Civil Engineering Commons^™

Chloride Penetration In Surface-Treated Concrete In Natural And Accelerated Environments, Jianfeng Dong, Yuxi Zhao, Shaoliang Pu, Ming Ji

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This study investigated the chloride penetration of surface-treated concrete in natural and accelerated environments. A part of a real concrete port, including the beams and the columns, was investigated. Concrete specimens cast together with the concrete port were transported to the lab and subjected to wetting and drying cycles for accelerating the ingression of chloride ion. Chloride concentration of the specimens in the lab and the components in situ was tested. The results show that the surface treatments obviously slow down the chloride penetration into the concrete in both lab and in situ. The chloride penetration in situ is …

Hierarchical Life-Cycle Design Of Concrete Structures, Zhujun Wang, Jin Weiliang, Ju Chen

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Concrete structures’ service life lasts decades. In order to deal with all the probable degradations and deteriorations in the whole life span, the concept of concrete structures’ Life-Cycle Design was introduced into China in the 1980s. However, until this day, Life-Cycle Design is still more of a concept to most structure designers and engineers, rather than a practical method. This paper provides a hierarchical method for concrete structures’ Life-Cycle Design, in which the design process is divided into five levels. Safety should be the fundamental requirements for all concrete structures, so as to guarantee a reliable quality. For structures located …

Study Of Water Permeability Of Lightweight Concrete, Xiaoxiao Xu, Haibin Yang, Hongzhi Cui, Zitao Lin, Tommy Yiu Lo

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The relationship between water permeability and different levels of the tested layers from the top surface to the bottom surface of the lightweight concrete specimens is determined in this study. It is beneficial to develop the design criteria for a durable lightweight concrete. The water permeability coefficient K of the samples was determined by water permeability test using GWT. It is found that the water permeability coefficient K of the three layers in each set of samples tends to decrease as the level of the tested from the top surface increase. Larger Rebound Number and higher density in the bottom …

Influence Of Sio2@Pmhs On The Water Absorption Of Cement Mortar As A Surface Treatment Agent, Ran Li, Pengkun Hou, Zonghui Zhou, Xin Cheng

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

In this paper, the core–shell structured SiO₂@PMHS hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). And SiO₂@PMHS core–shell nanoparticles were first used as a surface treatment agent for cement-based materials. The influence of SiO₂@PMHS nanoparticles on the water absorption of hardened cement mortar with water-to-cement ratio of 0.6 was investigated. Results showed that the water absorption of cement mortar treated with SiO₂@PMHS nanoparticles was decreased by 93.47% in comparison to the control sample.

Edge Detection Of Concrete Mesostructure Based On Dis Operator, Bin Feng, Zicheng Xu, Jin Xia, Shijie Jin, Weiliang Jin

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Aggregate edge detection is the basis of creating concrete mesoscale model, which is applied to analyze concrete mesoscale characteristics. A concrete digital image edge detection method using DIS operator is presented in this paper. Mean filter, multi-scale filter, and Gaussian filter are compared on the effect of concrete image noise reduction. Based on the result, Gaussian filter is the most optimum method to reduce image noise and remain aggregate edge distinct. Sobel operator, Laplacian operator, and DIS operator are applied respectively to detect the aggregate edge on Gaussian filter processed images. Based on the experiment, DIS operator outperforms other two …

Influence Of The Surface Treatment Of Hardened Cement Mortar With Colloidal Nano-Silica And Teos, Pengkun Hou, Xin Cheng, Zonghui Zhou

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Two types of silicate material, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and colloidal nanoSiO2 (CNS), were applied for surface treatment of hardened cement mortar by exploring their filling and pozzolanic reactivity to make the surface compacter. Results showed that the water adsorption coefficient, the water vapor transmission rate, and the water penetration depth were reduced when CNS and TEOS were applied onto the surface of hardened cement mortar, and TEOS exhibits a superior effect on surface treatment, making the mass-transport rate and extent smaller than CNS does.

Performance Of Concrete Patch Repairs: From A Durability Point Of View, Choorackal Avirachan Eldho, Ominda Nanayakkar, Jun Xia, Steve Jones

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Chloride contamination in reinforced concrete leads to the corrosion of steel bars. Concrete patch repairs are widely practiced as a remedial measure for the mitigation of such corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. The performance of the patch repairs was studied by various researchers in the past. The structural and material aspects of patch repairs have received more attention than the electrochemical consequences of patch repairs in past studies. But electrochemical changes could be the underlying cause for the failure of many patch repairs. This paper reviews the performance of patch repairs from a durability point of view. It covers the …

Aggregate Shape Effect On Multicomponent Ionic Electromigration In Concrete, Qing-Feng Liu, Long-Yuan Li, Jian Yang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This paper presents a numerical study on the mechanism of chloride migration in concrete. Unlike most of existing work, this study utilises multicomponent ionic transport models to reflect the influence of ionic interactions by coupling both mass conservation and Poisson’s equations. A series of 2-D, 3-phase models with different shapes and volume fractions of aggregates are developed to simulate the chloride migration test. Through a comparatively overall numerical exploration that considers external voltage, ionic interactions, heterogeneous nature, ITZ, and ionic binding, some important features about multispecies coupling and aggregate shape effect, which have not been properly reported from existing concrete …

Research On Chloride Penetration Resistance Of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete, Wu-Jian Long, Zhe-Ming Mai, Jin-Guang Shi, Tian-Tian Zhao, Wu-Lei Peng

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

The properties of chloride penetration of hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCC) were investigated in this study. The results show that, the chloride penetration resistance of concrete can be improved by single incorporation either carbon or cellulose fibers. The concrete chloride diffusion coefficient D_RCM of 12-cm length carbon SCC with fiber content of 1.7 kg/m³, 2.72 kg/m³, and 3.4 kg/m³ decreases by 10.3%, 25.5%, and 18.2% compared to reference concrete without any fibers, respectively. Moreover, the concrete chloride diffusion coefficient D_RCM of cellulose SCC with fiber content of 1.2 kg/m³, 1.6 …

Moisture And Temperature Effects On Interface Mechanical Properties For External Bonding, Tamon Ueda, Justin Shrestha, Khuram Rashid, Dawei Zhang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

In order to develop rational guidelines for strengthening by external bonding, it is necessary to clarify longterm performance of interfacial bonding property. In this paper, moisture effects on bonding properties at FRP–concrete interface and temperature/moisture effects on bonding properties at PCM–concrete interface are presented. Shear bond strength of FRP–concrete interface is affected by moisture because resin–concrete adhesion strength is affected by moisture. Among tested CFRP external bonding systems, wet-layup CFRP systems all show the strength reduction, while prefabricated CFRP systems all show the strength increase after immersion. The bond stress–slip relationship and interfacial fracture energy also change, which can explain …

Assessing The Performance Of A Soy Methyl Ester -Polystyrene Topical Treatment To Extend The Service Life Of Concrete Structures, D'Shawn G. Thomas

Open Access Theses

Experimental results show that soy methyl ester (SME), a derivative of soy bean oil, along with the incorporation of polystyrene (PS) is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable material that can be used effectively as a topical concrete surface treatment. While, concrete sealants and topical surface treatments can be used to extend to durability of concrete structures, it is difficult to predict the durability of concrete structures sealed with a sealant or topical surface treatment. This is due to a lack of necessary model inputs that can be used to address the durability of concrete structures treated with these materials. In …

Development And Evaluation Of A Watershed-Scale Hybrid Hydrologic Model, Younghyun Cho

Open Access Dissertations

A watershed-scale hybrid hydrologic model (Distributed-Clark), which is a lumped conceptual and distributed feature model, was developed to predict spatially distributed short- and long-term rainfall runoff generation and routing using relatively simple methodologies and state-of-the-art spatial data in a GIS environment. In Distributed-Clark, spatially distributed excess rainfall estimated with the SCS curve number method and a GIS-based set of separated unit hydrographs (spatially distributed unit hydrograph) are utilized to calculate a direct runoff flow hydrograph, and time-varied SCS CN values and conditional unit hydrograph approach for different runoff depth-based flow convolution are also used to compute long-term rainfall-runoff flow hydrographs. …

Asphalt Pavement Preservation Using Rejuvenating Fog Seals, Ammanuiel A. Kebede

Open Access Theses

Fog seal is a type of treatment that uses a diluted asphalt emulsion to seal and protect an existing asphalt surface from a variety of distresses. Fog seal is sprayed on top of an asphalt pavement surface to improve and protect it from further cracking and raveling. Rejuvenator is also a type of treatment that penetrates into the asphalt pavement and restores its original viscoelastic properties. Similarly, like fog seal, rejuvenators can be sprayed on top of an asphalt pavement surface. The use of rejuvenators has grown rapidly in the past decade. However, little is known about the actual effectiveness …

Artificial Neural Networks For Wireless Structural Control, Ghazi Binarandi

Open Access Theses

We live in an age when people desire taller buildings and longer bridges. These increasing demands of more flexible structures challenge civil engineers to ensure structural safety in the state where they are more prone to extreme dynamic loading, such as earthquakes. Extensive wiring required in traditional structural control applications may be expensive and inconvenient, especially for large scale structures. To improve the scalability, wireless sensors offer a promising alternative. However, the presence of time delay and data loss in a wireless sensor network can potentially reduce the performance of the control system. Here an artificial neural network is proposed …

Techniques And Technologies For Decontaminating Chemically Contaminated Premise Plumbing Infrastructure, Karen S. Casteloes

Open Access Theses

Recent large-scale drinking water chemical contamination incidents in Canada and the U.S. have affected more than 1,000,000 people. In all cases premise plumbing has become contaminated and disparate plumbing decontamination approaches have been applied. Premise plumbing components include the service line and piping within the building as well as various appurtenances (i.e., tanks, valves, fixtures). The overall research goal was to identify techniques and technologies that can be used for premise plumbing decontamination. To achieve this goal two separate studies were conducted and are presented as two independent thesis chapters.

The study described in Chapter 1 was designed to understand …

Characterization Of A Continuous-Flow Reactor For Solar Uv Water Disinfection, Margaret M. Busse

Open Access Theses

Lack of access to safe water is a common problem in many developing countries (UNICEF/WHO, 2011). Fortunately, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is abundantly available in many of these same areas, and it has been used to accomplish disinfection of drinking water by processes that involve no electrical power, such as solar water disinfection (SODIS). However, conventional SODIS systems are limited by batch processing and exclusion of UVB radiation, which is the most germicidally-active portion of the UV spectrum (Coohill and Sagripanti, 2008). To address these limitations, a continuous-flow solar UV disinfection system was developed to amplify ambient solar UV radiation, …

Dynamic Green Split Optimization In Intersection Signal Design For Urban Street Network, Peng Jiao

Open Access Theses

In the past few decades, auto travel demand in the United States has significantly increased, but roadway capacity unfortunately has not expanded as quickly, which has led to severe levels of highway traffic congestion in many areas. In theory, the problem of congestion addressed through demand management and roadway expansion. However, system expansion in urban areas is difficult due to the extremely high cost of land; therefore, maximizing the existing capacity therefore often is considered the most realistic option. In urban areas, most of the traffic congestion and delays typically occur at signalized intersections. This thesis aims to prove the …

Mining Big Data To Create A Tool For Empirical Observation Of Continuous Safety Improvement In A Construction Company - A Progressive Case Study In The Lean Environment, Nicolas J. Michuda

Open Access Theses

In any iterative process, without a system of measurement, controlled improvement cannot be recorded. This is especially true in the construction industry, where error occurs, often with fatal repercussions. As part of a process to facilitate the establishment of this metric, an entirely new application was created. The goal of this application is to measure the causal factors that lead to incidents, which will allow the user and administration to track the circumstances and types of incidents. This enables the company to focus on these problem areas and improve through training. By analyzing these incident trends over time, the company …

A Framework For Organizational Performance Assessment In The Construction Industry, Zenith Rathore

Open Access Theses

Organizations have been trying to increase their efficiency and improve their performance in order to achieve their goals. Organizational success is determined by various factors that impact organizational performance. Construction industry is a project based industry which is extremely dynamic in nature. The need to identify the weak points and search solutions to improve performance of construction organization is extremely crucial. Previous research works have primarily focused on the measurement of financial or tangible assets. Industry has always focused on measure of project success. However, previous studies lack the understanding of qualitative factors and their combine effect on organizational performance. …

Failure Pressure And Fatigue Analysis Of The Api 12f Shop Welded, Flat Bottom Tanks, Andres E. Rondon Andueza

Open Access Theses

This study investigates the failure pressure on the API 12F shop welded steel tanks and performs a fatigue evaluation to estimate the permissible number of pressure cycles for these equipment. Four different analyses were carried out on more than 350 finite element models to determine various failure pressure modes of these storage tanks. An elastic analysis considering potential buckling modes was developed to determine the yielding pressure of the tanks. The redistribution of stresses due to inelastic deformations and plastic collapse were evaluated through an elastic-plastic stress analysis considering the plastic hardening of the material. A wind load analysis was …

Community-Scale Water Treatment Systems In The Dominican Republic, Water Supply In The Dr

Engagement & Service-Learning Summit

No abstract provided.

Full Depth Reclamation Of Aviation Pavement, Michael W. Buening

Purdue Road School

Full depth reclamation (FDR) has been utilized multiple times in recent years for airport and roadway pavement rehabilitation. The presentation will review FDR and its use as a treatment for aviation pavements.

Fhwa Compliance:Results And Responses For 2015/ 2016, Jay Dumontelle, Eryn Fletcher

Purdue Road School

This presentation discuss the results from the FHWA's 2015 Compliance Assessment Program and explains how these results are being used to direct the FHWA's activities in 2016.

Design, Operations, And Safety Of High-Speed Approach Rural Roundabouts, David A. Church, James Tobaben

Purdue Road School

High-speed approach rural roundabouts have been found to reduce overall crashes by 71% and injury crashes by 87% and have become an effective tool used by public agencies to improve safety and capacity at rural intersections. In this presentation we will discuss critical design features for effective implementation, including alignment on approach, deflection, splitter islands, lighting, signing, curbing, diameter, design vehicle, and landscaping. Before-and-after results involving safety, operations, and public acceptance will be highlighted at specific US roundabouts.

Wildcat Bridge - I-65 Artesion Well/Geotechnical/Structural, Anne Rearick, Jeremy Hunter, Silas Nichols, Mir Zaheer

Purdue Road School

In this session we will discuss the emergency design and repair of the I-65 bridge over Wildcat Creek in Tippecanoe County during the summer of 2015 that closed I-65 northbound.

Storm Damage - Sr-57 June 2008, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

A review of the impact of the White River leaving its watershed and destroying a box culvert under SR-57 in Greene County, IN. Includes discussion about impact of illegal levee, and photos and discussion on contraction scour.

Storm Damage - Murphy's Law, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

Examination of a disastrous event that required 4 coinciding occurrences happening that individually would likely have resulted in minor or no damage.

Storm Damage - Floating Culverts, Dale Sedler, Mark Bailey

Purdue Road School

A review of buoyancy issues culverts experience due to blockage. Includes discussion of blockage due to floating debris and issues with multiple culverts. Provides information on characteristics that help to determine if a culvert has "floated."

The Right Approach To Right Of Way Engineering, Grant Niemeyer, Rodney Kelly, Sue Wood

Purdue Road School

Many steps are necessary to prepare the proper documents for right of way engineering. In this session we will discuss the steps and procedures required to be in compliance with INDOT statutes, including LRS electronic submittals.

Needs Driven Design Solutions In Railroad Projects, Tom Rueshhoff, Derek Tichy, Justin Cronin, Matthew J. Spiel

Purdue Road School

This presentation highlights state, federal, and railroad stakeholder coordination in a public-private partnership.

The Indiana Gateway Project is a $71.4 million construction project underway in northwestern Indiana. This project will help Norfolk Southern and Amtrak address the single most delay-prone intercity rail passenger corridor in the country.

The White River Freight Railroad Bridge Replacement by Indiana Railroad is a $14M project which replaced the 115-year old bridge with a 1,271-foot long bridge in Greene County, IN.

The presentation also provides a brief summary of the project management oversight role HNTB Corporation assumed in both project teams as a consultant for …