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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 2023

Full-Text Articles in Structural Engineering

Education In Cold-Formed Steel Structures - Lifelong Learning, Albert L. Johnson Oct 1992

Education In Cold-Formed Steel Structures - Lifelong Learning, Albert L. Johnson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

What is the system we're dealing with? Who's in the audience? What is the information we need? How do we package it? How is it delivered? How do we know if we've done a good job?

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Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Oct 1992

Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A comprehensive experimental study of the tension strength of arc spot weld connections, that affix a cold-formed steel roof deck to its support member, was conducted. Based on the experimental results obtained from over 260 connection tests, equations have been developed that predict the tension capacity of an arc spot weld connection. These equations are easily applied, and lend themselves to use by structural designers.

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Experimental Investigations Of I-Beams, Shang-Jian Chen, Shan-Feng Fang Oct 1992

Experimental Investigations Of I-Beams, Shang-Jian Chen, Shan-Feng Fang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

I - beams made of cold - formed thin - walled channels, back to back, can be connected by resistance spot welding or arc-welding. Both stability and ultimate strength of these beams are different for welding method. The stability can be increased provided several battens are attached on the open sections of these beams.

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Contrasting Behaviour Of Thin Steel Roof Claddings Uder Simulated Cyclonic Wind Loading, Mahen Mahendran Oct 1992

Contrasting Behaviour Of Thin Steel Roof Claddings Uder Simulated Cyclonic Wind Loading, Mahen Mahendran

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

During an investigation on thin steel roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind loading, it was found that trapezoidal roofing behaved quite differently to corrugated roofing due to the presence of overload cycles. This paper examines this contrasting behaviour of these two roofing profiles.

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Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load, Mohsen M. Salaheldin, Lweis C. Schmidt Oct 1992

Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load, Mohsen M. Salaheldin, Lweis C. Schmidt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of profiled sheets under concentrated static load is discussed. The effect of aspect ratio and the depth of the sheet on the redistribution of stresses is investigated. The stress concentration caused by the concentrated load can lead to an anomalous pattern of behaviour, where local plastic failure occurs at lower loads in shorter spans rather than in longer spans.

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Properties For Cellular Decks In Negative Bending, K. Balaji, Larry D. Luttrell Oct 1992

Properties For Cellular Decks In Negative Bending, K. Balaji, Larry D. Luttrell

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cellular roof and floor decks may be formed by attaching essentially flat sheets to a "hat-shapes" or to fluted profiles by spot welding along the contact lines. This leads to a closed cellular deck unit suitable for such purposes as in-floor power distribution or communication systems. In positive bending, or when the flat sheet is in tension and stable, cellular deck flexural properties can be determined following the American Iron and Steel Institute Cold Formed Steel Design Manual. When the flat sheet is in compression, its contribution is not described in the AISI Manual since it is not continuously connected …

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Composite Slabs Analyzed By Block Bending Test, Li An, Krister Cederwall Oct 1992

Composite Slabs Analyzed By Block Bending Test, Li An, Krister Cederwall

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new small-scale test, concrete block bending test, was carried out to determine the amount of shear stress and the slip distribution at the interface between the steel sheet and the concrete. The result was then used in the finite element analysis to predict the behaviour of composite slabs. Good agreement has been shown between the analytical results and measured results from the full-scale composite slabs.

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Repeated Point Loading Tests On Composite Slabs, Yoshimitsu Itoh, Kiyoshi Komori, Hiroshi Fujioka Oct 1992

Repeated Point Loading Tests On Composite Slabs, Yoshimitsu Itoh, Kiyoshi Komori, Hiroshi Fujioka

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Single span and double span composite slab specimens were tested by subjecting them to concentrated repeated point loading. From the test results, it was found that the control of concrete cracks caused by the negative moment over the interior support is important in the latter case.

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Thermal Shielding Near Intermediate Supports Of Continuous Span Composite Slabs, Kees Both, Leen Twilt, Jan W. B. Stark Oct 1992

Thermal Shielding Near Intermediate Supports Of Continuous Span Composite Slabs, Kees Both, Leen Twilt, Jan W. B. Stark

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

At TNO Building and Construction Research, in close co-operation with the Eindhoven University of Technology, research is carried out on the behaviour of fire-exposed composite steel/concrete slabs, in the framework of a research project co-sponsored by the ECSC (European Community for Steel and Coal). The paper describes the state of the art of the research project.

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Design Of Channels Against Distortional Buckling, Y. B. Kwon, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1992

Design Of Channels Against Distortional Buckling, Y. B. Kwon, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Thin-walled lip-stiffened channel columns composed of high strength steel may fail in a distortional mode involving movement of the lip stiffener perpendicular to the flange plate it supports. In this report, test results for a simple lipped channel section(CH1) and an intermediate stiffened channel section (CH2) of thickness of approximately 1.1 mm (0.043 in) and 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) steel and undergoing distortional or mixed local-distortional buckling failure are compared with different design methods. The design methods compared are Australian Standard AS1538, EC3 Partl/ Annexe A, the ECCS Recommendations and the AISI Specification. In addition, new methods based on a …

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Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Steel Z-Section Columns, P. Charnvarnichborikarn, Dimos Polyzois Oct 1992

Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Steel Z-Section Columns, P. Charnvarnichborikarn, Dimos Polyzois

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Current North American guidelines for the design of cold-formed steel members consider the web of cold-formed steel sections under direct compression to be a fully stiffened element. This, however, may not be true if the flanges cannot provide sufficient restraint to the web. In this case, instability of the web element may cause distortional failure of the flange-edge stiffener component which may limit the load-carrying capacity of these sections with very little post-buckling strength being realized. In the present paper, the effect of web buckling on the load-carrying capacity of Z-sections with partially stiffened flanges is examined. The current design …

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Flexibly Connected Thin-Walled Space Frame Stability, Sundar Chandramouli, Shien T. Wang, George E. Blandford Oct 1992

Flexibly Connected Thin-Walled Space Frame Stability, Sundar Chandramouli, Shien T. Wang, George E. Blandford

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The elastic stability of a cubic space frame composed of cold-formed steel members is studied for various bending and warping rigidities. A finite element technique is used to perform a parametric study of the elastic stability response of the flexibly connected frame. The results are compared with previously published observations for hot-rolled steel sections. The criterion used for deciding the significance of warping for hot-rolled sections is not found to be applicable to cold-formed sections.

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Shah Alam Sports Complex Design And Construction Of Unistrut Space-Frame Roof Structure, Khaldoun Mhaimeed, Sun Chien Hsiao Oct 1992

Shah Alam Sports Complex Design And Construction Of Unistrut Space-Frame Roof Structure, Khaldoun Mhaimeed, Sun Chien Hsiao

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Shah Alam Sports Complex is a $100-million multiuse sports facility in Selangor, Malysia. The main feature of this complex is a 72000-seat multisport stadium. Seating on both sides of the stadium will be covered by a pair of barrel-vaulted acrylic sky roofs. Each roof is structurally supported by a Unistrut Space-Frame which in tum is supported at three of its four edges with a free span of 931 feet (284 m). The frame is cantilevered from the back 226 feet (69 m) over the seats. In this paper, design philosophy to satisfy serviceability and ultimate limit states is discussed. …

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Calibration Of A Bending Model For Cold-Formed Sections, A. De Martino, A. Ghersi, Frederico M. Mazzolani Oct 1992

Calibration Of A Bending Model For Cold-Formed Sections, A. De Martino, A. Ghersi, Frederico M. Mazzolani

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The calibration procedure of a numerical model based on the simulation of the moment-curvature relation for cold-formed steel beams is presented. The results of bending tests on beams with double-channel cross-section are used to assess the proper values to the parameters which quantify the model.

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Observations And Comments Pertaining To Can/Csa-S136-M89, Aaron S. Dinovitzer, Majid Sohrabpour, R. M. Schuster Oct 1992

Observations And Comments Pertaining To Can/Csa-S136-M89, Aaron S. Dinovitzer, Majid Sohrabpour, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Contained in this paper are the results of two separate studies, namely, 1) partially stiffened compressive elements of both edge and single intermediate stiffened flanges and 2) deflection determination of multi-web deck profiles. Both of these studies were based on the Canadian cold formed steel design standard (CAN/CSA-S 136-M89), with the results also applicable to the AISI specification. In the case of partially stiffened compressive elements, discontinuities in effective width estimates for sections with similar flanges and stiffeners were observed, resulting from a sudden change in the behavioural states. Recommendations are presented to rectify this discontinuity and at the same …

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Prediction Of Corner Mechanical Properties For Stainless Steels Due To Cold Forming, P. Van Der Merwe, G. J. Van Den Berg Oct 1992

Prediction Of Corner Mechanical Properties For Stainless Steels Due To Cold Forming, P. Van Der Merwe, G. J. Van Den Berg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The results of a study of the degree of workhardening on stainless steel Types 304, 409, 430 and Type 3CR12 corrosion resisting steel due to cold work of forming are presented in this paper. Analytical inelastic stress-strain relationships are established for virgin tensile specimens. An equation for predicting the yield strength of comers are developed.

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Some Applications Of Generalized Beam Theory, J. Michael Davies, Philip Leach Oct 1992

Some Applications Of Generalized Beam Theory, J. Michael Davies, Philip Leach

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) has been developed by Professor R Schardt and his colleagues at the University of Darmstadt in Germany. The definitive reference at the present time is a recent German text(1) which describes the first-order theory. For the analysis of cold-formed sections, second-order theory may be required and this is less well documented. This paper will attempt to describe the principles involved and illustrate them by means of some practical examples. GBT unifies the conventional theories for the analysis of prismatic thin-walled structural members within a consistent notation. It then extends them into new territory. Conventional beam theory …

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The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Lipped Channel Beams, P. Van Der Merwe, P. J. Bredenkamp, G. J. Van Den Berg Oct 1992

The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Lipped Channel Beams, P. Van Der Merwe, P. J. Bredenkamp, G. J. Van Den Berg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The findings of an investigation into the lateral buckling strength of cold-formed singly-symmetric stainless steel beams are reported in this study. The singly-symmetric sections under consideration were lipped channel sections fabricated from a modified AISI stainless steel Type 409 designated 3CR12, a ferritic corrosion resisting steel. The purpose of this study was to compare the experimental strengths of singly-symmetric sections to the theoretical predictions proposed by the new ASCE Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members. It was concluded in this investigation that the tangent modulus approach adopted in the design specification for stainless steels, compared well …

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Testing And Design Of Bolted Connections In Cold Formed Steel Sections, F. Zadanfarrokh, E. R. Bryan Oct 1992

Testing And Design Of Bolted Connections In Cold Formed Steel Sections, F. Zadanfarrokh, E. R. Bryan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A detailed analysis of the strength and rigidity of bolted connections in cold formed steel has been carried out. Design expressions are proposed that improve on the existing equations for bearing strength, and for the first time, quantify the rigidity of such connections. The effects on the design of bolted joints are described and it is shown how, by incorporating the proposed expressions, it is now possible to select the correct semirigid joint and achieve economy without having to resort to testing.

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Design Of C-Sections Against Deformational Lip Buckling, D. Buhagiar, J. C. Chapman, P. J. Dowling Oct 1992

Design Of C-Sections Against Deformational Lip Buckling, D. Buhagiar, J. C. Chapman, P. J. Dowling

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Deformational lip buckling is one of the considerations affecting the choice of cross-section dimensions which were adopted for the C-sectlon chord members of a space frame system. No guidance on lip buckling of channel sections is given in the current British design specification. A method was therefore required for determining the lip buckling resistance of the members when subjected to axial compression or bending. A design procedure was formulated in which the lips are represented as a strut on an elastic foundation, the stiffness of which depends on the deformational stiffness of the section. The critical buckling stress and the …

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New Asce Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Deck Slabs, Max L. Porter Oct 1992

New Asce Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Deck Slabs, Max L. Porter

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents highlights of the newly approved and printed ASCE Standard on the design and construction of composite floor deck slabs utilizing cold-formed steel. In 1992 four documents are being published including the following: • "Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs"--ASCE3-92, • "Standard Practice for Construction and Inspection of Composite Slabs"-ASCE9-92, and • A separate commentary on each of the two above Standards. These above four documents stem from a previously published ASCE Standard entitled "Specifications for the Design and Construction of Composite Slabs" and the associated commentary thereon. The Steel Deck with Concrete Committee of the …

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Recent Developments In Cold Formed Steel, Robert W. Dannemann Oct 1992

Recent Developments In Cold Formed Steel, Robert W. Dannemann

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

During the last fifteen years the author has been working in the development of new products in cold formed steel, mainly in building applications. Cold formed steel makes possible practically an infinite variety of shapes, one for each need and function. This possibility is a continuous challenge for designers in finding, among many alternatives, the optimal solution for each problem. The author describes briefly a set of six proposals, which are either an already tested and proven product, or just its phase of design. As in any human doing, the author is conscious that these proposals may be accomplished and …

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The 1989 Edition Of The Canadian Cold Formed Steel Design Standard, R. M. Schuster Oct 1992

The 1989 Edition Of The Canadian Cold Formed Steel Design Standard, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents excerpts from the latest edition of the Canadian Standard for the design of cold formed steel structural members (CAN/CSA-SI36-M89). Considerable technical changes, reflecting the latest research developments, have been incorporated into this edition of the Standard. These changes are based on an increased understanding of the behaviour of cold formed steel structures, members, and elements and of cold formed steel as a structural material. Some of the more significant technical changes of the Standard are discussed in greater detail. Comparisons with the Standard's predecessor (CAN3-S136-M84), and whenever appropriate, with the 1986 AISI Specifications are also made.

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Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features, J. Rhodes Oct 1992

Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of members composed of unstiffened elements is examined with reference to three different sets of test results, on angle section struts, Tee section beams and shallow Vee section beams. The test results are explained on the basis of fairly simple analysis, and the variations of the behaviour from that predicted by modem design codes is discussed.

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Tests On Full-Scale Roofing Systems, D. B. Moore Oct 1992

Tests On Full-Scale Roofing Systems, D. B. Moore

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This report details an experimental investigation on three full-scale, cold-formed steel roofing systems. The test programme included both uniformly and variably distributed loadings representative of drifting snow. Comparisons between the performance of each roof subject to these distributions are made and recommendations for the design of roofs loaded with variably distributed loads are presented. Finally observations on the tests to failure are discussed.

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Axial Load Capacity Of Sheeted Cold-Formed C And Z Members, Neil J. Glaser, Richard C. Kaehler, James M. Fisher Oct 1992

Axial Load Capacity Of Sheeted Cold-Formed C And Z Members, Neil J. Glaser, Richard C. Kaehler, James M. Fisher

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Design Provisions For Cold-Formed Steel Column And Beam Columns, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members Sep 1992

Design Provisions For Cold-Formed Steel Column And Beam Columns, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Racking Performance Of Plasterboard-Clad Steel Stud Walls, B. Golledge, T. Clayton, G. Reardon Aug 1992

Racking Performance Of Plasterboard-Clad Steel Stud Walls, B. Golledge, T. Clayton, G. Reardon

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

It is recognised that structural design efficiency in domestic and similar structures can be improved when the composite behaviour and contribution of all materials in the permanent structure can be fully recognised in the structural design of the frame. The ability to achieve this Improvement is currently limited by the need 10 rely on empirical test results for standardised building elements when considering the composite behaviour of the entire structure. The existing test methodology for determining the shear strength of plasterboard lined steel stud walls leads to an excessively conservative design of the complete structure. Since the test configuration is …

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Test Of A Full Scale Roof Truss, Yao - Jie Guo, Shan-Feng Fang Aug 1992

Test Of A Full Scale Roof Truss, Yao - Jie Guo, Shan-Feng Fang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In order to obtain information of ultimate capacity and destructive characteristics of a roof truss, the test of a full scale roof truss was carried out based on the test results this article has analysed the destructive mechanism and presented the suggestions of improvement to design and fabrication.

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Down-Aisle Stability Of Rack Structures, J. Michael Davies Aug 1992

Down-Aisle Stability Of Rack Structures, J. Michael Davies

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.

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