocodewords. In this paper we first review these three notions and known connections between them. We then propose a new decoding rule — universal cover decoding — for LDPC codes. This new decoding rule also has a notion of pseudocodeword attached, and this fourth notion provides a framework in which we can better understand the other three.

A Survey Of Neural Computation On Graphics Processing Hardware, Ryan J. Meuth, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modern graphics processing units (GPU) are used for much more than simply 3D graphics applications. From machine vision to finite element analysis, CPU's are being used in diverse applications, collectively called general purpose graphics processor utilization. This paper explores the capabilities and limitations of modern GPU's and surveys the neural computation technologies that have been applied to these devices.