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Articles 91 - 120 of 299
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Computer Engineering
Ab Initio Study Of The Effects Of Humidity On Perovskite Based Hybrid Solar Cell Interfaces, Shantanu Rajendra Rachalwar
Ab Initio Study Of The Effects Of Humidity On Perovskite Based Hybrid Solar Cell Interfaces, Shantanu Rajendra Rachalwar
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Despite the impressive success of perovskite-based hybrid solar cells, their widespread usage has been limited partially owing to stability issues under working environmental conditions. Among these, the effects of humidity are some of the most significant. Water intercalation generally degrades the material, shortens its useful life, and reduces the efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion. Understanding the reasons for these effects can be achieved through detailed and accurate atomic-scale analysis. Here, we study water intercalation at the interfaces of perovskite-based hybrid solar cell material and TiO2 electrode. Accurate ab initio computer simulations are used to obtain structural and electronic properties. We …
Novel Implementation Of Finite Field Multipliers Over Gf(2m) For Emerging Cryptographic Applications, Nazeem Basha Shaik
Novel Implementation Of Finite Field Multipliers Over Gf(2m) For Emerging Cryptographic Applications, Nazeem Basha Shaik
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Cryptographic and coding theory algorithms use arithmetic operations over finite fields. Finite field multiplications over GF(2m) are critical components for these systems. Well known irreducible polynomials are all-one-polynomials (AOP), equally spaced polynomial (ESP), trinomial and pentanomial. Due to its simple structure, AOP based multiplica- tion is easy to implement and hence the AOP based multiplication of variable length can be used as a standard computation core. In this thesis, first of all, we employ low register complexity AOP based systolic multiplication core to propose multiplication over GF(2m) based on NIST recommended pentanomials. The proposed parallel and serial ar- chitectures use …
Analysis And Design Of High-Frequency Soft-Switching Dc-Dc Converter For Wireless Power Charging Applications, Abhishek V. Danekar
Analysis And Design Of High-Frequency Soft-Switching Dc-Dc Converter For Wireless Power Charging Applications, Abhishek V. Danekar
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is becoming attractive in a wide variety of applications such as electric-vehicle charging, induction heating, charging portable applications, industrial robots, and biomedical implants. Recent studies have shown various techniques to implement wireless power transfer and these techniques differ based on the type of applications. For example, for electric vehicle charging, the power levels are in the range 5 kW to 25 kW and the operating frequency is in the range 70 kHz to 110 kHz. On the other hand, for consumer applications, the power levels vary from a few watts to hundreds of watts and …
Implementation Of High Speed And Low Power Radix-4 8*8 Booth Multiplier In Cmos 32nm Technology, Rishit Navinbhai Patel
Implementation Of High Speed And Low Power Radix-4 8*8 Booth Multiplier In Cmos 32nm Technology, Rishit Navinbhai Patel
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According to Moore’s law, number of transistors integrated on a single chip double every 18 months with a lot new functionality embedded, which results the increasing of delay and power consumption of a chip. To improve the performance of a more complicated digital circuit design, faster and power efficient digital sub-components are in urgent need. Multipliers are the key components in the field of DSP, GPU and CPU which compute enormous amount of binary data. A radix-4 8*8 booth multiplier is proposed and implemented in this thesis aiming to reduce power delay product. Four stages with different architecture are used …
Rf Cmos Tunable Gilbert Mixer With Wide Tuning Frequency And Controllable Bandwidth: Design Sythesis And Verification, Xin Hu
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The double-balanced Gilbert mixer is widely used in RF receivers. In general, it is desirable to design a wide tuning frequency Gilbert mixer for low power, high conversion gain, low noise figure, and good linearity, but they are not easy to attain simultaneously. Therefore, trade-offs always exist by tuning design parameters. To observe the trade-off relationship between each tunable parameter and to make a mixer achieve specified requirements easily (i.e., tuning frequency range, bandwidth, and power), an automated design synthesis and verification approach for Gilbert mixer is proposed. A wide tuning CMOS Gilbert mixer design synthesis while keeping the local …
Structure Stability And Optical Response Of Lead Halide Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials: A First-Principles Simulation Study, Siddharth Narendrakumar Rathod
Structure Stability And Optical Response Of Lead Halide Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials: A First-Principles Simulation Study, Siddharth Narendrakumar Rathod
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A third-generation of solar cell is based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials. These have reached up to 22.1% conversion efficiency through exponential growth just within the last decade, compared to much longer improvement times for other photovoltaic technologies. Lead halide perovskites are among the most commonly used materials in this context. Despite the relatively large number of available works on some of these materials, in particular CH3NH3PbI3, others are less investigated. Here, we focused on CH3NH3PbCl3, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 for assessing structure stability and optical response. Using quantum-mechanics-based first principles approaches, we calculated the optimized structures of these three materials …
Improvement Of Continuous Wave Radar Measurements In A Partially Controlled Environment, Jared Smith
Improvement Of Continuous Wave Radar Measurements In A Partially Controlled Environment, Jared Smith
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A continuous wave (CW) radar system within a partially controlled environment measures scale model aircraft for mono-static and fully polarimetric radar imaging. Due to a pseudo-far-field setup, wavefront curvature manifests primarily as geometric distortion. Recently proposed phase error models show induced geometric distortion to be independent of aperture size which are verified via measurement for Sensors and Signals Exploitation Laboratory (SSEL) collections. The partially controlled nature of the SSEL introduces stray infrastructural reflections into the measured data. Three methods to reduce stray signals are explored namely: true background subtraction (TBS), running average (RA), and spatial filtering (SF). Of the three …
Extended Kalman Filter And Lqr Controller Design For Quadrotor Uavs, Muneeb Masood Raja
Extended Kalman Filter And Lqr Controller Design For Quadrotor Uavs, Muneeb Masood Raja
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A quadrotor is a unique class of UAVs with vertical take off and landing (VTOL) capability and has attracted significant attention due to its importance in various applications. This thesis presents the design and experimental implementation of Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs) to estimate the states of a quadrotor and a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller with integral action to meet the desired control objectives. In case of the Extended Kalman Filters, two different situations are considered: (1) all the states including the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) biases are estimated; (2) only the attitude, altitude, and vertical velocity are estimated. The …
Mathematical Modeling Of A P-N Junction Solar Cell Using The Transport Equations, Surjeet Singh
Mathematical Modeling Of A P-N Junction Solar Cell Using The Transport Equations, Surjeet Singh
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While analytical models are limited in the situations that they can simulate, they are generally easier to implement than numerical models and provide a rapid view of the variables which affect a certain quantity. Analytical models are also very useful in educational situations; such as a graduate class on photovoltaics. The modeling of the interior workings of a solar cell can be complex and involved; and some of the equations can become quite lengthy. A focus of this thesis work is the derivation of the minority carrier density and minority current density equations for a p-n junction solar cell. The …
Implementation Of Rf Steganography Based Joint Radar/Communication Lfm Waveform Using Software Defined Radio, Dimitri Dessources
Implementation Of Rf Steganography Based Joint Radar/Communication Lfm Waveform Using Software Defined Radio, Dimitri Dessources
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Incident Command System provides a framework for commanders to manage an incident. However, maintaining good situation awareness in an emergency situation is often challenging to the Incident Commander. Stress may result in task fixation which may cause the commander to miss critical information and can eventually lead to poor decisions. The proposed augmented decision support system, with an integrated knowledge base, enhances the commander's decision making and situation awareness by presenting the information that may have been missed. The system has been evaluated to investigate its utility in chemical hazard scenarios. The system was used by experienced Incident Commanders to …
A Comparative Study Of Bagging And Boosting Of Supervised And Unsupervised Classifiers For Outliers Detection, Yue Dang
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The problem of outlier detection has received increasing attention recently because it plays a great role in many fields such as credit fraud detection, cyber security, etc. Machine Learning approach is an excellent choice for outlier detection due to its accuracy and efficiency. Outlier detection problem is unique due to the so-called classes imbalance: the inliers are extreme majority and the outliers are minority. Ensemble methods are popular in classification and regression task in practice to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms. Bagging and boosting are two common methods of them. In this thesis, we want to show the …
Incorporating Passive Compliance For Reduced Motor Loading During Legged Walking, Akhil Sai Pabbu
Incorporating Passive Compliance For Reduced Motor Loading During Legged Walking, Akhil Sai Pabbu
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For purposes of travelling on all-terrains surfaces that are both uneven and discontinuous, legged robots have upper-hand over wheeled and tracked vehicles. The robot used in this thesis is a simulated hexapod with 3 degrees of freedom per leg. The main aim is to reduce the energy consumption of the system during walking by attaching a passive linear spring to each leg which will aid the motors and reduce the torque required while walking. Firstly, the ideal stiffness and location or the coordinates for mounting the spring is found out using gradient based algorithm called `Simultaneous Perturbation and Stochastic Approximation …
Design And Demonstration Of A Physical, Multi-Agent Autonomous Controller Testbed, Eric A. Nees
Design And Demonstration Of A Physical, Multi-Agent Autonomous Controller Testbed, Eric A. Nees
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Navigation and control algorithms are often tested in a simulated environment before being deployed in physical systems. Although simulated environments provide a controlled setting to carefully evaluate performance, the designed scenarios are sometimes unrealistically ideal and may unintentionally omit circumstances or unmodeled interactions. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and practical demonstration of a physical testbed that enables the testing of multi-agent autonomous strategies in hardware on a small scale. Testing the algorithms at scale allows real-time exploration of the interaction and performance of both human and autonomous algorithms under non-ideal conditions while avoiding the costs and risks of full-scale, …
Last Two Surface Range Detector For Direct Detection Multisurface Flash Lidar In 90nm Cmos Technology, Douglas Preston
Last Two Surface Range Detector For Direct Detection Multisurface Flash Lidar In 90nm Cmos Technology, Douglas Preston
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This thesis explores a novel detection architecture for use in a Direct-Detect Flash LIDAR system. The proposed architecture implements detection of the last two surfaces within single pixels of a target scene. The novel, focal plane integrated detector design allows for detection of objects behind sparse and/or partially reflective covering such as forest canopy. The proposed detector would be duplicated and manufactured on-chip behind each avalanche photodiode within a focal plane array. Analog outputs are used to minimize interference from digital components on the analog input signal. The proposed architecture is a low-footprint solution which requires low computational post-processing. Additionally, …
A 13t Single-Ended Low Power Sram Using Schmitt-Trigger And Write-Assist, Praneeth Namala
A 13t Single-Ended Low Power Sram Using Schmitt-Trigger And Write-Assist, Praneeth Namala
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SRAMs are widely used in application based systems like medical instruments, portable electronic devices from caches to registers. Technology scaling of transistor into nanometer regime has substantially increased memory density that occupies large silicon area in today's IC's and consumes significant amount of active and leakage power. So, design requirements and challenges such as memory write and read speed, leakage power, noise margin and process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations also significantly increase. In this thesis, a 13T single-ended low power SRAM using Schmitt-Trigger and write-assist technique is presented. It enhances read static noise margin, write-1 and read-0 access time, specifically at low …
Null Values And Null Vectors Of Matrix Pencils And Their Applications In Linear System Theory, Neel Dalwadi
Null Values And Null Vectors Of Matrix Pencils And Their Applications In Linear System Theory, Neel Dalwadi
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Considerable literature exists in linear algebra to solve the generalized eigenvalue, eigenvector problem (F − [lambda]G)v = 0 where F, G 2 Rs×s, are square matrices. However, a number of applications lend themselves to the case whereF, G 2 Rs×, and s ≠ t. The existing methods cannot be used for such non-square cases. This research explores structural decomposition of a matrix pencil (F − [lambda]G), s 6≠ t to compute finite values of [lambda] for which rank (F − [lambda]G) < min(s, t). Moreover, from the decomposition of the matrix pencil, information about the order of [lambda] at infinity, the Kronecker row and column indices of a matrix pencil can also be extracted. Equally important is the computation of non-zero vectors w 2 R1×s and v 2 Rt×1 corresponding to each finite value of [lambda], such that w(F - [lambda] G) = 0 and (F - [lambda]G)v = 0. Algorithms are developed for the computation of lambda, w, and v using numerically efficient techniques. Proposed algorithms are applied to problems encountered in system theory and illustrated by means of numerical examples.
An Engage Or Retreat Differential Game With Mobile Agents, Swathi Chandrasekar
An Engage Or Retreat Differential Game With Mobile Agents, Swathi Chandrasekar
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The thesis is aimed at developing optimal defensive strategies that dissuade an attacker from engaging a defender while simultaneously persuading the attacker to retreat. A two-player Engage or Retreat differential game is developed in which one player represents a mobile attacker and the other player represents a mobile defender. Both players are modeled as massless particles moving with constant velocity. The choice to terminate the game in engagement or retreat lies with the attacker. The defender indirectly influences the choice of the attacker by manipulating the latter's utility function. In other words, the defender co-operates with the attacker so that …
Configuration And Electronic Properties Of The Interface Between Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite And Self-Assembled Monolayers In Solar Cells, Parin Divya Amlani
Configuration And Electronic Properties Of The Interface Between Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite And Self-Assembled Monolayers In Solar Cells, Parin Divya Amlani
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Hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials are currently the most promising functional materials for solar cell applications with efficiency reaching to those of more conventional materials such as silicon. Using self-assembled monolayers between photovoltaic materials and electrodes is a method for improving the stability and functionality. Recent experiments have shown that using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and pentafluorobenzenethiol monolayers bridging lead iodide hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials and electrodes result in improved stability and efficiency. The details of monolayer assembly, molecular adsorption configuration, and resulting modification of electronic properties are important characteristics related to solar cell performance. These characteristics can be obtained through accurate computer …
Layout Implementation Of A 10-Bit 1.2 Gs/S Digital-To-Analog Converter In 90nm Cmos, Vinay Kumar Chunchu
Layout Implementation Of A 10-Bit 1.2 Gs/S Digital-To-Analog Converter In 90nm Cmos, Vinay Kumar Chunchu
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Digital-to-analog converters are the interface circuits between digital and analog domains. They are used in data communication applications and different sorts of applications where transformation amongst digital and analog signals is needed. High-speed data converters are needed to match the bandwidth demands of the present-day communication systems. This thesis presents the layout implementation of a 10-bit current steering DAC with a sampling rate of about 1.2 GS/s using CMOS 90 nm technology. Current steering DAC topology is used in high-speed applications. The DAC in this thesis is designed using a segmented architecture in which 4 LSB current cells are binary …
Calibration Models And System Development For Compressive Sensing With Micromirror Arrays, Rebecca L. Profeta
Calibration Models And System Development For Compressive Sensing With Micromirror Arrays, Rebecca L. Profeta
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Compressive sensing (CS) is an active research field focused on finding solutions to sparse linear inverse problems, i.e. estimating a signal using fewer linear measurements than there are unknowns. The assumption of signal sparsity makes solutions to this otherwise ill-posed problem possible and has lead to a number of technological innovations such as smaller and less expensive cameras that capture high resolution imagery, low-power radar systems, and accelerated MRI scanners. In this thesis, we present the development of a hardware CS imaging system using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) providing spatial light modulation via an array of micromirrors that can …
Accelerated Hyperspectral Unmixing With Endmember Variability Via The Sum-Product Algorithm, Charan Puladas
Accelerated Hyperspectral Unmixing With Endmember Variability Via The Sum-Product Algorithm, Charan Puladas
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The rich spectral information captured by hyperspectral sensors has given rise to a number of remote sensing applications, ranging from vegetative assessment and crop health monitoring, to military surveillance and combatant identification. However, due to limited spatial resolution, multiple ground materials generally contribute, i.e. mix, to form the spectrum recorded for a single pixel. The unmixing problem considers the inverse problem of determining the underlying material spectra, called endmembers, from sensor measurements. While classical unmixing approaches were deterministic in nature and did not attempt to identify in-scene materials, recent methods use labeled training data to generate statistical models of endmember …
An Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Approach To Eliminating Flicker In Led Lighting, Alex M. Kavouras Sr.
An Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Approach To Eliminating Flicker In Led Lighting, Alex M. Kavouras Sr.
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In today's lighting industry, there is a high demand for quality, long-lasting light bulbs. Light emitting diodes offer the means for long-life bulbs, while producing a quality output. The issue with the current state of solid-state lighting is how to drive LEDs and maintain their full potential. Many solutions offer either a long-life bulb or a high quality output. The trade-off for a long-lasting bulb typically comes with an output quality that is visibly or invisibly flickering. In order to effectively eliminate flicker from the output of the LED, a large output capacitor is needed. An electrolytic capacitor is a …
Fuzzy Control Of A Hyperloop Mass Transit System, Joseph D. Plantz
Fuzzy Control Of A Hyperloop Mass Transit System, Joseph D. Plantz
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Fuzzy logic control of a Hyperloop is carried out in this thesis. Hyperloop is being described hypothetically as a fifth mode of mass transportation and is a registered trademark of Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX). To inspire others to help in its development and make it a reality, the Hyperloop is being explored as open-source technology by SpaceX. In this thesis a near friction-less track is constructed and is fixed inside a tunnel. External fans are used to produce air pressure inside the tunnel to propel the vehicle down the track. Fuzzy Logic Control is used to stop the vehicle …
Tunable C Band Coupled-C Bpf With Resonators Using Active Capacitor And Inductor, Yu Wang
Tunable C Band Coupled-C Bpf With Resonators Using Active Capacitor And Inductor, Yu Wang
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In this thesis, a classic second-order coupled-capacitor Chebyshev bandpass filter with resonators using active capacitor and inductor is presented. The low cost and small size of CMOS active components makes the band pass filter (BPF) attractive in fully-integrated CMOS applications. The active capacitor is designed to compensate active inductor's resistance for resistive match in the resonator. Meanwhile, adjusting design parameter of the active component provides BPF tunability in center frequency, pass band and pass band gain. Designed in 1.8V 180 nanometer CMOS process, the BPF has a tuning frequency range of 758-864 MHz, a controllable pass band of 7.1-65.9 MHz, …
Leaky Wave Antenna, Pradyumna Aditya
Leaky Wave Antenna, Pradyumna Aditya
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The main radiation mechanism in a leaky wave antenna is a travelling wave in a guided structure. The main characteristics of a leaky wave antenna are: light weight, easy to fabricate. Leaky wave antennas have been in use since the 1940s. In this thesis, a portable and powerful leaky-wave antenna is designed, implemented, and demonstrated for scanning application. We change the guiding structure by applying a high dielectric constant material to produce a low-cost, small size, light weight, and high sensitivity leaky-wave antenna. The designed antenna can reach large scan angles with small frequency tuned. High scanning angles can be …
An Approach To Implement Kahn's Technique With Dynamic Power Supply, Sowjanya Kommu
An Approach To Implement Kahn's Technique With Dynamic Power Supply, Sowjanya Kommu
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Radio-frequency power amplifiers are an integral part of today's communication systems. Primary importance is given to improve its efficiency and linearity, which are required for the effective signal transmission. Three main architectures on which, the efficiency of communication systems are based on are: (a) Kahn's technique, (b) Doherty's power amplifiers, and (c) Cheireix out-phasing modulation. Several schemes to implement these techniques exist in literature and their study is very diverse. In this thesis, a detailed literature survey on these techniques is presented, which includes their operation, properties, advantages, disadvantages, and areas of potential applications. This main objective of this thesis …
Development Of Analytical Equations For Optimum Tilt Of Two-Axis And Single-Axis Rotating Solar Panels For Clear-Atmosphere Condition, Gaurav Subhash Gugale
Development Of Analytical Equations For Optimum Tilt Of Two-Axis And Single-Axis Rotating Solar Panels For Clear-Atmosphere Condition, Gaurav Subhash Gugale
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Solar Energy is a renewable energy source which is used widely in recent times. Photovoltaic panels collect the sun’s energy and convert it to electricity. Photovoltaic panels are being widely used in both domestic applications, commercial applications, and small-scale power generation applications. Photovoltaic panels are easy to install, they generate most of their power when electrical demands peak, prices of photovoltaic panels are dropping rapidly, photovoltaic panels require low maintenance, their operating costs are minimal, and they are highly suitable for remote applications. The amount of electricity produced by photovoltaic panels depends on the amount of sunlight the panel captures. …
Thermoelectric Transport And Energy Conversion Using Novel 2d Materials, Luke J. Wirth
Thermoelectric Transport And Energy Conversion Using Novel 2d Materials, Luke J. Wirth
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Nanomaterials hold great promise for applications in thermal management and thermoelectric power generation. Defects in these are important as they are generally inevitably introduced during fabrication or intentionally engineered to control the properties of the nanomaterials. Here, we investigate how phonon-contributed thermal conductance in narrow graphene, boron nitride (BN), and silicene nanoribbons (NRs), responds to the presence of a vacancy defect and the corresponding geometric distortion, from first principles using the non-equilibrium Green's function method. Analyses are made of the geometries, phonon conductance coefficients, and local densities of states (LDOS) of pristine and defected nanoribbons. It is found that hydrogen …
1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He
1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He
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In analog signal processing the squaring circuit represents the core for implementing an analog signal having a value representing the square of the input signal. For example, calculating the square of input signal is necessary in adaptive processing of an input signal based on its instantaneous root mean square value. In this thesis, a new 1-Ghz analog signal squaring circuit (squarer) designed in 180 nanometer CMOS process is presented. It is implemented by CMOS components including current source, current mirror, differential amplifier, low-pass filter, and voltage output buffer. A gain control amplifier and a 10-bit ADC are set up to …
Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman
Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman
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Motion planning and control of a differential drive robot in a supervised environment is presented in this thesis. Differential drive robot is a mobile robot with two driving wheels in which the overall velocity is split between left and right wheels. Kinematic equations are derived and implemented in Simulink to observe the theoretical working principle of the robot. A proportional controller is designed to control the motion of the robot, which is later implemented on a physical robot. Combination of linear velocity and orientation generates individual wheel velocities which are sent to the robot by wireless communication for its motion. …