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Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau
Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A new coring technique is described for the sampling of highly altered rock. This and an innovative field survey method were developed to supply valid and representative data for numerical modelling of openings in this soil-like material. The results were not only reflective of in situ behaviour, but successful enough to be adopted for the sampling and modelling of other highly altered surface crown pillar masses, mining structures in need of better design methods.
Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel
Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper presents a case study of a hill which developed signs of distress in 1979-80. Retaining and breast walls provided at many locations on the hill had been damaged and laterally shifted, indicating some movement in the hill. It created anxiety since big water tanks were supported on top of the bill. The distress in the bill were attributed to poor drainage of hill water, weaker sections of walls, dumping of loose lateritic material on the slopes, formation of erosion gullies etc. The bill was stabilized by removing these signs of distress with suitable remedial measures which are functioning …
Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau
Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The failure of a 3 m x 4 m transport tunnel constructed below a dolomite stockpile has been investigated. It was found that the cracking of the reinforced concrete lining had most likely been caused by lateral distortion (sidesway) of the tunnel. The transverse shears across the tunnel roof and in the residual soil below the stockpile caused by the sloping stockpile were very high. The average shear stress even exceeded the shear strength of the weathered material around the tunnel. It is thus important to consider the transverse shear forces across the roof slab and the horizontal shear stresses …
Foundation Failures Associated With Salt Rock And Surrounding Coastal Plain, A. Orhan Erol, Abdulmohsin W. Dhowian
Foundation Failures Associated With Salt Rock And Surrounding Coastal Plain, A. Orhan Erol, Abdulmohsin W. Dhowian
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A detailed investigation has been conducted to study the causes of severe and widespread damages in a town situated on a salt dome. The study includes a thorough assessment of ground conditions in the coastal plain surrounding the salt dome for possible utilization of the plain as redevelopment areas. Major geological features in the study area comprised of collapsible windblown sands which are underlain by salt rock in the old town and soft/loose sabkha deposits in the proposed redevelopment zones. It has been found that the extensive damages in the buildings and roads are primarily due to subsidence phenomenon associated …
Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen
Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
As a result of considering the historical aspects in Cairo subsoil at different stages of its development, soil deposits in the alluvial plain in Cairo area could be identified and classified on their origin into limited number of major types. Their distribution could be produced on maps on which classes of engineering significance are recognized. The boundaries between map units have been drawn separating areas of equal origin and characteristics. Verification of soil profile from field investigation indicated complete agreement with the previous characterization based on theoretical considerations.
Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh
Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Johnston City, a small community in southern Illinois, lies above the Herrin (Illinois No. 6) coal seam. The community has experienced sporadic episodes of surface subsidence due to the collapse of underground mines since the 1930's. Although the mining company left a large block of coal beneath the town's elementary school to prevent subsidence damage to the structure, large cracks appeared in the school building in December, 1971. After the building was razed, construction of a new school was initiated in 1974. Approximately six months after the start of construction, new evidence of structural distress was observed in 'the still-uncompleted …
Microseismic Activity In An Open Pit Lignite Mine, J. M. Descour, R. J. Miller
Microseismic Activity In An Open Pit Lignite Mine, J. M. Descour, R. J. Miller
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An increased level of horizontal stress related to tectonic forces is often held responsible for unexpectedly strong mining induced seismicity. The authors use the Belchatow open pit lignite 'mine in central Poland to show that this seismicity can be explained without tectonic forces as well. The presented approach should offer affordable ways of detecting the problem before it occurs, and either preventing it or controlling its scale.
On A New Problem Of High-Speed Landslides, Hu Guangtao
On A New Problem Of High-Speed Landslides, Hu Guangtao
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper has discussed the problem proposed about multiple stroke of high-speed landslides its multiple strokes 1 change of energy, and overstepping gas billows spattered with mud.
Performance Of Some Tunnels In Squeezing Rocks Of Himalayas, T. Ramamurthy, V. M. Sharma
Performance Of Some Tunnels In Squeezing Rocks Of Himalayas, T. Ramamurthy, V. M. Sharma
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Data regarding the performance of three tunnelling projects in the Himalayan region has been collected. It is seen that rock loads or deformations calculated on the basis of Barton, Bieniawski or RMR approach do not match the field data. A mathematical model has been developed incorporating modifications in the approach of Brown et.al of rock-support interaction, using elastic-strain softening-plastic ground characteristics. A non-linear relationship between radial and tangential strains around the tunnel has been considered and the method of calculation of stresses and deformations altered to incorporate exact integration of the governing differential equation for a thin cylindrical annulus replacing …
Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh
Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A large power house cavern (22m x 50m x 250m) is proposed to be excavated for installing a 1000 MW hydroelectric power plant for Tehri Dam Project. The gorge chosen for the dam is very narrow and the topography is rugged and inhospitable. This dampened the process of preconstruction investigations. A number of tunnels were constructed for various project structures in the vicinity of the cavern. This provided an excellent opportunity to study the rock mass behaviour. Tunnel closure and rock loads were monitored with the help of instruments. Deformation moduli were also determined for different rock grades with the …
Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer
Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Kirkwood Penstock, located in a deep, steep-sided canyon near .Yosemite National Park, California, is an integral part of the Hetch Hetchy system, which conveys water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the city of San Francisco, California. A heavy rainfall approximately 17 years following construction of the facility triggered settlement of the foundation. Measures undertaken to arrest this settlement included consolidation grouting, construction of facilities to divert surface runoff away from the penstock, and installation of a geomembrane to prevent infiltration of rainfall and snow melt in the vicinity of the penstock. No evidence of further settlement has been detected …
The Successful Construction Of A High Gravity Dam On Complex Rock Formation, Lu Jiayou, Mei Jianyun
The Successful Construction Of A High Gravity Dam On Complex Rock Formation, Lu Jiayou, Mei Jianyun
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents an analysis of the stability against sliding of a gravity dam built on a layered rock formation. During the design of this dam, detailed studies of the dam foundation were carried out from a viewpoint of rock mechanics, including laboratory and in-situ tests of the mechanical properties of rocks, calculations by the theory of limit equilibrium and FEM, as well as model tests. Based on these studies, the dam type was selected.
Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko
Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes a case study in which a geotechnical investigation encountered complex subsurface conditions requiring geophysical methods to supplement test boring data. Electromagnetic (EM) and seismic refraction methods were used to model subsurface conditions at the site of a proposed three-story office building. The three investigative techniques used in this study all revealed bedrock to be at a shallow depth. The test borings provided vertical resolution while the EM and seismic studies yielded lateral resolution. Good correlation was achieved when comparing the results of each method. The EM and seismic methods in conjunction with a test boring program can …
A Finite Element Analysis Of The Utah "Thistle" Failure, Blaine D. Leonard, Joseph M. Olsen
A Finite Element Analysis Of The Utah "Thistle" Failure, Blaine D. Leonard, Joseph M. Olsen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In the Spring of 1983, a large landslide occurred near the town of Thistle, Utah which blocked major transportation routes and impounded the Spanish Fork River, inundating the town with 200 feet of water. While much attention has been given to the slide and its impact, very little has been directed toward a quantitative understanding of its causes. An analysis was performed of the Thistle landslide using the SEEPSLOPE finite element system in order to evaluate the mechanisms, factors, and causes of the failure. An elastic, perfectly-plastic stress-strain curve was employed in the analysis to model the behavior of the …
Case History Of A Partially Underground Power House, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya
Case History Of A Partially Underground Power House, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In the normal rock conditions, conventional type surface power houses have been built, whereas in structurally sound rock with sufficient rock cover, underground power houses have been attempted in India. The geological uncertainties plays major role in deciding the type of power house at a particular site. While in the surface type conventional power house huge excavation and concreting are involved, the access to the power house involves major work in the case of underground power house. There are very little examples when semi underground type of power houses have been attempted in India. The Mahi power house-II of Rajasthan …
Case Studies On Long-Term Settlement Of Soft Clay Ground, Yoshihiko Tanabashi, Hidetoshi Ochiai, Yoshinori Saitoh, Kazuya Yasuhara
Case Studies On Long-Term Settlement Of Soft Clay Ground, Yoshihiko Tanabashi, Hidetoshi Ochiai, Yoshinori Saitoh, Kazuya Yasuhara
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two case histories on long-term settlements of Ariake clay which is counted as one of the soft clays in Japan are described. The one of them is to report the settlement which have been observed over 25 years since construction of embankment for breakwater on the coastal Ariake deposit. The another case history is concerned with the settlement of low embankment highway on Ariake clay whose shallow surface was improved by quickline-clay mixture as a countermeasure for the settlement. The current paper is featured by the fact that the predominant secondary settlement is common with two case histories. The finite …
Cracking Studies At Sand H Basin By The Finite Element Method, Trevor Smith, Clifton E. Deal
Cracking Studies At Sand H Basin By The Finite Element Method, Trevor Smith, Clifton E. Deal
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An existing 30 feet high debris basin embankment has been found to be severely cracked longitudinally. Few investigations or analysis of longitudinal cracking are reported. This paper presents the results of a finite element analysis using in situ properties of the soils and gives recommendations for future use of the FEM for cracking studies at existing dams.
Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain
Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Vertical compressional data obtained from 10 earth and earth rock fill darns built in India has been analysed for during construction and post-construction response. The performance of these darns has been compared with some darns built in USA wherein the construction practices have been similar. The contributions of various factors, namely height of embankment, gradation and plasticity of soil, and placement conditions of moisture and density have been examined. A major portion of the total compression occurred by the end of construction. These compressions were found to be the functions of the height of the embankment. Both the compressions across …
Design And Construction Of Geocell Mattress As Embankment Foundation, Alistair J. T. Gilchrist
Design And Construction Of Geocell Mattress As Embankment Foundation, Alistair J. T. Gilchrist
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the use of a high strength Geocell mattress as a new solution to the problem of the construction of embankments on soft foundations. The paper deals in detail with the design of the Geocell mattress to support and distribute the imposed loading onto soft foundation. It considers the plastic condition of the soft clay to determine the factor of safety against foundation failure. Two case studies will be examined to illustrate the construction techniques. Monitoring of settlement during construction of the Geocell and during embankment filling is compared with predicted values.
Design And Performance Of Arena Dam, James R. Schneider, Roger W. Lindquist, George K. Sammy
Design And Performance Of Arena Dam, James R. Schneider, Roger W. Lindquist, George K. Sammy
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Arena Dam is located in north-central Trinidad, West Indies. The dam forms a 35,000-acre-foot reservoir, which serves as the main raw water storage facility for Trinidad. The 1.6-million-cubic-yard earthfill embankment has a crest elevation 80 feet above the original streambed. The upstream-sloping core is composed of dispersive clay. The shells are composed of compacted fine sand and silty fine sand. The dam is founded on deep, stiff, fissured clay deposits interbedded with sand. The project is located approximately 12 miles from the El Pilar Fault, a major Caribbean fault with seismic activity comparable to that of the San Andreas Fault …
Evaluation Of The Failure Of An Important Dike In The Netherlands, J. Dekker
Evaluation Of The Failure Of An Important Dike In The Netherlands, J. Dekker
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Flood embankments are extensively used in the lower Meuse-Rhine delta to contain the rivers & to protect the towns & the polders below mean sea level. Stability of these embankments is by their nature crucially important & has to be considered under a variety of conditions, from their staged construction or strengthening to their long term behaviour. ln 1984 the landside slope of such a recently heightened & enlarged embankments constructed on a weak post-glacial peat & clay deposit, failed over a length of about 100 m causing the demolition of 4 houses & necessitating extensive stabilization works. A precise …
Hydrostatic Pressure At A Soil-Structure Interface, R. Craig Findlay
Hydrostatic Pressure At A Soil-Structure Interface, R. Craig Findlay
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A case history of hydrostatic pressure development along the soil-structure interfaces of a water retaining structure is discussed in this paper to illustrate the use of instrumentation to verify expected performance during construction. For the project described, the development of hydrostatic pressure along the soil-structure interface during and after head pond watering was monitored using pneumatic piezometers. Monitoring of the piezometers detected a high hydrostatic pressure caused by a leaky contraction joint seal. Subsequent repair of the seal reduced water levels along the interface to expected levels, resulting in successful operation of the facility.
Iron Gates Ii: Design And Performance Of Dams – Geotechnical Considerations, I. I. Corda
Iron Gates Ii: Design And Performance Of Dams – Geotechnical Considerations, I. I. Corda
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The first part of this paper briefly presents the concept of design and construction of the Iron Gates II dams. The paper will concentrate on the works performed by the author for geotechnical investigations concerning the foundation and embankment materials. Based on the in situ investigations and large scale laboratory test data the numerical analysis for earth darn was carried out. In the second part, the observation and instrumented behaviour of foundations material were related to particular aspects: river left bank instability and earth dam connection; foundation rebound during excavation for concrete structures; settlements, pore pressures and total pressures monitoring …
Overview Of Highland Valley Tailings Storage Facility, M. D. Scott, E. J. Klohn, R. C. Lo, Ken K. Lum
Overview Of Highland Valley Tailings Storage Facility, M. D. Scott, E. J. Klohn, R. C. Lo, Ken K. Lum
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents key features of the Highland Valley tailings storage facility comprising two tailings dams, a 107 m high H-H Dam and a 166 m high L-L Dam. The construction history to date including instrumentation observations is also reviewed. Although the tailings facility is situated in a low to moderate seismic area within the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, potential earthquake sources that might have an impact on the site have been carefully assessed. Both dams are designed to have adequate seismic resistance against design earthquakes appropriate for the site. The L-L Dam valley section, involving soft lacustrine deposits …
Performance Evaluation Of Rarem Dam, M. C. Goel, Djoko Mudjihardjo
Performance Evaluation Of Rarem Dam, M. C. Goel, Djoko Mudjihardjo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
28.0 m high zoned Rarem dam in Indonesia was instrumented with hydraulic piezometers, electrical Carlson type piezometers Cassagrande type vertical stand pipe piezometers, inclinometers, and surface settlement points. The analysis of observational data has indicated that settlement took place almost simultaneously with construction of dam and reservoir filling. Very low construction pore pressures were observed and phreatic line developed almost simultaneously with reservoir filling. The results of efficiency of grout curtain based on electrical analogy model studies are also discussed in the paper.
Performance Of A Harbor Embankment, D. G. Anderson, J. G. Dehner, T. B. King
Performance Of A Harbor Embankment, D. G. Anderson, J. G. Dehner, T. B. King
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An instrumentation program to monitor deformations and pore pressures in foundation soils during construction of a container wharf and backlands fill at the Port of Los Angeles is described in this paper. Inclinometers, vertical settlement systems, and pneumatic pore-pressure transducers were used to monitor the performance of a silty clay during various phases of container wharf and backlands construction. Results of the monitoring program and their impacts on wharf construction are presented and discussed. Instrumentation program refinements that were required during data gathering and interpretation are also noted.
Performance Of An Instrumented Earth Dam With Fat Clay Core, T. S. Mathur, R. M. Willis
Performance Of An Instrumented Earth Dam With Fat Clay Core, T. S. Mathur, R. M. Willis
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Heavily instrumented dams are unusual in the Midwestern United States. Council Bluff Dam, Missouri, USA has an embankment that provides monitoring by piezometers, inclinometer, settlement plates, earth pressure cells, extensometers, tiltmeters, and datum plates. The collection, evaluation, and discussion of the data and instruments give insight into embankment performance. Emphasis has been placed on monitoring after construction.
The Behaviour In Time Of Ripa Albastra Dam Impervious Bentonitic Core, Aurel I. Hârsulesca
The Behaviour In Time Of Ripa Albastra Dam Impervious Bentonitic Core, Aurel I. Hârsulesca
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper presents the results of laboratory and field research, the execution and behaviour under operation of the Rîpa Albastră earth dam, the first Romanian dam with an impervious core achieved by the mechanical mixture of fine-medium sands and bentonite. The dam structure and the geomorphological condition in the area are described. Further, the types of soils extracted from the dam quarry are described, together with their outstanding geotechnical characteristics in both natural and compacted state. The paper continues by describing the physico-chemical properties of seven Romanian bentonites used in laboratory tests, as compared to some foreign bentonites of notoriety, …
The Probability Of Failure Of An In Stages Constructed Embankment On Soft Soil, R. J. Termaat, E. O. F. Calle, R. O. Petschl
The Probability Of Failure Of An In Stages Constructed Embankment On Soft Soil, R. J. Termaat, E. O. F. Calle, R. O. Petschl
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
During construction of the first one of a twin dam in the Oosterschelde basin several instabilities occurred. Design of the construction plan of the dam was based on classical methods of analysis of stability and usually applied safety criteria. Back analysis of the failures consisted of a probabilistic analysis, indicating high overall probabilities of failure, and FEM analysis, indicating areas of large plastic deformation of the subsoil, caused by the steep setup of the sandfill in 'the initial construction stage, resulting in too concentrated surcharge. Based on these results, it was decided to apply these methods of analysis from the …
Unusual Behaviour Of An Earth-Rockhill Dam, D. Abolhassani, F. Bahrami-Samani, R. P. Brenner
Unusual Behaviour Of An Earth-Rockhill Dam, D. Abolhassani, F. Bahrami-Samani, R. P. Brenner
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The post-construction behaviour of a 47.5 m high and 700 m long earth-rockfill dam, located in northwestern Iran, is described. The embankment dam is founded on Tertiary rock on both abutments, but in the river channel it rests on alluvial deposits of variable composition and thickness. Since the first impoundment, the dam has undergone large deformations, both in vertical and in horizontal directions. These have resulted in unusual differential settlements, visible along the crest, and have produced wide longitudinal cracks in the asphalt pavement of the crest road. The principle features of the dam are described and selected monitoring results …