Civil Engineering Commons^™

Impact Of Water Content On The Performance Of Alkali-Activated Slag Concretes, Susan A. Bernal, John L. Provis, Jannie S.J. Van Deventer

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

In this study, we report the effect of varying the water/binder (w/b) ratio on the performance of sodium silicate activated concretes. Compressive strength development and water transport properties of these concretes were assessed, along with their resistance to carbonation. The results demonstrate that varying the water content within a reasonable range induced negligible changes in the compressive strengths of these concretes, when a constant paste content was used. A direct correlation between the w/b ratio and the amount of permeable voids in the concretes was not identified. The carbonation behaviour of these concretes changes prominently depending on the CO2 concentration …

Internal Curing By Sap In Ultra-High Strength Concrete With Cement-Silica Fume-Fly Ash Binder, Jianhui Liu, Caijun Shi, Xianwei Ma

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Super-absorbed polymer (SAP) is an effective internal curing materials for reducing autogenous shrinkage and improving cracking resistance of ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC). This study investigated the compressive strength, shrinkage properties of UHSC with cement–silica fume–fly ash binder. The composition of the binder was designed using seven-batch factorial design method. The relationships between the binder composition and the properties were expressed in contours. Results showed that, silica fume could improve the compressive strength and total shrinkage of UHSC. However fly ash reduced the compressive strength and total shrinkage of UHSC to certain extent. On the other hand, under the internal curing of …

Design Of Ternary Blend High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes Using Hydrated Lime, Chamila Gunasekara, David Law, Sujeeva Setunge

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The increase of carbon emission due to annual growth of Portland cement (PC) production has enforced research into the development of sustainable green concrete using a range of readily available industrial waste materials. The present study is focused on developing two high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes with cement replacement levels 65% (HVFA‒65) and 80% (HVFA‒80). Initially, the required lime for both HVFA concrete mixes were determined, and then the optimized mix design identified, based on 28-day strength, by varying the fly ash‒lime combination. The optimized mixes achieved a compressive strength of 53MPa and 40MPa, for HVFA‒65 and HVFA‒80 concretes, …

Compressive Strength, Free Expansion And Shrinkage Of Expansive Concrete Containing Fly Ash, Warangkana Saengsoy, Rachot Chatchawan, Somnuk Tangtermsirikul

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study is aimed to investigate effect of fly ash on compressive strength, free expansion and shrinkage of expansive concrete. High CaO and low CaO fly ashes are used in this study. The replacement percentages of total binders by fly ash are 0 and 30% by weight. The replacements of expansive additive are 0, 20 and 30 kg/m³ of concrete. The test results revealed that the use of fly ash especially the high CaO fly ash can enhance expansion of expansive concrete at early age. The use of fly ash also reduces shrinkage at long term of the expansive …

Carbonation In Alternative Cementitious Materials: Implications On Durability And Mechanical Properties, Prasanth Alapati, Kimberly E. Kurtis Dr.

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Understanding the rate and implications of carbonation on strength and durability in alternative cementitious materials (ACMs) is critical in designing ‘green’ concretes for intended service lives. In this paper, three commercially available ACMs, including one calcium aluminate cement (CAC), one calcium sulfoaluminate belite cement (CSA), and one alkali-activated binder using class C fly ash (AA), were evaluated against one portland cement (OPC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to understand the effect of carbonation on ACM paste composition. Water sorption tests on both carbonated and uncarbonated cement mortar showed a significant reduction in porosity of this …

Effects Of Temperature And Curing Duration On The Stability Of Slag Cements In Combined Chloride-Sulphate Environments, Joseph Onah Ukpata, P. A. M. Basheer, Leon Black

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This experimental study investigates the effects of temperature and curing duration on the stability of slag blended cement systems exposed at 20 °C and 38 °C to combined sodium chloride (30 g/L) – sodium sulphate (3 g/L) solutions. Two slags, designated as slag 1 and 2, having CaO/SiO₂ ratios of 1.05 and 0.94, were respectively blended with Portland cement CEM I 52.5R at 30 wt.% replacement level. Mortar prisms and cubes with w/b ratio of 0.5 and binder/aggregate ratio of 1:3 were then prepared for length and mass changes. The samples were cured in lime water for either 7 …

Impact Of Chemical Compositions On Mechanical Properties Of Modified Asphalt Binders, Mohammad Nazmul Hassan

Student Theses and Dissertations

Modified asphalt binders offer better mechanical performance in field conditions. According to many researchers, nanoclay modified asphalt binders can be a cheaper alternative of currently practiced polymer modified binders. The primary purpose of this study was to observe any changes in asphalt chemistries due to nanoclay modification and explore any correlations that may exist between chemical compositions and mechanical properties. Changes in chemical fractions were found to be source variant. Insoluble Asphaltene contents were observed to increase significantly after aging, whereas the Saturate contents decreased. Correlations were observed between mechanistic properties and chemical compositions. Moreover, aggregate-binder compatibility evaluation showed nanoclay …

Power Law Growth And Delayed Feedbacks In Socio‐Hydrological Systems, Anthony J. Parolari, Gabriele Manolia

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Water infrastructure dynamics result from coupled social and physical hydrological processes embedded in “socio‐hydrological systems” (SHSs). Freshwater fuels socioeconomic activity, which in turn exerts pressure on water resources through increased water demand and water quality degradation. Many factors emphasize the need for quantitative tools to predict the future of these systems, including SHS failures due to growing water scarcity from population growth and climate change. However, unfolding the interactions between social and hydrological factors continues to resist theoretical treatment, impeding progress toward a predictive framework. To resolve this issue, we propose and evaluate time delays as surrogates for the social …

Stormwater Management Actions Under Regulatory Pressure: A Case Study Of Southeast Wisconsin, Walter M. Mcdonald, Joseph Naughton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In the United States, new legislation has given regulatory authorities greater oversight of municipal stormwater management programs. However, estimating the impact of greater oversight on municipal actions is difficult due to the uncertainty in current compliance efforts and their associated costs. This paper seeks to fill this gap through a case study of NPDES stormwater runoff permit reports from municipalities in Southeast Wisconsin. Specifically, this study evaluates the reported actions and expenditures against socioeconomic variables to identify the relationships between cost, socioeconomics, and the best management practices (BMPs) used for compliance. Results indicate that there are distinct differences between municipalities …

Participatory Sensing-Based Geospatial Localization Of Distant Objects For Disaster Preparedness In Urban Built Environments, Hongjo Kim, Youngjib Ham

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

Although the benefit of participatory sensing for collecting local data over large areas has long been recognized, it has not been widely used for various applications such as disaster preparation due to a lack of geospatial localization capability with respect to a distant object. In such applications, objects of interest need to be ro- bustly localized and documented for supporting data-driven decision-making in site inspection and resource mobilization. However, participatory sensing is inappropriate to localize a distant object due to the absence of ranging sensors in citizens' mobile devices; thus, the localization accuracy varies to a large extent. To address …

Strengthening Of Concrete Deep Beams With Extreme Discontinuities Using Near-Surface Mounted Composites, Moustafa Seifeddin Mansour

Civil and Environmental Theses

Installation of a web opening that fully interrupts the natural load path in concrete deep beams produces regions of extreme discontinuities and reduces the shear strength. This research examined the effectiveness of using near-surface-mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (NSM-CFRP) reinforcement to restore the shear strength of deep beams with extreme discontinuities. The strut-and-tie model (STM) procedures were utilized to develop three different strengthening solutions around the discontinuity regions. A total of eight deep beam specimens (150 x 500 x2700 mm) with a shear span-to-depth ratio of a/h = 0.8 were constructed and tested. One beam was solid. Seven beams had a …

Bs News November/December

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Bowling Green, Kentucky - Waterworks (Sc 3488), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of documents (Click on "Additional Files" below for Manuscripts Small Collection 3488. “Changes in Plans and Specifications for Water Works Improvements, Contracts Nos. 1 to 5, Incl[usive] for the City of Bowling Green, Bowling Green, Kentucky, December 12, 1947.”

Thermo-Oxidative Degradation Of Hdpe Geomembranes: Effect Of Phenolic Antioxidant And Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer Concentrations, Yasin Kocak

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane is most common geomembrane which is mainly used for civil engineering applications. However, HDPE geomembrane loses its properties under oxidative degradation progress. This study aims to assess geomembranes which have different percentage of phenolic antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) with under the six months of the thermal-oxidative degradation. The interactions between phenolic antioxidant, HALS and carbon black can affect the mechanical, physical and chemical properties. To monitor these properties, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Melt Index tests, …

Impact Of The Number Of Lane-Changing Times On Throughput By Fundamental Diagram Based On Ngsim Data, Gangyan Zhang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the present report, the characteristics of the fundamental diagram (FD) are exploited to delve into the effect of the number of times of lane changes on traffic throughput. The NGSIM data are classified and screened by splitting the regions of US-101 and I-80; the relevant traffic variables (e.g., traffic flow, density and speed) are calculated. Appropriate statistical approaches are employed to verify the correlation of the impact of lane changes on different traffic variables. Lane changes could affect traffic throughput in light congestion instead of in heavy congestion. The causes of the effects of lane changes on throughput are …

Device For Imaging Cross-Section Of Post-Tensioned Structural Tendons In The Field, David Dukeman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With increasing use of grouted post-tensioned tendons in structures, there is a critical need for equipment to determine deficient grouting. Inadequate grouting can cause dangerous corrosion of the high-strength post-tensioning steel in the tendons. Evaluation should be non-destructive, and early detection is needed to take timely remedial actions to repair or replace any tendons that are affected before catastrophic failure occurs. In particular, there is need for an imaging method that shows the cross-section of the tendon being tested and flag any deficiencies present relative to the location of the strands in the cross section. The method should be rapid, …

Nineteenth-Century Tides In The Gulf Of Maine And Implications For Secular Trends, Richard D. Ray, Stefan A. Talke

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since the early twentieth century, the amplitudes of tidal constituents in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy display clear secular trends that are among the largest anywhere observed for a regional body of water. The M2 amplitude at Eastport, Maine, increased at a rate of 14.1 ± 1.2 cm per century until it temporarily dropped during 1980–1990, apparently in response to changes in the wider North Atlantic. Annual tidal analyses indicate M2 reached an all‐time high amplitude last year (2018). Here we report new estimates of tides derived from nineteenth century water‐level measurements found in the U.S. National …

Investigation Of Subsurface Stratigraphy And Groundwater Dynamics In The Mississippi River Delta, An Li

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Mississippi River Delta (MRD) is socioeconomically important to the state of Louisiana and the United States. Various types of land-water system data have been collected in the MRD. However, very few efforts have been made to utilize these datasets in modeling regional stratigraphy and groundwater dynamics in the MRD, especially for the upper 50 m of the depth. In this interval of depth, the Mississippi River and surrounding interdistributary bays intensively interact with the groundwater system. The lack of knowledge in regional stratigraphy and groundwater dynamics hinder an understanding of how hydrogeological setting affects processes such as surface-groundwater interaction, …

Heat Wave Intensity Duration Frequency Curve: A Multivariate Approach For Hazard And Attribution Analysis, Omid Mazdiyasni, Mojtaba Sadegh, Felicia Chiang, Amir Aghakouchak

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Atmospheric warming is projected to intensify heat wave events, as quantified by multiple descriptors, including intensity, duration, and frequency. While most studies investigate one feature at a time, heat wave characteristics are often interdependent and ignoring the relationships between them can lead to substantial biases in frequency (hazard) analyses. We propose a multivariate approach to construct heat wave intensity, duration, frequency (HIDF) curves, which enables the concurrent analysis of all heat wave properties. Here we show how HIDF curves can be used in various locations to quantitatively describe the likelihood of heat waves with different intensities and durations. We then …

Vu Villa Structural Design And Rehabilitation, Kolby Sukut

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The Vu Villa is a bar and pizzeria which has operated out of the first floor of the Campana building in Butte, Montana since 1967. Construction of the Campana building started in 1894 and was completed before the end of the 19^th century. The Campana building is a two-story building which primarily consists of exterior brick masonry walls and wood framing on the interior. Within the last several decades significant sag has been identified in the second-floor of the building as well as an adjacent staircase. In addition, renovation activities have been discussed for the upstairs which would involve …

Soil-Recycled Aggregate-Geopolymer Road Base/Subbase Mixtures: Steps Towards Sustainability, Mohammad Khattak, Daniel Odion

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 18GTLSU10. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"This study deals with the development of Soil-Geopolymer mixtures using flyash, alkali activator and recycled aggregates (RAG) including recycled concrete (RCA) and reclaimed asphalt (RAP) as an alternative to soil-cement for pavement base and subbase layers. Several mix constituents were varied such as flyash type and content, RCA and RAP content and ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Experiment design was established and mechanical and durability characteristics of Soil-RAG-Geopolymer mixtures were evaluated and then compared to the conventional soil-cement mixtures. The …

The Impact Of Hurricane Harvey On Pavement Structures In The South East Texas And South West Louisiana, Stefan Romanoschi

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 18PUTA02. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"This study developed a methodology to estimate the damage caused by flooding, such that caused by Hurricane Harvey, on a road or street network. The flooded street or pavement sections are identified using GIS flood maps with street GIS maps used for pavement management systems (PMS) by cities or state authorities. Then the damage caused by flooding directly through the increase moisture in foundation layers or indirectly due to the increase heavy traffic during the relief effort is estimated. An example Excel …

Reduction Of Structural Damage From The Thermal Expansion Of Concrete Using Multifunctional Materials, Darren Hartl, Mirmilad Mirsayar

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 18STTAM01. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"This study leveraged past successes in the analysis and design of shape memory alloy (SMA) components to address the issue of thermal expansion in concrete structures. Since the SMA used in the current work is relatively cheaper than other common SMAs (less than $50/lb compared to NiTi which is $200/lb due to difficulties in processing), it is anticipated that the findings of the study could be implemented in real infrastructures made of concrete, asphalt concrete, and other complex large infrastructure. Low-cost Fe-SMAs …

Evaluation Of Internally Cured Bridge Deck Concrete With Standard And Optimized Aggregate Gradation, Arman Abdigaliyev

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Due to the relatively high cement content and low water-to-cement ratio (w/c) used, bridge deck concrete is prone to premature cracking. Internal curing has been found to greatly reduce the chance of premature cracking as well as concrete deterioration. This research developed internally cured bridge deck concrete based on a local mix design in Nebraska. Four different lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) as internal curing agents were evaluated and their effects on fresh, mechanical, durability, and shrinkage properties of concrete were studied. The study focused on resolving two issues associated with fine aggregate replacement based on Bentz equation. To identify the …

Impact Of Hurricane Harvey On The Results Of Regional Flood Frequency Analysis, Walter M. Mcdonald, Joseph Naughton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Hurricane Harvey was an unprecedented event that resulted in immense damage to life and property. As a result, it is important to determine how this event, as well as past and future events like it, will impact engineering design equations that are based upon historical data, such as flood frequency analysis equations. This study seeks to contribute to this discussion by evaluating the extent to which Harvey influenced estimations of instantaneous peak discharges in rural ungauged basins in southeast Texas. Results indicate that Harvey significantly increased the computations of design floods using Log‐Pearson Type III analysis (e.g., 3–55% for 2‐year …

Mechanisms Of Virus Mitigation And Suitability Of Bacteriophages As Surrogates In Drinking Water Treatment By Iron Electrocoagulation, Joe Heffron, Brad Mcdermid, Emily Maher, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Brooke K. Mayer

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Emerging water treatment technologies using ferrous and zero-valent iron show promising virus mitigation by both inactivation and adsorption. In this study, iron electrocoagulation was investigated for virus mitigation in drinking water via bench-scale batch experiments. Relative contributions of physical removal and inactivation, as determined by recovery via pH 9.5 beef broth elution, were investigated for three mammalian viruses (adenovirus, echovirus, and feline calicivirus) and four bacteriophage surrogates (fr, MS2, P22, and ΦX174). Though no one bacteriophage exactly represented mitigation of the mammalian viruses in all water matrices, bacteriophage ΦX174 was the only surrogate that showed overall removal comparable to that …

Simulation Of The Impact Of Connected And Automated Vehicles At A Signalized Intersection, Hamad Bader Almobayedh, Deogratias Eustace, Philip Appiah-Kubi

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

Intersections are locations with higher likelihood of crash occurences and sources of traffic congestion as they act as bottlenecks compared with other parts of the roadway networks. Consequently, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can help to improve the efficiency of the roadways by reducing traffic congestion and traffic delays. Since CAVs are expected to take control from drivers (human control) in making many important decisions, thus they are expected to minimize driver (human) errors in driving tasks. Therefore, CAVs potential benefits of eliminating driver error include an increase in safety (crash reduction), smooth vehicle flow to reduce emissions, and reduce …

Temporal-Spatial Analysis Of Emergency Evacuation Traffic, Lorraine Margot Acevedo Loreto

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Mass evacuations, particularly those at a statewide level, represent the largest single-event traffic movements that exist. These complex events can last several days, cover thousands of miles of roadway, and include hundreds of thousands of people and vehicles. Often, they are also marked by enormous delay and congestion and are nearly always criticized for their inefficiency and lack of management. However, there are no standardized methods by which to systematically quantify traffic characteristics at the proper scale. This paper describes research to develop and apply an analytical method to measure and describe statewide mass-evacuations in a practical, cost-effective manner. The …

In-Plane Cyclic Shear Performance Of Pipe Stem Reinforced Cob Wall, Dezire Q'Anna Perez-Barbante

Master's Theses

This thesis investigates full-scale pipe stem reinforced cob walls under in-plane cyclic shear loads. Cob is the combination of clay subsoils, sand, straw and water that is built in lifts to produce monolithic walls. There is insufficient amount of information on cob as a building material in today’s age. The prior research that exists has examined varying straw content and type, water content, and mixture ratios to determine their effect on strength. There is currently one report that analyzes full-scale cob walls under in-plane loading. This thesis looks to iterate the full-scale tests and specifically studies the effect of reinforcement …

Experimental Investigation Of Hydraulic Effects On Unsaturated Soils Behaviors, Muwafaq Awad

Theses and Dissertations

Geo-structures are frequently constructed in or on soils with unsaturated conditions and are subjected to variations of moisture contents due to seasonal changes. Even though unsaturated soil mechanics have been established for several decades, it has not been fully implemented in practice today because of a lack of understanding of the interaction between the soil, water, and air phases. Many experimental research studies have been conducted to improve the understanding of unsaturated behavior but these studies are typically limited to small soil elements tested under fully drained conditions. The goal of this research is to evaluate the effect of hydraulics …