Structural Engineering Commons^™

Analysis Of Arm Movement Prediction By Using The Electroencephalography Signal, Reza Darmakusuma, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto, Adi Indrayanto, Tati Latifah Mengko, Lidwina Ayu Andarini, Achmad Furqon Idrus

Makara Journal of Technology

Various technological approaches have been developed in order to help those people who are unfortunate enough to be afflicted with different types of paralysis which limit them in performing their daily life activities independently. One of the proposed technologies is the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The BCI system uses electroencephalography (EEG) which is generated by the subject’s mental activity as input, and converts it into commands. Some previous experiments have shown the capability of the BCI system to predict the movement intention before the actual movement is onset. Thus research has predicted the movement by discriminating between data in the “rest” …

Texture Analysis Using The Neutron Diffraction Method On The Non Standardized Austenitic Steel Process By Machining,Annealing, And Rolling, Tri Hardi Priyanto, Parikin Parikin, Meijuan Li

Makara Journal of Technology

Austenitic steel is one type of stainless steel which is widely used in the industry. Many studies on austenitic stainless steel have been performed to determine the physical properties using various types of equipment and methods. In this study, the neutron diffraction method is used to characterize the materials which have been made from minerals extracted from the mines in Indonesia. The materials consist of a granular ferro-scrap, nickel, ferro-chrome, ferro-manganese, and ferro-silicon added with a little titanium. Characterization of the materials was carried out in three processes, namely: machining, annealing, and rolling. Experimental results obtained from the machining process …

Maneuverability Of Ships With Small Draught In Steady Wind, Daeng Paroka, Andi Haris Muhammad, Syamsul Asri

Makara Journal of Technology

Wind force and moment may force a ship to drastically decrease its speed and use a large drift angle as well as a large rudder angle in order to maintain its course. Ships with a small draught might have more risk in maneuvering to its point of view compared with a ship with a larger draught. This paper discusses maneuverability of a ship with a small draught in steady wind. The effect of wind on ship speed, drift angle, and rudder angle are investigated in a steady state condition. Five different ratios of wind velocity to ship speed from 1.0 …

A Comparison Of American, Norwegian, And Russian Standards In Calculating The Wall Thickness Of Submarine Gas Pipeline, Cindy Dianita, Tatyana Vladimirovna Dmitrieva

Makara Journal of Technology

One of the key issues in the pipeline design is wall thickness calculation. This paper highlights a comparison of wall thickness calculation methods of submarine gas pipeline based on Norwegian Standard (DNV-OS-F101), Indonesian Standard SNI 3474 which refers to American Standard (ASME B31.8), and Russian Standard (VN39-1.9-005-98). A calculation of wall thickness for a submarine gas pipeline in Indonesia (pressure 12 MPa, external diameter 668 mm) gives the results of 18.2 mm (VN39-1.9-005-98), 16 mm (ASME B31.8), and 13.5 mm (DNV-OS-F101).The design formula of hoop stress due to internal pressure is interpreted in different ways for every standard. Only Norwegian …

Design Live Load Factor Calibration For Michigan Highway Bridges, Christopher D. Eamon, Valid Kamjoo, Kazuhiko Shinki

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research Publications

In this study, a reliability-based calibration of live load factors for bridge design specific to the State of Michigan was conducted. Two years of high frequency WIM data from 20 representative state-wide sites were analyzed, and load effects were generated for bridge spans from 6 to 122 m (20 to 400 ft), considering simple and continuous moments and shears, as well as single lane and two lane effects. Seventy-five year statistics for maximum live load were then estimated with probabilistic projection. Bridge girders considered for the calibration included composite steel, prestressed concrete, side-by-side and spread box beams, as well as …

Field Tests Of Two Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges For Live Load Distribution And Moment Continuity, Christopher D. Eamon, Alaa Chehab, Gustavo Parra-Montesinos

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research Publications

Two similar bridges constructed with a live load continuous connection were tested for live load distribution and joint continuity. Girder distribution factors (GDFs) were compared to AASHTO equivalent values. For positive moments on all girders as for negative moments on interior girders, results using AASHTO equivalent GDFs were found to be generally conservative. However, for negative moments on exterior girders, test results exceeded AASHTO values, with 2-lane results significantly so. GDF results were verified with a FEA model, which produced similar behavior to the field tests. With respect to joint continuity, it is estimated that a simple span would produce …

Using Photovoltaics To Power Electrochemical Chloride Extraction From Concrete, Sean Bond, Lynette O'Callaghan, Niall Holmes Dr., Brian Norton

Conference papers

Corrosion of embedded steel in reinforced concrete (RC) is a world-wide problem, that reduces structural performance and lifespan. Chloride attack may be a result of seawater, de-icing salts or contaminated admixtures, brought on by ingress of chlorides into the concrete. Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) is a non-destructive treatment for contaminated RC structures, that due to uncertainty of treatment times and applied current densities, is only 50% effective. It is often diesel powered has an environmental impact and often very costly due to the long treatment times. To improve the efficiency of ECE the influences of concrete resistance, cement type and …

Structural Health Monitoring Of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels, Luca Letizia

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This work is focusing to study the structural behavior of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs). These COPVs are found in many engineering applications. In the aerospace field, they are installed onto spaceships and aid the reorientation of the spacecraft in very far and airless, therefore frictionless, orbits to save energy and fuel. The intent of this research is to analyze the difference in performance of both perfectly intact and purposely damaged tanks. Understanding both the source and location of a structural fault will help NASA engineers predict the performance of COPVs subject to similar conditions, which could prevent failures of …

Corrosion Protection Systems In Offshore Structures, Hristo Ivanov

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Corrosion plays a pivotal role in the engineering world. Engineers of all disciplines must consider the dangers that this phenomenon can incur. Interestingly, corrosion mitigation is not a topic that is addressed in most academic curricula. The goal of this paper is to give engineering students a brief introduction into corrosion and some of the prevention techniques commonly used today.

The design of a corrosion protection system for offshore structures is discussed in order to illustrate how these techniques can be utilized even in the most extreme environments. First, the driving force behind corrosion is examined, introducing the basic mechanics …

Improving Renewable Energy Transition Acceptance: A Simulation Gaming Approach On A Multi Actor Setting In The Netherlands, Aziiz Sutrisno, Jac A. M. Vennix, Noor Syaifudin

Makara Journal of Technology

The Netherlands have tried very hard to increase their renewable energy sources (RES) shares to fulfill the European Union target in 2050. However, RES performance did not show the expected result as the performance declined in 2009 producing even wider gap compare to the target. The Dutch government’s tried to incorporate all interested stakeholders by forming the Dutch energy transition task force. Nevertheless, the task force’s result is also not showing a desirable trend. Key reasons behind the Dutch low RES performance are the lack of shared understanding and positive attitude toward RES development among interested actors. This research uses …

Dual-Band Singly-Fed Proximity-Coupled Tip-Truncated Triangular Patch Array For Land Vehicle Mobile System, Basari Basari, Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper proposes a dual-band left-handed circularly polarized triangular-patch array that is developed for land vehicle mobile system aimed at mobile satellite communications. The array consists of six tip-truncated triangular patches, which the first three patches are used for reception and the second three patches are used for transmission purpose. Each of three-patches has a beam pattern that can be switched in three different 120°-coverage beam in azimuth-cut plane at a minimum targeted gain at a desired elevation angle. The targeted minimum gain of the array is 5 dBic, in order for data communications with a large geostationary satellite can …

Improvement Of Quality Of Carica Papaya L. With Clove Oil As Preservative In Edible Coating Technology, Eny Kusrini, Anwar Usman, Chrispine Deksita Wisakanti, Rita Arbianti, Dedy Alharis Nasution

Makara Journal of Technology

We have studied utilization of essential clove oil, extracted from clove buds by hydrodistillation, as preservative in edible packaging technology. Preservative of essential clove oil was applied on chopped papaya fruits by using two methods, namely spray and brush. The effects of concentration of clove oil from 0.05 to 0.20% on the preservation of papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) at room temperature (25 °C) were also evaluated. Physicochemical and in vitro microbiological activities on the papaya fruits that were stored at 25 oC and 85-90% relative humidity were investigated in details. The results indicate that the clove oil at concentration …

Calibration Of Numerical Model For Shoreline Change Prediction Using Satellite Imagery Data, Sigit Sutikno, Keisuke Murakami, Dwi Puspo Handoyo, Manyuk Fauzi

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper presents a method for calibration of numerical model for shoreline change prediction using satellite imagery data in muddy beach. Tanjung Motong beach, a muddy beach that is suffered high abrasion in Rangsang Island, Riau province, Indonesia was picked as study area. The primary numerical modeling tool used in this research was GENESIS (GENEralized Model for Simulating Shoreline change), which has been successfully applied in many case studies of shoreline change phenomena on a sandy beach.The model was calibrated using two extracted coastlines satellite imagery data, such as Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS. The extracted coastline data were analyzed …

Independency Of Elasticity On Residual Stress Of Room Temperature Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Plates For Structure Materials, Parikin Parikin, David Allen

Makara Journal of Technology

Mechanical strengths of materials are widely expected in general constructions of any building. These properties depend on its formation (cold/hot forming) during fabrication. This research was carried out on cold-rolled stainless steel (SS) 304 plates, which were deformed to 0, 34, 84, and 152% reduction in thickness. The tests were conducted using Vickers method. Ultra micro indentation system (UMIS) 2000 was used to determine the mechanical properties of the material, i.e.: hardness, modulus elasticity, and residual stresses. The microstructures showed lengthening outcropping due to stress corrosion cracking for all specimens. It was found that the tensile residual stress in a …

Oxidation Process Of H 2 O /Uv For Cod Reduction Of Wastewater From Soybean Tofu Production, Komala Pontas, Abrar Muslim

Makara Journal of Technology

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction of wastewater from soybean tofu production was studied by conducting advanced oxidation process (AOP) using hydrogen peroxide with UV radiation catalysts in a closed cylindrical glass reactor. The hydroxyl radical (*OH) concentration from H2O2 decomposition was modeled, and exponential trends were found for the *OH concentration over radiation time and operation temperature. As a result, it was found that the maximal *OH concentration was 0.209 mol L-1 at 240 minutes and 50 °C. The *OH concentration exponentially increased following rise in operation temperature. The H2O2/UV AOP application reduced COD concentration to approximately 42.41% from 10,545 …

Uplift Of Shoreline Regions On Pagai Island Due To The September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Earthquake Captured By Sar Image, Ashar Muda Lubis

Makara Journal of Technology

At least 25 people were killed by the September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake, and many buildings were destroyed in Bengkulu and West Sumatra provinces. It is very important to estimate the earth surface deformation due to the earthquake to understand the rupture size and its process. The aim of this research is to estimate the shoreline change and vertical displacement on Pagai Island associated with the September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake. The intensity of ALOS-PALSAR satellite images is used to access the pattern of displacement. The result shows that Pagai Island demonstrated huge uplift due to …

Effect Of Fly Ash Fortification In The Manufacture Process Of Making Concrete Towards Characteristics Of Concrete In Sulfuric Acid Solution, Asep Handaya Saputra, Muhammad Shohibi, Masatoshi Kubouchi

Makara Journal of Technology

Fly ash is a silica or alumino silica material that can be used as a constituent of cement in the concrete manufacturing process. Utilization of fly ash aims to improve durability and minimize the reduction of concrete’s compressive strength exposed to an acidic environment, which can be achieved through the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash with Ca(OH)2 within concrete. The reduced content of Ca(OH)2 through pozzolanic reaction will minimize the tendency of ettringite formation (compounds that cause deterioration and decrease the compressive strength of concrete). In order to determine the relation between fly ash replenishment into concrete with concrete’s characteristics …

Cultural Change Through Bim: Driving Lean Transformation In Education, Avril Behan, Malachy Mathews, Kevin Furlong, Ciara Ahern, Una Beagon, Peter Brennan, Colin Conway, Lee Corcoran, Pierce Fahy, Alan Hore, Barry Mcauley, Trevor Woods

Conference papers

This paper presents a case study of how the adoption of BIM-based practices in the AECO industry is being reflected by cultural change in higher education in Ireland. The silo-mentality that has dominated the AECO sector for more than a century has, despite numerous reorganisations, been replicated in the structures of educational institutions, including in Dublin Institute of Technology since the inception of its founding colleges in the late 1800s. Most AECO programmes must include content that is external to the programme’s specific discipline. Through the School structures of the Institute, delivery of such content is known as "service teaching" …

Application Of Fiscal Incentives For Development Of East Natuna Gas Field For Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand, Marwan Batubara, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, Akhmad Fauzi

Makara Journal of Technology

East Natuna gas field, which has proven reserves of 46 trillion cubic feet, is projected to meet long-term natural gas needs. However, CO2-content of the gas reserves reaches 71%, leading to expensive development costs. This research investigates the feasibility of the field based on several fiscal incentives. Firstly, gas supply-demand until year 2040 was analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the field was developed using high CO2 gas separation technology to produce gas of 1300 MMSCFD in 2023, 2600 MMSCFD in 2031, and 3900 MMSCFD in 2039. Finally, the economic feasibility was assessed using cash flow analysis in accordance with …

Thermodynamic Analysis Of Irreversible Heat-Transformers, Niccolo` Giannetti, Arnas Arnas, Andrea Rocchetti, Kiyoshi Saito

Makara Journal of Technology

Absorption heat transformers extend the possibilities for efficient and environment-friendly energy conversion processes. Based on a general thermodynamic model of three-thermal cycles with finite thermal capacity of the heat sources, this paper is intent upon analyzing and optimizing the performance of absorption heat transformers, by including the influence of irreversibility in the analytical expression of the system efficiency. Dimensionless parameters for an overall optimization are defined and a first screening is performed to clarify their influence. Dependence on the main factors is highlighted to suggest how to change them in order to enhance the whole system performance. Under this point …

A New Method For Simulating Power Flow Density Focused By A Silicon Lens Antenna Irradiated With Linearly Polarized Thz Wave, Catur Apriono, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Norihisa Hiromoto

Makara Journal of Technology

A terahertz system uses dielectric lens antennas for focusing and collimating beams of terahertz wave radiation. Linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation has been widely applied in the terahertz system. Therefore, an accurate method for analyzing the power flow density in the dielectric lens antenna irradiated with the linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation is important to design the terahertz systems. In optics, ray-tracing method has been used to calculate the power flow density by a number density of rays. In this study, we propose a method of ray-tracing combined with Fresnel’s transmission, including transmittance and polarization of the terahertz wave radiation …

High Temperature Corrosion Of Aluminized Aisi 4130 Steel With The Different Composition Of Nacl/Na2so4 Deposits, Mohammad Badaruddin, Chaur Jeng Wang, Yudhistyra Saputra, Abu Khalid Rivai

Makara Journal of Technology

The high temperature corrosion of AISI 4130 steel can be increased by hot-dip aluminizing coating. The aluminized steel specimens with the deposit composition of 100/0, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 0/100 (wt.%) NaCl/Na2SO4 were oxidized at 750 °C for 1-49 h periods. According to a parabolic rate constant (kp) value, the aluminized steel with deposit composition of 70/30 NaCl/Na2SO4 shows the highest kp value (3.71 × 10-11 g2cm- 4s-1), later followed by the kp value of 3.35 × 10-11 g2cm-4s-1 for 100/0 and the lowest kp value is 7.731 × 10-12 g2cm-4s-1 for 0/100. Whereas, the kp value for the aluminized …

Effects Of Supplier-Manufacturer Relationships On Supply-Chain Performance Of Manufacturing Industries In Indonesia, Rachmad Hidayat, Khisbullah Hudha, Sabarudin Akhmad

Makara Journal of Technology

The present study describes the relationships between commitment, communication, satisfaction, trust, relationship quality with suppliers, and supply-chain performance. The population of the study was manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Respondents were the chief executive officers or corporate secretaries or the designated managers involved in strategic decision making. Samples were taken by using a proportional area random sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for analysis. Results of both direct and indirect testing of hypothesis indicated two hypotheses of positive and significant effects and nine hypotheses of positive but insignificant effects. Those hypotheses of positive and significant effects were the direct …

Stochastic Optimization Of Supply Chain Risk Measures –A Methodology For Improving Supply Security Of Subsidized Fuel Oil In Indonesia, Adinda Yuanita, Andi Noorsaman Sommeng, Anondho Wijonarko

Makara Journal of Technology

Monte Carlo simulation-based methods for stochastic optimization of risk measures is required to solve complex problems in supply security of subsidized fuel oil in Indonesia. In order to overcome constraints in distribution of subsidized fuel in Indonesia, which has the fourth largest population in the world—more than 250,000,000 people with 66.5% of productive population, and has more than 17,000 islands with its population centered around the nation's capital only—it is necessary to have a measurable and integrated risk analysis with monitoring system for the purpose of supply security of subsidized fuel. In consideration of this complex issue, uncertainty and probability …

Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization Of High-Temperatur Oxidation Of Fe-20cr-5al Alloy Prepared By Focused Ion Beam Technique, Mohammad Dani, Pudji Untoro, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Parikin Parikin, Joachim Mayer, Arbi Dimyati

Makara Journal of Technology

The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied for cross section preparation of the oxidized alloy for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study. Prior to preparation, the specimens of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy sheet were oxidized in air at 1200 oC for 2 minutes, 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 100 hours. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized using TEM equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine of the light elements. The TEM investigation reveals remarkable microstructure evolution of the specimens during oxidation which generally exhibit a typical multi-layer …

Power Maximization Of A Three-Phase Hydrokinetic Turbine, Matthew Carleson

Senior Theses

As Earth`s expendable resources dwindle, the need for alternative, renewable energy sources grows. Out of this need, an old favorite source is rising in popularity: small water turbines. Water-driven turbines first began as a means for turning mills and eventually evolved into massive dams that can power whole regions. This project focused on the construction of, and testing the properties of, a small pico-hydro power turbine. By using compressed air to drive the turbine, a representation of the peak power output was measured, serving as a basis for determining the value of pico-power systems in regards to the world`s current …

Phonon-Drag Contribution To Seebeck Coefficient Of Ge-On-Insulator Substrate Fabricated By Wafer Bonding Process, Veerappan Manimuthu, Shoma Yoshida, Yuhei Suzuki, Faiz Salleh, Mukannan Arivanandhan, Yoshinari Kamakura, Yasuhiro Hayakawa, Hiroya Ikeda

Makara Journal of Technology

In order to build high-sensitivity infrared photodetectors using SiGe nanowires, we investigate the thermoelectric characteristics of Ge-on-insulator (GOI) layers as a reference for SiGe. We fabricate p-type GOI substrates with an impurity concentration of 1016-1018cm-3 by a wafer-bonding process using Ge and oxidized Si wafers. Annealing treatment is performed in order to further increase the bonding strength of Ge/SiO2 interface. We measure the Seebeck coefficient in the temperature range of 290-350 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the GOI layers is very close to the theoretical value for Ge, calculated on the basis of carrier transport. Hence, there is a small …

Group Decisions In Value Management, Christiono Utomo, Farida Murti, Arazi Idrus

Makara Journal of Technology

This research deals with a technique to expedite group decision making during the selection of technical solutions for value management process. Selection of a solution from a set of alternatives is facilitated by evaluating using multicriteria decision making techniques. During the process, every possible solution is rated on criteria of function and cost. Function deals more with quality than with quantity, and cost can be calculated based on the theoretical time value of money. Decision-making techniques based on satisfying games are applied to determine the relative function and cost of solutions and hence their relative value. The functions were determined …

Fiber Optic Ring Resonator Sensor Detection Technique Based On Spectral Intensity Integration, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Sasono Rahardjo, Gunawan Witjaksono, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Resonant field phenomenon in optical ring resonator has been a major theme for various studies and can be used for various sensor applications. The spectral response shape changes are subjects to be discussed and analyzed for detection in optical sensor system. The spectral response changes are caused by various factors ranging from refractive index of the surrounding medium, medium loss due to absorption and scattering, and coupling variation between waveguides. These optical phenomena are mostly used for bio-sensor applications, since it is free from electromagnetic interference (EMI) and non-physically destructive. In this paper, we discuss our current research in developing …

Seebeck Coefficient Of Soi Layer Induced By Phonon Transport, Faiz Salleh, Takuro Oda, Yuhei Suzuki, Yoshinari Kamakura, Hiroya Ikeda

Makara Journal of Technology

The Seebeck coefficient of a patterned Si wire on P-doped SOI (Si-on-insulator) layer with a carrier concentration of 1018 cm-3 was measured near room temperature. The Seebeck coefficient is found to be smaller than that in the SOI layer and to be closer to the calculated Seebeck coefficient including the electronic contribution. The decrease in the Seebeck coefficient of Si wire is likely to occur due to the elimination of the contribution of phonon drag part. From the theoretical calculation of scattering rates by considering the scattering processes in phonon system, it is considered that an increase in phonon-boundary scattering …