Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Computer Engineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2020

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 781 - 810 of 2675

Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering

Task Allocation Modeling For Agent-Oriented Uuv Collaborative System, Hongtao Liang, Fengju Kang Aug 2020

Task Allocation Modeling For Agent-Oriented Uuv Collaborative System, Hongtao Liang, Fengju Kang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Task allocation modeling plays an important role in UUV collaborative system. In order to solve task allocation problem for the collaborative capability and efficiency, the Extended Contract Net Protocol (ECNP) task allocation approach was creatively proposed, which mainly focused on narrow the scope of communication and improving the negotiation efficiency. In this approach, Regional Trust Degree was introduced to narrow the scope in Announcement stage; and the capacity constraints (Energy-state, Health-State, and Detecting-window) were employed to decide whether to participate in bidding stage; also mixed-weighting evaluation strategy based on Game theory was proposed to evaluate the biding in Awarding …


Algorithm Of Double Level Visual Modeling Based On Data Of Pesticide Residues, Ruijun Liu, Chen Yi, Xu Yang Aug 2020

Algorithm Of Double Level Visual Modeling Based On Data Of Pesticide Residues, Ruijun Liu, Chen Yi, Xu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the study of pesticide residues detection result data, which has the characteristics of geographical level and the level of classification of fruits and vegetables, in node links and radial loop algorithm visualization model, the double level structure, radiation chain graph CircleLink, was designed for analysis of pesticide residues data in visual modeling algorithm. The visual modeling algorithm was applied to the actual pesticide residues detection results data for the simulation analysis and conclusions. Analysis of the characteristics of pesticide collection, distribution of agricultural products and supermarket pesticide residues of pesticide residues was applied.


Application Of Mutil-Level Fuzzy Algorithm In Ir Countermeasure Performance Integrated Evaluation, Li Fan, Geng Xu, Xiaojie Dong, Zehua Hong Aug 2020

Application Of Mutil-Level Fuzzy Algorithm In Ir Countermeasure Performance Integrated Evaluation, Li Fan, Geng Xu, Xiaojie Dong, Zehua Hong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the evaluation precision of countermeasure of IR guidance systems, a new method was proposed. The principle of multi-level fuzzy comprehension evaluation was analyzed, and a four level fuzzy comprehension evaluation was established. The result of the example under different simulation conditions shows its effectiveness.


Research And Simulation Of Cross Flow Heat Exchanger, Chengyun Wu, Guangwen Wang, Geping Li, Xudong Xin Aug 2020

Research And Simulation Of Cross Flow Heat Exchanger, Chengyun Wu, Guangwen Wang, Geping Li, Xudong Xin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on cell concept, the lumped parameter method was applied and the parameters in single heat exchanger cell were deduced. Thereafter 1, 4, 9,100 cells heat exchanger simulation model was set up and the simulation error and its influencing factors were analyzed. To simplify the algorithm and increase the calculation speed, as well as improve the accuracy of cross flow heat exchanger, the simplified heat exchanger model was proposed and reviewed. The research results show that the calculation of simplified heat exchanger is precise and the algorithm is simple. The model could be widely applied in cross flow heat …


Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Model On Polling System And Simulation Study, Guan Zheng, Yueqiang Wang, Wenhua Qian Aug 2020

Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Model On Polling System And Simulation Study, Guan Zheng, Yueqiang Wang, Wenhua Qian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A road traffic signal timing system could be corresponds to a polling model. For a queue with a large number of vehicles, under the exhaustive service, the corresponding traffic light will state on green for a long time to empty the queue, vise engender frequent switchover. Motivated by this problem, the timing strategy with minimum and maximum green times for each phase was proposed, which was modeled as a time limited polling system, and then the average queue length at the beginning of green period was analyzed to calculate the green times by the Markova chain and Generation Function …


Gait Recognition Based-On Relative Motion Features And Kinect, Yang Ke, Dou Yong, Lv Shaohe Aug 2020

Gait Recognition Based-On Relative Motion Features And Kinect, Yang Ke, Dou Yong, Lv Shaohe

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Gait recognition Kinect is a very important biometric technology. Gait feature can be divided into two categories: static and dynamic. Some work found that although the essential characteristics of gait are motion, but the motion feature's recognition capability is limited. However, is the distinguishing ability of the motion itself limited, or existing features doesn't adequately capture the characteristics of motion? Relative distance-based motion features were proposed, and distances between the particular skeleton points and their changes were used to characterize the gait. The relative motion features were extracted without calculating the gait cycle, and with robustness. Experimental results …


Facial Expression Recognition With Independent Subspace Analysis Based Feature Learning, Yongjie Zhan, Long Fei, Yikun Bu Aug 2020

Facial Expression Recognition With Independent Subspace Analysis Based Feature Learning, Yongjie Zhan, Long Fei, Yikun Bu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Hand-designed features (such as Gabor, LBP) has been widely employed in facial expression recognition. In the real-world applications of facial expression recognition, it is very difficult to achieve perfect face alignment because of the impact of complex background and the limitations of face alignment approaches. Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA) is an unsupervised feature learning method, which can be used to learn phase-invariant visual features from images. The problem of facial expression recognition based on ISA in the situation of not precise face alignment was investigated. Through analyzing the facial expression recognition performances with different subspace size, it was turned …


3d Printing Orientation Optimization Based On Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Dai Ning, Lisong Ou, Renkai Huang, Liu Hao Aug 2020

3d Printing Orientation Optimization Based On Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Dai Ning, Lisong Ou, Renkai Huang, Liu Hao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Part orientation is one of the key technologies in 3D Printing,which has important influence on the surface precision, machining time and machining cost of the part. This problem is a research hot point of how to balance the surface precision and machining time. The improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm was proposed to solve the problem of part orientation optimization. The mathematical model of part surface accuracy and machining time were constructed. The chromosome model of part orientation and the adaptive crowding distance were established. The genetic operators of select, crossover and mutation were used to get a set of …


Automatic Registration Method Based On Curvature, Wenli Yu, Mingquan Zhou, Wuyang Shui, Zhongke Wu Aug 2020

Automatic Registration Method Based On Curvature, Wenli Yu, Mingquan Zhou, Wuyang Shui, Zhongke Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to the acquisition range constriction of three-dimensional, a scanner could only obtain a single perspective of the deep image achieving the 3-D modeling from researching the registration of deep image. Currently, most of the existing commercial software requires manual label to achieve the registration of deep image. In order to improve this problem, an automatic registration method based on the constriction of curvature was proposed. At the beginning of registration, the method 4-Points Congruent Sets for Robust Surface Registration (4PCS) was used to achieve the initial and automatic registration. In the phase of accurate registration, ICP and linear …


Discontinuous Hierarchical Data Visualization Method Based On Themeriver Model, Yuangang Zhen, Chen Yi, Liu Ying, Ruijun Liu Aug 2020

Discontinuous Hierarchical Data Visualization Method Based On Themeriver Model, Yuangang Zhen, Chen Yi, Liu Ying, Ruijun Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For traditional ThemeRiver model which has poor performance support to characteristics of discrete data, a kind of visualization method based on improved ThemeRiver model was put forward, which was applied to discontinuous data. All data was put into several time slots and was counted respectively, and new data was added in the time slot which lack data. Gaussian model was adopted to fit curve. After ordering layout, selecting themes' color and arranging the labels, a layout was proposed which has prediction function and can show the hierarchical characteristic. For the hierarchy, the same color family was used to …


Visual Analysis Method For Comparison And Association Of Pesticide Residue Detection Data In Foods, Yuchao Feng, Chen Yi, Liu Ying, Hongqian Chen Aug 2020

Visual Analysis Method For Comparison And Association Of Pesticide Residue Detection Data In Foods, Yuchao Feng, Chen Yi, Liu Ying, Hongqian Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: On the basis of existing researches, after having studied on the national pesticide residue data, a visual analysis method and interactions were proposed to visualize the data from different aspects, which was called Visual Analysis method of Comparisons and Associations(VACA). This method abandoned the visualization method of visualizing association relationships by connecting lines, and used interactions to visualize the associations relationships between two types of hierarchical data, which could avoid the visual clutters. This method also could compare the attributes of two trees with the same structure, such as the pesticide detection in the products of different …


Soft Shadow Map Method For Exploration Scene Simulation Of Lunar Rover, Yang Cheng, Jianliang Zhou, Geshi Tang, Li Xie, Guangming Chen, Shushi Liu Aug 2020

Soft Shadow Map Method For Exploration Scene Simulation Of Lunar Rover, Yang Cheng, Jianliang Zhou, Geshi Tang, Li Xie, Guangming Chen, Shushi Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Scene simulation technology has gained a vast range of application in many different fields, such as aerospace measurement and controlling, by displaying the mission process and flight status in 3D real-time graphics interactively, which provided a comprehensive and intuitive controlling platform. The lunar exploration has been implemented with unmanned lunar rovers to detect the environments of the moon. Tele-operation was adopted to control the whole process by making and sending detecting plan and programming to the rover, in which the position of the sun was the key constraint condition. An effective real-time soft shadow map algorithm was presented to …


Molecular Dynamics Of Fluid Properties By Spanwise Oscillations Of Solid Wall, Haijun Dong, Xiaoqing Lu, Haopeng Zhang, Mingming Shan Aug 2020

Molecular Dynamics Of Fluid Properties By Spanwise Oscillations Of Solid Wall, Haijun Dong, Xiaoqing Lu, Haopeng Zhang, Mingming Shan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The fluid properties under the condition of the solid wall spanwise oscillation were studied using the molecular dynamics method. The three dimensional Couette flow model which was made up of copper wall and argon fluid was built. The fluid state of the near wall was simulated under the different oscillation parameters of solid wall and the corresponding fluid velocity field, the density distribution, the potential energy curves and the friction force were obtained. Then the influence mechanism of the wall oscillations on the frictional drag at liquid-solid interface was investigated. The results indicate that the frictional drag between wall …


Research On Matching Measure And Simulation Of Matching Between Sports Industry Technology Innovation Persons And Organizations Under Fuzzy Information, Gao Yan, Jinhai Sun Aug 2020

Research On Matching Measure And Simulation Of Matching Between Sports Industry Technology Innovation Persons And Organizations Under Fuzzy Information, Gao Yan, Jinhai Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the matching between sports industry technology innovation persons and organizations under fuzzy information, a new matching modal was proposed. The factors of sports industry technology innovation persons-organization fit were researched. The qualitative key influence factors were quantified using indirect measure based on interval number complementary judgment matrix of the experts. The matching fit modal of sports industry technology innovation persons and organizations was constructed from the perspective of organizational. It is to verify the feasibility and availability of the matching fit model by using a simulation example.


Texture Classification Based On Multi-Scale Wavelet, Liao Ning, Lisha Xu, Xiaoshan Qian Aug 2020

Texture Classification Based On Multi-Scale Wavelet, Liao Ning, Lisha Xu, Xiaoshan Qian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Texture analysis is quite sensitive to rotations. An efficient approach, called Invariant Contourlet-Fourier Descriptor, was proposed to achieve rotation invariance in texture analysis by extracting a set of Shannon entropy in contourlet domain. Discrete Fourier Transform analysis was applied to entropy vectors of each scale to form rotation invariant feature vectors, the dimensionality of which was reduced further due to the symmetry of DFT magnitude spectrum. Two classifiers, including the well-known Euclidean distance and Support Vector Machine, were studied to measure the distance between the known and unknown features. Experimental results on 1500 texture images show that …


Modeling And Simulation Of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Evaluation For Steel Damage By Finite Element Analysis, Yanyan Liu, Shiwei Ma Aug 2020

Modeling And Simulation Of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Evaluation For Steel Damage By Finite Element Analysis, Yanyan Liu, Shiwei Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A method was developed to theoretically determine the creep damage of steel by using the nonlinear ultrasonic technique. A two-dimensional finite element model was built to simulate the creep damage of the material and the ultrasonic wave propagation through the degraded material. The nonlinear phenomenon of wave distortion was due to the microstructural changes of the material, which caused distortion that accumulated with propagation distance. Based on the model, the nonlinear parameter of the second-harmonic wave increased with the increase of temperature, which gave some guidelines for the evaluation of the early stage of the degradation of mechanical properties …


Mathematical Model Of Maneuvering Motion And Virtual Simulation For Ultra Large Twin-Propeller Twin-Rudder Ship, Guo Chen, Yan Lifei, Haiqing Shen Aug 2020

Mathematical Model Of Maneuvering Motion And Virtual Simulation For Ultra Large Twin-Propeller Twin-Rudder Ship, Guo Chen, Yan Lifei, Haiqing Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A three-degree freedom mathematical model of maneuvering motion for an ultra-large type container ship with twin-propeller twin-rudder is established, with turning circle test and zig-zig test simulation results to verify it. By abstracting the ship maneuvering process, the three-dimensional model of ship, helm, propeller and rudder are modeled according to virtual reality technology, and then the ship posture and the dynamic process of ship maneuvering are displayed by the virtual scene and the responsive three-dimensional model. A virtual simulation system for the maneuvering of ultra large twin-propeller twin-rudder ship is established by the MFC framework and the …


3d Trajectory Tracking Of Px4 Quadrotor Based On Improved Dynamic Inversion, Yueli Hu, Weiping Cai, Wenrong Yang Aug 2020

3d Trajectory Tracking Of Px4 Quadrotor Based On Improved Dynamic Inversion, Yueli Hu, Weiping Cai, Wenrong Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An improved dynamic inversion method was proposed for the underactuation and strong coupling in attitude variables of the quadrotors, namely, combining model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with dynamic inversion in the fast variable loop in the system. Through the establishment of dynamic model of the quadrotor and motor model, the control law of the attitude angle and position was deduced. The MATLAB simulation for the scheme was analysed and compared with conventional dynamic inversion, and also simulated in the situation that tracking a given tracjectory with a 10% weight reduction from it's load. Simulation with respect to both …


Topology-Aware Dynamic Load-Balancing Of Conservative Simulation, Yanlong Zhai, Nana Jia, Xinyu Zhang, Yang Kai, Duzheng Qing Aug 2020

Topology-Aware Dynamic Load-Balancing Of Conservative Simulation, Yanlong Zhai, Nana Jia, Xinyu Zhang, Yang Kai, Duzheng Qing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In parallel and distributed discrete-event simulation, the work load of logical processes (LPs) may become imbalanced due to the change of resources or newly generated events. This will increase LPs' waiting time in conservative simulations and the rollback times in the optimistic simulation. A topology-aware dynamic load-balancing approach of conservative simulation was proposed to solve this problem. The working time was monitored and calculated to detect whether imbalance occurs based on K-means clustering algorithm. The load balancing scheme was calculated according to the load and topology. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can balance the load rapidly and …


Research On Discrete-Event Modeling And Simulation Language System, Chi Peng, Xiutao Yang, Baocun Hou Aug 2020

Research On Discrete-Event Modeling And Simulation Language System, Chi Peng, Xiutao Yang, Baocun Hou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A discrete-event modeling and simulation language system was proposed. Program model, language specification, simulating support, compiler and simulating application of the language system were introduced. Primary users can directly and quickly build the simulation system. They can describe details of the models and connections between models by writing element and compound models. For good scalability and flexibility, advanced users can create and modify the element component by using C++ language. The language system screens the time management and information distributing for users, which require high simulating ability. Components can be loaded by the simulating engine, which can run on …


Study On Unmanned Surface Vehicle Control Simulation System, Zhipeng Shen, Jizhong Liu, Wang Yu, Changsheng Dai Aug 2020

Study On Unmanned Surface Vehicle Control Simulation System, Zhipeng Shen, Jizhong Liu, Wang Yu, Changsheng Dai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on hybrid simulation, applying USV(Unmanned Surface Vehicles) mathematical model, autopilot, PC, gyrocompass, level turntable and embedded development platform, a manipulation simulation system of unmanned was designed. This system consists of shore-based system and shipboard system, and the hardware and software design for the system were researched. The test results show that the manipulation simulation system of USV can reflect the true condition of the USV accurately, and the system can provide a simulation platform for future research.


Affinity Propagation Based Improved Group Search Optimizer Clustering Algorithm, Zhang Kang, Xingsheng Gu Aug 2020

Affinity Propagation Based Improved Group Search Optimizer Clustering Algorithm, Zhang Kang, Xingsheng Gu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The essence of clustering is an optimization problem. It can be solved by swarm intelligent algorithms which are the popular research area in recent years. A novel Group Search Optimizer (GSO) algorithm named Fast Global Group Search Optimizer (FGGSO) was proposed. FGGSO improved the individuals' updating strategies of GSO, adopting the campaign strategy, destruction-construction strategy and accelerating-jumping strategy. By this means, the proposed algorithm improved the global and local search capability of the original GSO. Furthermore, based on this FGGSO algorithm, a novel improved AP algorithm was proposed. On account of deficiency of AP clustering unable to deal with …


Simulation Evaluation Method Of Operational Effectiveness Based On Clustering Analysis And Correlation Analysis, Jiao Song, Chu Wei, Shaojie Mao Aug 2020

Simulation Evaluation Method Of Operational Effectiveness Based On Clustering Analysis And Correlation Analysis, Jiao Song, Chu Wei, Shaojie Mao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Simulation evaluation is one of the important methods for researching operational effectiveness. With the increasing complexity of the evaluation object, the evaluation system becomes more and more huge and the overlap among the indexes is appeared. To deal with the problem, the evaluation method based on clustering analysis and grey correlation analysis was proposed. The evaluation indexes were gained according to the principles that ensure the purpose and comprehensiveness of evaluation. The evaluation indexes covering each other were appeared via clustering analysis, and the representative index was got via correlation analysis. The important degree of index was depicted …


Research On The Formalization Description Method Of Manufacturing Capability Service In Cloud Manufacturing, Yingying Xiao, Bohu Li, Xudong Chai, Gong Jing Aug 2020

Research On The Formalization Description Method Of Manufacturing Capability Service In Cloud Manufacturing, Yingying Xiao, Bohu Li, Xudong Chai, Gong Jing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the application demand of manufacturing capability service (MCs) in cloud manufacturing system, MCs' formalization description method was focused on. Based on the connotation analysis of MC, the definition and the classification framework of MC were given. Meanwhile, a meta-model of MCs and its attribution details, as well as a EVA (entity-value- attribute)- based persistence method was proposed to realize the formulization of heterogeneous MCs. The primary research and application in the cloud manufacturing system (TianzhiNet) show that the formalization description method of MCs is feasible. Finally, the future works are given.


Research And Application Of Multidisciplinary Optimization Technology Based On Virtual Prototyping, Tao Luan, Junhua Zhou, Baocun Hou Aug 2020

Research And Application Of Multidisciplinary Optimization Technology Based On Virtual Prototyping, Tao Luan, Junhua Zhou, Baocun Hou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The main body of the article briefed the total frame, composing, application case of multidisciplinary optimization technology for weapon equipment system,and introduced 5 kinds of multidisciplinary optimization method detailedly. It took a certain equipment's virtual prototyping optimization design requirement in the engineering develop phase as the background, and advanced the way of multidisciplinary virtual prototyping optimization based on local subsystem analysis viably, shortened form LSA-IDF. Then through an actual case application, the article constructed the weapon equipment system's virtual prototyping optimization design flow, actualized intelligent optimization design based on virtual prototyping. Finally it sums up the applying …


Software Design And Implementation For Visualization System Automatic Optimization With Incorporation Of Feedback And Prediction, Xiaodong Wang, Fengju Kang, Gu Hao Aug 2020

Software Design And Implementation For Visualization System Automatic Optimization With Incorporation Of Feedback And Prediction, Xiaodong Wang, Fengju Kang, Gu Hao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To develop high-fidelity and real-time visualization system, the problem of automatic optimization software of visualization system was brought forward. By analyzing the whole development process of visualization system, the attraction method of 3D models significance degree in final rendering image based on bounding box was designed. Combining with the prediction of efficiency of the rendering pipeline, the algorithm with incorporation of feedback and prediction for level of detail (LOD) selection was designed, and the interface and framework of the automatic optimization software were established, which implemented it with C++ programing language. The automatic optimization software implemented above was …


Ocean Hydrological Spatio-Temperal Data Visualization Based On Data Awareness, Caixia Li, Song Yuan, Wang Yi, Li Zhi, Xiaolin Cheng Aug 2020

Ocean Hydrological Spatio-Temperal Data Visualization Based On Data Awareness, Caixia Li, Song Yuan, Wang Yi, Li Zhi, Xiaolin Cheng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Spatio-temporal data mining has emerged as an active research field focusing on the modeling and visualization of ocean hydrological data. A model of spatio-temporal data awareness (SDAM) was proposed, which gave details from three parts: 1) Description with data semantic tag for spatio-temporal context and value. 2) Awareness of spatial neighborhood semantic features by means of tri-linear interpolation; Awareness of temporal neighborhood semantic features by means of spatio-temporal frequent pattern mining; Developing database with the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics. 3) Developing feature cluster and application dataset by spatio-temporal clustering. With an application case of China's hydrological database, SDAM visualization on …


Design And Implementation Of Electromagnetic Spectrum Visualization System, Bin Fang, Ma Jie, Keyu Sun Aug 2020

Design And Implementation Of Electromagnetic Spectrum Visualization System, Bin Fang, Ma Jie, Keyu Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Battlefield environment, filled with all kinds of devices with frequency electromagnetic signals, results in complex and rapidly changing electromagnetic environment. And the uncertainty brought by the complexity and the time variability not only makes it hard to predict the result of a war, but also leads to higher requirements for the current electromagnetic visualization platform serving for decision. To satisfy the visual needs for the electromagnetic spectrum data in the battlefield environment, the electromagnetic spectrum trend was designed in the perspective of temporal, spatial, frequency, and the energy domain. Four situations were proposed: equipment frequency radiation situation, spectrum …


Group Decision Making Model For Weapon Selection Using Extended Vikor Method Under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment, Shanliang Yang, Wang Peng, Li Ge, Kedi Huang Aug 2020

Group Decision Making Model For Weapon Selection Using Extended Vikor Method Under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment, Shanliang Yang, Wang Peng, Li Ge, Kedi Huang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With respect to weapon system selection problem, in which attribute weights are completely unknown and attribute values are expressed with linguistic information, a multi-attribute group decision-making method based on extended VIKOR was proposed. The intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (IFWA) operator was introduced to aggregate all the individual decision-making information in order to obtain the intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix. The intuitionistic fuzzy entropy method was utilized to obtain the objective weights of evaluation criteria. The alternative weapon systems were ranked according to the basic concept of extended VIKOR method. A case study of air-to-ground guided missile selection problem for UCAV …


Process Model Of Complex R & D Project Based On Design Structure Matrix, Baosen Yang, Kejun Zheng, Lai Ling Aug 2020

Process Model Of Complex R & D Project Based On Design Structure Matrix, Baosen Yang, Kejun Zheng, Lai Ling

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since complex product R&D project is characteristic with more stochastic factors, a process model was established for complex product R&D project. The model made a comprehensive description of complex information dependencies between activities, timing between the upstream and downstream, feedback iterative relationship, parallel overlapping relationship, constraints and process parameters (time parameters, cost parameters, rework probability, rework impact, learning curve, etc.) by multi-view approach. Some case studies were proposed in detail to illustrate the modeling process. This provides new ways and means of the simulation for the complex product R&D project risk analysis.