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Articles 121 - 150 of 677
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Fire Performance Of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete (Hfrscc) With Glass Pozzolan, Rishabh Kumar
Fire Performance Of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete (Hfrscc) With Glass Pozzolan, Rishabh Kumar
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This research focuses on the effects of hybridizing self-consolidating concrete (SCC) using steel (SF) and polypropylene (PP) fibers to study their benefits post-fire exposure. In an attempt to reduce cement’s environmental impacts and to make concrete more sustainable, this research also studies the substitution of cement using glass pozzolan. Limited research has been done in this regard previously, hence this research makes an effort to bridge the enormous knowledge gap. No research has reported tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of SCC with hybrid fibers and glass pozzolan, making this research unique. Based on previous research, the replacement rate of cement …
Performance Evaluation And Retrofitting Options For An Impact Damaged Non-Composite Steel Girder Bridge, Mohd Mezanur Rahman
Performance Evaluation And Retrofitting Options For An Impact Damaged Non-Composite Steel Girder Bridge, Mohd Mezanur Rahman
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has rated about 32% of total bridges in US as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. One of the most frequently encountered issues for this deficiency is the impact created by cars that exceed the posted clearance for a bridge. Impact damage leads to concrete spalling or cracking, exposed or broken reinforcement/prestressing strands, global and local buckling of the structural member or piercing through the steel girder. For Example, St. Francis Bridge (North Bound) carrying St. Francis Avenue over I-30 east of downtown Dallas was impact damaged by an eighteen-wheeler carrying a heavy-duty wrecker on 29th …
Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of Soil Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Md Asif Akhtar
Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of Soil Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Md Asif Akhtar
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Electric resistivity imaging (ERI) is an effective non-destructive and rapid measuring way of obtaining continuous soil subsurface resistivity profiles. An ERI technique can be used to identify moisture variations and soil heterogeneities in an area. Thus, ERI is becoming a popular tool in geotechnical (FHWA, 2015)engineering; however, it only provides qualitative information at the current time. Using qualitative images, it is challenging to extract quantitative geotechnical information, such as the type of soil, moisture content, degree of saturation, and atterberg limit, of the subsurface. Several studies have described the electrical resistance of soil as a function of pore fluid conductivity …
Change In Sedimentation Regime Due To Bridge Construction Activities: A Field Study At Fm 2478 Bridge Over Wilson Creek, Mckinney, Texas, Subhas Kandel
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Bridge construction activities can cause soil disturbances that introduce sediments into a receiving stream and potentially impact its quality and the ecosystem. The impacts of bridge construction activities are studied in two ways: overland erosion and in-stream sediment concentration. For this research, the overland erosion of Wilson Creek in McKinney, Texas was monitored from four erosion plots constructed on its banks, near the bridge construction activities zone. The instream water quality was examined during the construction period by measuring the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and the turbidity of water samples, and the sediment and water samples were collected and analyzed …
Carbon Footprint Assessment And Emissions Reduction Strategies For The University Of Texas At Arlington, Dravid Sabarish Villavan Kothai
Carbon Footprint Assessment And Emissions Reduction Strategies For The University Of Texas At Arlington, Dravid Sabarish Villavan Kothai
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
In the past decade, many universities have started to ascertain their emissions and benchmark their progress towards sustainability and climate control. The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) is no exception in working toward the goal of carbon neutrality. While UTA continues to grow and transform, its goal is to simultaneously reduce energy intensity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To this end, the Office of Sustainability is maintaining a carbon inventory for each year to track GHG emissions and provide information to guide reduction strategies. The primary objectives of this research were: 1. To update UTA’s greenhouse gas emissions inventory …
Decision Tool For Prioritizing Bridge Repair Or Replacement, Nyoka Amy Florius
Decision Tool For Prioritizing Bridge Repair Or Replacement, Nyoka Amy Florius
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Bridges are typically damaged/deteriorated due to various factors that require close evaluation to make informed decisions about repair/replacement. There are several aspects of study to evaluate bridges for repair/replacement, such as age, structural adequacy, and frequent usage. Further, bridges which are in poor condition must be identified to mitigate their damage/deterioration and as a result, maintain a safe environment for users. Therefore, to assess the need for funding, state Departments of Transportation are required to evaluate bridges by considering several factors, while prioritizing safety. In Texas, the Highway Bridge Program is responsible for funding bridges which are listed for repair/replacement. …
Improving Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Machine Learning And Statistical Postprocessing Methods, Mohammadvaghef Ghazvinian
Improving Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Machine Learning And Statistical Postprocessing Methods, Mohammadvaghef Ghazvinian
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The objective of this research is to address the limitations inherent in conventional statistical postprocessing schemes to generate probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) and improve postprocessed PQPFs quality through introducing new robust statistical models and machine learning frameworks. This dissertation comprises three main elements. First, a new, two-part scheme for creating PQPFs from single-valued quantitative precipitation forecasts is introduced. This scheme, herein referred to as the Mixed-type Non-Homogenous Regression (MNHR), combines the use of logistic regression for estimating rainfall intermittency, and non-homogeneous regression for estimation of additional parameters of the conditional distribution. The performance of MNHR is evaluated relative to …
Identification Of Resilience Dimensions And Development Of A Decision-Making System To Measure The Resilience Level Of Highway Networks, Thahomina Jahan Nipa
Identification Of Resilience Dimensions And Development Of A Decision-Making System To Measure The Resilience Level Of Highway Networks, Thahomina Jahan Nipa
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Local as well as national economy and safety depend on the network characteristics of the transportation infrastructures. Destruction of transportation infrastructures causes the direct cost of the reconstruction as well as indirect cost due to loss of mobility. In addition, emergency response and recovery cannot be rendered if access to the affected community is hampered due to a damaged transportation network. Hence, researchers as well national and international organizations are focusing more on a resilience-based approach instead of a traditional recovery-based approach for the transportation infrastructures recently. As a result, there exist a high number of research articles that developed …
Optimization Of Concrete Pavement Design To Truck Platoon Loading, Mohsen Talebsafa
Optimization Of Concrete Pavement Design To Truck Platoon Loading, Mohsen Talebsafa
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Transportation is the major contributor toward economic growth and development. In the United States, more than 90% of commodities are transported through the roadway system. Due to the high demand for transportation of goods, there is a high demand in the road freight industry for innovative solutions, and new technologies to improve the sustainability and efficiency of transportation. Truck platooning is one of the most recent technologies with great potential to make road freight safer, cleaner, and more efficient. This technology uses connectivity technologies and automated driving systems to interconnect two or more trucks in a convoy. These automation technologies …
Evaluation Of Surface Asphalt Mixes Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials In North-East Texas Using Accelerated Pavement Testing, Ana Maria Coca
Evaluation Of Surface Asphalt Mixes Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials In North-East Texas Using Accelerated Pavement Testing, Ana Maria Coca
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) has proved to be an effective alternative to virgin materials in HMA production. Despite that recycling asphalt creates a cycle that optimizes the use of natural resources and sustains the pavement industry, State transportation departments have limited the maximum amount of RAP used in surface layers because of the variability concerns and lack of guidance provided. Even though at the moment, the United Stated recycles more RAP than Europe does in terms of percentage of the total RAP extracted from old pavements, it still lags Japan and other countries. A special …
Reuse Of Recycled Plastic For Plastic Road Design, Tahsina Islam
Reuse Of Recycled Plastic For Plastic Road Design, Tahsina Islam
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The ever-increasing volume of traffic and the volatility of daily and seasonal temperatures that are being experienced globally make it essential that the quality and durability of roads are improved. Modifiers can improve the engineering properties of the asphalt mix in these situations. Perhaps plastics are the most promising of all types of modifiers. Since the disposal of plastic waste is a major concern for the environment, recycling of these waste materials is highly desired. The recycling and reuse of plastic waste is a prime example of sustainable waste management. It reduces the buildup of waste in landfills, thereby reducing …
Utilizing Load Tests And Site Investigation Data To Predict Design Load Capacities For Drilled Shafts In Different Geologic Formations, Hosam Salman
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Precise predictions of the design capacities of drilled shafts on weak rock formations is vital for a better design of foundations. Irregularities in rock formations due to weathering cause discrepancies in actual bearing capacities and evaluating the bearing capacity typically requires frequent in-situ testing, using load test shafts at smaller intervals, which is time consuming and expensive. The typical design in Texas currently utilizes in-situ design charts that are developed based on Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) blow counts. This approach is found to have limitations related to maximum number of blows, rock characterization, and difficulty in incorporating influential parameters. Problematic …
Environmental And Health Implications Of Mine Tailing-Based Construction Materials In Developing Communities: Current Practices And Ways Forward, Jose Raul Velasquez Vasquez
Environmental And Health Implications Of Mine Tailing-Based Construction Materials In Developing Communities: Current Practices And Ways Forward, Jose Raul Velasquez Vasquez
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
For many years, artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) communities around the world have been developing strategies to reduce contaminated mine tailings produced by mineral processing operations. These mine tailings are the by-product of the physical and chemical processes required to extract metals that humans require every day. The strategies developed by these communities cover a wide range of solutions, such as better practices in mineral processing activities as well as alternative technologies that help reduce the environmental impact of mining. Specifically, the recycling of mine tailings to produce construction materials has been of interest to researchers and communities. The use …
A New Geothermal Bridge De-Icing System With Attached Hydronic Heating Loops: Field Tests, Numerical Modeling, And Economic Assessment, Omid Habibzadeh Bigdarvish
A New Geothermal Bridge De-Icing System With Attached Hydronic Heating Loops: Field Tests, Numerical Modeling, And Economic Assessment, Omid Habibzadeh Bigdarvish
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Each year, ice and snow adversely impact U.S. transportation infrastructure during the cold season, causing an extensive impact on the U.S. economy. Bridges are key elements in the transportation network and the most vulnerable sections of the road to ice and snow. Conventional snow and ice removal system (CSRS) is proven not to be a satisfactory solution as it causes induced damages and issues, such as accelerating bridge deck corrosion, safety issues, travel delays, and environmental damages. Thus, the geothermal heat pump de-icing system (GHDS) is introduced as a sustainable solution for bridge deck de-icing, which utilizes renewable geothermal energy …
Further Development Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc): 3d Printing, Sifcon, Alternative Fibers, Shrinkage Crack Control, High Temperature, And Lightweight, Bhupendra Raj Acharya
Further Development Of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Uhp-Frc): 3d Printing, Sifcon, Alternative Fibers, Shrinkage Crack Control, High Temperature, And Lightweight, Bhupendra Raj Acharya
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in manufacturing industry also in every service industry, decreasing conventional skilled workforce and stagnated construction industry, probability and past statistics of the accident at the construction sites and difficulty in quality control has led the researchers to think of the solution and alternatives of the conventional construction. A new construction paradigm, known as 3-D concrete printing or additive manufacturing of concrete (AMC) provides such a solution. This research focuses on a preliminary study in 3d printed ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) and, has developed a novel mix that has balanced extrude-ability and buildability. …
Reusing Of Recycled Plastic As Pavement Base And Sub-Base Materials, Tanvir Imtiaz
Reusing Of Recycled Plastic As Pavement Base And Sub-Base Materials, Tanvir Imtiaz
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
A large percentage of waste materials is recycled back into the same product from which they originated. In spite of considerable progress in recycling waste materials generated in urban environments, the materials are sometimes not able to be recycled into the same product due to their quality or technical requirements and are as a result dumped or incinerated. Recycling concrete aggregate (RCCA) and recycled waste plastics are examples of recycled materials that can be used as an alternative to natural aggregates during the construction of newer structures as well as demolition of existing structures like buildings, bridges, and pavements. Materials …
Causes Of Driver Distraction And Incidents At Signalized Intersections, Zannatulferdous Labony
Causes Of Driver Distraction And Incidents At Signalized Intersections, Zannatulferdous Labony
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Driver distraction causes a major portion of motor vehicle crashes because distractions turn the driver’s attention away from driving the driving task, Intersections represent high risk environments because many conflict points within the intersection exist. At intersections with signalized traffic control, drivers may be more likely to become distracted than at other intersections. While distraction during the red indication may not seem to be a significant concern, this study investigates the role distraction plays in crashes at signalized intersections. Using the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study data, this study focuses on investigating the frequency and types of driver distraction, the causes …
Development Of Non-Prestressed Uhp-Frc Girders For Long-Span Bridges With Dcsr Design Concept And Collapse Assessment Of Smfs With Calibrated Rc And Uhp-Frc Columns Based On Full-Scale Experiments, Seyed Missagh Shamshiri Guilvayi
Development Of Non-Prestressed Uhp-Frc Girders For Long-Span Bridges With Dcsr Design Concept And Collapse Assessment Of Smfs With Calibrated Rc And Uhp-Frc Columns Based On Full-Scale Experiments, Seyed Missagh Shamshiri Guilvayi
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The work presented here is divided in two parts. This summary includes two paragraphs, each summarizing the topics presented in this dissertation. Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) is an emerging material and revolutionarily utilize its mechanical properties can offer a new way to design conventional precast prestressed concrete girders. Its ultra-high compressive strength (> 20 ksi) accompanying by exceptional compressive ductility with a maximum useable compressive strain of 0.015–0.03 allow designers to use higher amount of reinforcement. Current design codes (ACI 318 Building Code and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications), limits the maximum useable compressive strain, εcu, to 0.003 for conventional …
Development Of A Model To Prioritize Inspection And Condition Assessment Of Gravity Sanitary Sewer Systems, Karthikeyan Loganathan
Development Of A Model To Prioritize Inspection And Condition Assessment Of Gravity Sanitary Sewer Systems, Karthikeyan Loganathan
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Underground utilities and wastewater collection systems deteriorate over time demanding utility owners to involve in continuous revisions and development of their asset management frameworks to maintain the functionality of their assets. In any asset management framework, inspection of an asset and respective condition assessment plays a vital role in successful operation and maintenance of systems. In the United States, closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the commonly used device for inspecting the inner environment of sewer pipes, which considering the large length of pipe inventory in a city, is a relatively expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore, inspection of every individual sanitary sewer …
Structural Performance Of Distressed Cast-In-Place Concrete Bridge Retaining Wall, Karzan Ms Habeeb
Structural Performance Of Distressed Cast-In-Place Concrete Bridge Retaining Wall, Karzan Ms Habeeb
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Cast-In-Place (CIP) concrete retaining walls have been used in the United States widely in the 20th century. CIP concrete walls have additionally proven to be structurally rigid and cost-effective for low backfill height. This type of wall is also sustainable with design service life of 75 years (TxDOT 2014). However, during service, the wall undergoes distressed movements, structural deficiency, and stability related problems. CIP cantilever concrete retaining walls often do not perform as expected, and the walls are affected by construction and/or structural deficiency, which sometimes leads to failure. The current study was inspired by distressed CIP walls located on …
Modeling Of Hydrogen Sulfide Generation And Rates Of Microbial Induced Concrete Corrosion In Manhole Shafts, Sunakshi Hada
Modeling Of Hydrogen Sulfide Generation And Rates Of Microbial Induced Concrete Corrosion In Manhole Shafts, Sunakshi Hada
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Manhole shafts can undergo infrastructure failure due to microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC). Deterioration of the sewer systems by MICC process occurs due to the volatilization of hydrogen sulfide into the gas phase. The volatized hydrogen sulfide gas reacts with oxygen to form sulfuric acid, resulting in concrete corrosion. If optimum conditions are present, 24 mm of concrete loss can occur in 31 months, and the cost of fixing can range from $10-$30 per square foot. Also, if the manholes are not properly maintained, they can cause serious safety hazards, such as manhole lids falling through the structure, streets giving …
Effectiveness Of Recycled Plastic Pin For Improving Bearing Capacity Of Embankment Over Soft Soil, Md Azijul Islam
Effectiveness Of Recycled Plastic Pin For Improving Bearing Capacity Of Embankment Over Soft Soil, Md Azijul Islam
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Construction of embankment over soft foundation soils is incredibly a challenging task due to the risk of bearing failure and excessive settlement of foundation soil. Most of the available conventional methods for addressing these problems are either expensive or time-consuming or both. Therefore, research has been striving to develop a sustainable alternative to the current conventional methods. A noble approach to improve the soft foundation soil could be the use of Recycled Plastic Pins (RPP) in combination with geosynthetics. The load transfer efficiency of a geosynthetic-reinforced and RPP supported embankment is influenced by interactions among embankment fill, geosynthetics, and foundation …
Development And Comparison Of Prediction Models For Sanitary Sewer Pipes Condition Assessment Using Multinomial Logistic Regression And Artificial Neural Network., Daniel Ogaro Atambo
Development And Comparison Of Prediction Models For Sanitary Sewer Pipes Condition Assessment Using Multinomial Logistic Regression And Artificial Neural Network., Daniel Ogaro Atambo
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Sanitary sewer pipes infrastructure system in good condition is essential in providing safe conveyance of the wastewater from homes, businesses, and industries to the wastewater treatment plants. For sanitary sewer pipes to deliver the wastewater to the treatment plants, they must be in good condition. Most of the water utilities have aged sanitary sewer pipes. Water utilities inspect sewer pipes to decide which segments of the sanitary sewer pipes need rehabilitation or replacement. The process of inspecting the sewer pipes is described as condition assessment. This condition assessment process is costly and necessitates developing a model that predicts the condition …
Performance Of Recycled Plastic Pins For Increasing Bearing Capacity Of Foundation Soil, Faria Fahim Badhon
Performance Of Recycled Plastic Pins For Increasing Bearing Capacity Of Foundation Soil, Faria Fahim Badhon
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls constructed on unsuitable foundation soil are prone to large deformation and bearing capacity failure. A variety of techniques can be applied to address this issue, such as removal and replacement of existing soil with competent soil, staged construction, dynamic compaction, stone columns, geosynthetic reinforcement. One common traditional approach followed by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for the improvement of unsuitable foundation soil is removal of the in-situ soil and replacement with suitable fill material. However, this method can be time-consuming and expensive. A pile-supported system in combination with geosynthetic reinforcement can provide a sustainable solution …
Photocatalytic And Photochemical Decomposition Of Various Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) In Water, Nusrat Chowdhury
Photocatalytic And Photochemical Decomposition Of Various Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) In Water, Nusrat Chowdhury
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds comprised of a perfluoroalkyl backbone and a terminal functional group. Their detrimental health effects of in humans, like other halogenated chemicals, have been well documented and thus the frequent occurrence of PFAS in the water environment is a recent global concern. After US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a drinking water health advisory for the two most detected long chain PFAS (such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)), industrial production and application of short chain PFAS continues to rise. Feasible and sensible treatment strategies are in dire need for environmental …
Modeling Capacity: Multiple Weaving Areas, Sheida Khademi
Modeling Capacity: Multiple Weaving Areas, Sheida Khademi
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Traffic congestion on freeway systems is one significant concern in urban areas throughout the U.S.A. In this era, building new freeways to reduce congestion is less feasible due to the high capital and social costs. Thus, the effective management and operation of existing freeway facilities has become a preferred approach to reduce traffic congestion. A weaving section is a common design on major highway facilities that always has been an interest to researchers. Weaving areas are characterized by frequent lane changes, …
Mechanical Response Of Chemically Treated Sulfate-Rich Clay Under Multiple Triaxial Stress Path, Azadeh Asghariastaneh
Mechanical Response Of Chemically Treated Sulfate-Rich Clay Under Multiple Triaxial Stress Path, Azadeh Asghariastaneh
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Expansive clayey soils, which are abundant in arid and semi-arid areas, including the state of Texas, can lead to excessive distress in pavements, foundations, embankments, earth retaining systems and other civil infrastructure that is either made of or supported by this type of soils. Calcium-based stabilizers, such as lime, cement and fly ash, have become popular soil stabilizers due to their ready availability and relatively low cost; however, myriad cases of failures of pavements and foundation built over sulfate-rich treated clay have led researchers to search for more efficient substitutes for calcium-based stabilizers. A very limited number of studies, however, …
Vistas: Vocational Immersive Storytelling Training And Support Framework For Augmenting Work Performance, Sanika Doolani
Vistas: Vocational Immersive Storytelling Training And Support Framework For Augmenting Work Performance, Sanika Doolani
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
Training and assessment of novice workers are the most vital part of any vocational industry. Innovations in science and technology have led to the creation of new industries and occupations, enhanced productivity and quality of work-life, and increased the potential for more people to participate in the workforce. However, these come at the risk and disadvantage of an increased cost of training and lack of proper training in industries, such as manufacturing. Recently, the use of Extended Reality (XR) systems has been on the rise to tackle various domains such as training, education, safety, etc. With the recent advances in …
Numerical Simulation Of Anchor Group Effects On Concrete Breakout Strength Within Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Harjasdeep Singh Chauhan
Numerical Simulation Of Anchor Group Effects On Concrete Breakout Strength Within Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Harjasdeep Singh Chauhan
Civil Engineering Theses - Archive
This study aims to investigate numerically, the effect of anchor groups on concrete breakout strength using nonlinear finite element analysis. Steel headed studs were cast in place within concrete of different amounts of steel fibers. Different proportions of steel fibers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) were utilized within steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) for the numerical simulation. The physical properties of SFRC were modelled with respect to its composite compressive and tensile strength obtained from the experiments. The analysis was conducted on the concrete breakout strength of anchor bolts within SFRC. A good agreement was achieved between the numerical and the …
Effect Of Modified Moisture Barrier In Mitigating Pavement Distresses Due To Expansive Subgrade, Pratibha Pandey
Effect Of Modified Moisture Barrier In Mitigating Pavement Distresses Due To Expansive Subgrade, Pratibha Pandey
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
Surficial distresses in roadways of Texas are very common due to presence of high plastic clayey soil in the subgrade. Increased sensitivity of high plastic clay towards seasonal moisture change results in repeated swelling and shrinkage, and ultimately the development of pavement cracks. Annual expenses of such distresses impose huge financial liability to maintenance authorities. Studies have indicated rainwater intrusion into underlying expansive subgrade soil coupled with inadequate drainage as the main cause of pavement damage in semi-arid regions. The inability of drainage layer to laterally drain the excess moisture may lead to moisture accumulation within the base layer which …