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Articles 91 - 120 of 281
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Stochastic Wavenumber Estimation: Damage Detection Through Simulated Guide Lamb Waves, Garrison Stevens
Stochastic Wavenumber Estimation: Damage Detection Through Simulated Guide Lamb Waves, Garrison Stevens
All Theses
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a field of research that seeks to identify the onset of damage in infrastructure systems such that catastrophic failures can be averted. Acoustic Wavenumber Spectroscopy (AWS) is an emerging SHM technique that can identify and locate change of thickness resulting from damage in thin plates through the estimation of the characteristic wavenumber. AWS measures the ultrasonically induced vibrations of thin plates by laser scanners and monitors the propagation of Rayleigh-Lamb waves through the structure. This method is particularly suitable for thin-walled structures such as those contained in pipes, airplanes, and wind turbine blades. While AWS …
Combined Numberical And Experimental Assessment Of Steel Roof Decks Subjected To Windborne Debris, Robert Roper
Combined Numberical And Experimental Assessment Of Steel Roof Decks Subjected To Windborne Debris, Robert Roper
All Theses
In the summer of 2013, a steel roof deck manufacturer (Company A) approached Clemson University about testing their steel roof decking product to evaluate the performance of the steel roof deck to resist impact from tornado windborne debris using FEMA P-361 Design and Construction Guidance for Community Safe Rooms. To assist Company A in better serving their customers in areas prone to severe wind events and to facilitate use of their products in community safe rooms, debris impact tests were conducted on two cold-formed corrugated steel roof decking products. Community safe rooms are buildings that are constructed in accordance with …
Robust Geotechnical Design - Methodology And Applications, Lei Wang
Robust Geotechnical Design - Methodology And Applications, Lei Wang
All Dissertations
This dissertation is aimed at developing a novel robust geotechnical design methodology and demonstrating this methodology for the design of geotechnical systems. The goal of a robust design is to make the response of a system insensitive to, or robust against, the variation of uncertain geotechnical parameters (termed noise factors in the context of robust design) by carefully adjusting design parameters (those that can be controlled by the designer such as geometry of the design). Through an extensive investigation, a robust geotechnical design methodology that considers explicitly safety, robustness, and cost is developed. Various robustness measures are considered in this …
Robust Design Of Shield Tunnels ‒ Considering The Longitudinal Variation Of Input Parameters, Wenping Gong
Robust Design Of Shield Tunnels ‒ Considering The Longitudinal Variation Of Input Parameters, Wenping Gong
All Dissertations
This dissertation, aimed at developing an improved design methodology for shield tunnels that explicitly considers design robustness against longitudinal variation of input parameters (such as soil parameters). To this end, a new solution model for shield tunnel performance analysis was first developed. In this new model, the random field concept was employed to model the longitudinal variation of input parameters. The input parameters (in the longitudinal domain) that had been generated with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) were used as inputs for the tunnel longitudinal behavior analysis. Here, the finite element method (FEM) based upon Winkler elastic foundation theory was employed. …
Estimating Field At-Rest Lateral Stress Coefficient And Liquefaction Resistance Of Aged Sands, Md Hossian
Estimating Field At-Rest Lateral Stress Coefficient And Liquefaction Resistance Of Aged Sands, Md Hossian
All Dissertations
Published results of laboratory tests to evaluate the influence of the at-rest lateral stress coefficient (K0) and the overconsoildation ratio (OCR) on liquefaction resistance of sands are reviewed in this dissertation. It is found that significant increase in liquefaction resistance can occur with high K0 and/or high OCR. A unique relationship between liquefaction resistance of isotropic and anisotropic normally consolidated sands exists based on the published laboratory data. Relationships between liquefaction resistance of overconsolidated sands and normally consolidated sands also have been shown in previous laboratory studies. Based on the previous studies, expressions for K0 and OCR correction factors (KK0 …
Modeling Sustainability In Renewable Energy Supply Chain Systems, Fei Xie
Modeling Sustainability In Renewable Energy Supply Chain Systems, Fei Xie
All Dissertations
This dissertation aims at modeling sustainability of renewable fuel supply chain systems against emerging challenges. In particular, the dissertation focuses on the biofuel supply chain system design, and manages to develop advanced modeling framework and corresponding solution methods in tackling challenges in sustaining biofuel supply chain systems. These challenges include: (1) to integrate 'environmental thinking' into the long-term biofuel supply chain planning; (2) to adopt multimodal transportation to mitigate seasonality in biofuel supply chain operations; (3) to provide strategies in hedging against uncertainty from conversion technology; and (4) to develop methodologies in long-term sequential planning of the biofuel supply chain …
Geotechnical Analysis Of The Foundation Of Fort Sumter National Monument Using Numerical Modeling, Daniel Kyser
Geotechnical Analysis Of The Foundation Of Fort Sumter National Monument Using Numerical Modeling, Daniel Kyser
All Theses
The foundational condition of the historical coastal fortification of Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC was analyzed though the use of numerical modeling. In this study, two-dimensional Finite Element (FE) analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the foundation-casemates-wall system in a coupled manner subjected to potential loadings such as ocean waves, storm surge and earthquake. The finite element model was verified by modeling the historical events (construction between 1820 and 1860, demolition due to artillery bombardment, reconstruction, earthquake, building of the Battery Huger, and the removal of fill from the parade ground) since the construction of the fort in …
Optimal Design Of Validation Experiments For Calibration And Validation Of Complex Numerical Models, Matthew Egeberg
Optimal Design Of Validation Experiments For Calibration And Validation Of Complex Numerical Models, Matthew Egeberg
All Theses
As prediction of the performance and behavior of complex engineering systems shifts from a primarily empirical-based approach to the use of complex physics-based numerical models, the role of experimentation is evolving to calibrate, validate, and quantify uncertainty of the numerical models. Oftentimes, these experiments are expensive, placing importance on selecting experimental settings to efficiently calibrate the numerical model with a limited number of experiments. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the experimental resources required to reach predictive maturity in complex numerical models by (i) aiding experimenters in determining the optimal settings for experiments, and (ii) aiding the model …
Application Of Bamboo For Flexural And Shear Reinforcement In Concrete Beams, Nathan Schneider
Application Of Bamboo For Flexural And Shear Reinforcement In Concrete Beams, Nathan Schneider
All Theses
As the developing world is industrializing and people migrate to cities, the need for infrastructure is growing quickly and concrete has become one of the most widely used construction materials. One poor construction practice observed widely across the developing world is the minimal use of reinforcement for concrete structures due to the high cost of steel. As a low-cost, high-performance material with good mechanical properties, bamboo has been investigated as an alternative to steel for reinforcing concrete. The goal of this research is to add to the knowledge base of bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) by investigating a unique stirrup design …
Decentralized Water Systems For Sustainable And Reliable Supply, Suraj Goverdhanam
Decentralized Water Systems For Sustainable And Reliable Supply, Suraj Goverdhanam
All Theses
The water industry is under enormous pressure to provide potable water in circumstances of increasing demands due to population growth, lifestyle change of people and depleting freshwater resources. Deteriorating infrastructure makes the task of meeting the human water consumption needs even more challenging. Distributed water supply systems are currently pursued as a sustainable alternative in arid regions of US to exploit the potential of water reclamation at community or district level to reduce the dependence on freshwater resources. An extension of such a distributed water supply alternative is a complete decentralized supply, which requires on-site water reclamation. The intention of …
Building Envelope Failure Assessment Of Residential Developments Subjected To Hurricane Wind Hazards, James Grayson
Building Envelope Failure Assessment Of Residential Developments Subjected To Hurricane Wind Hazards, James Grayson
All Dissertations
An unfortunate global precedent has been set by hurricane wind hazard events that illustrate the importance of building resilient coastal communities. Although community resilience is heavily dependent upon the socioeconomic response of the community before, during, and after a hazard event, it is also dependent on the vulnerability of the community to a disaster. Therefore, one way that structural engineers can assist communities in becoming more resilient is to investigate and implement methods that mitigate the 'initial shock' experienced by a residential development subjected to a hazard event. The focus of this research was to develop a mechanics-based building envelope …
Projections Of Future Us Design Wind Speeds Due To Climate Change For Estimating Hurricane Losses, Fangqian Liu
Projections Of Future Us Design Wind Speeds Due To Climate Change For Estimating Hurricane Losses, Fangqian Liu
All Dissertations
Hurricane is among the most dangerous and costliest natural hazards that affect the coastal environment of the United States (U.S.) every year. Hurricane activities have been observed to change in many aspects since the last century including the changes in both intensity and annual storm frequency. The extent to which aspect of climate change contributes to the variation in hurricane activities from long-term historical statistics is still not clearly understood at this point. This study examines the impacts of two climate change effects (change in annual storm frequency and sea surface temperature) on future U.S. design wind speeds for the …
Fluid Mud Gravity Currents Through Emergent Aquatic Vegetation, Nazli Yilmaz
Fluid Mud Gravity Currents Through Emergent Aquatic Vegetation, Nazli Yilmaz
All Dissertations
In this theoretical and experimental investigation, the propagation dynamics of the fluid-mud underflows form in pipeline dredge disposal operations in the designated areas are studied. These areas such as wetlands, nearshore waters are typically covered with stiff, cylindrical, emergent aquatic vegetation. The main goals of this study are to propose mathematical formulations for the bottom shear force and drag force of emergent stiff aquatic vegetation acting on the gravity current, and to present novel propagation modeling approaches. To be able to predict these forces, a friction coefficient (for the bottom shear force), and a drag coefficient (for vegetation skin friction …
Developing A South Carolina Traffic Incident Management Plan Along The I-26 Corridor Between Columbia And Charleston, Laura Rowe
All Theses
Traffic Incident Management (TIM) programs are used in many states across the nation to efficiently clear interstate incidents and alleviate congestion in response to incidents. The overarching goal of this research is to maintain safety of the motoring public and incident responders while reducing congestion, secondary collisions, and traffic delays from incidents that occur on South Carolina highways. To reduce incident clearance times along the I-26 corridor between Columbia and Charleston through the implementation of a Traffic Incident Management (TIM) Program, several objectives for this thesis were established to move toward the goal, including; defining gaps between national TIM best-practices …
Investigation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Overlays And Geosynthetic Pavement Interlayers, William Bolger
Investigation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Overlays And Geosynthetic Pavement Interlayers, William Bolger
All Theses
Geosynthetics play an ever increasing role in enhancing pavements. The construction of asphalt overlays with geosynthetic interlayers is a common method to rehabilitate flexible and rigid pavements. Geosynthetic interlayers provide numerous benefits to a pavement system. When utilized properly, geosynthetic interlayers can prevent water from infiltrating a roadway base and can extend the life of a pavement and assist in absorbing stresses. Geoysnthetics lead to an increase in a pavement overlay's performance and also retard reflective cracking. Warm mix asphalt has become more popular as a result of the search for more sustainable construction practices. WMA and its technologies are …
Clemson University Science Master's Program In Sustainable And Resilient Infrastructure: A Program Evaluation, Elizabeth O'Sell
Clemson University Science Master's Program In Sustainable And Resilient Infrastructure: A Program Evaluation, Elizabeth O'Sell
All Theses
The Clemson University Science Master's Program (SMP) in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure is a program which aims to link engineering, materials, construction, environment, architecture, business, and public policy to produce graduates with unique holistic perspective and expertise to immediately contribute to the workforce in the area of sustainable and resilient infrastructure. A program evaluation of the SMP has been performed to study the effectiveness of the SMP and identify areas where the goals and vision of the SMP are achieved and areas where improvements can be made. This was completed by analysis of trends within survey responses, review of Master's …
Preliminary Evaluation Of Kenaf As A Structural Material, Andrew Sheldon
Preliminary Evaluation Of Kenaf As A Structural Material, Andrew Sheldon
All Theses
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual fiber plant that is kin to cotton and okra and native to east-central Africa, though it is currently grown in numerous locations around the globe. The plant's apparent high strength and light weight along with its environmental and sustainability advantages makes it a good candidate for use in structural materials. The goal of this study was to design a kenaf product that resembled parallel strand lumber and required minimal processing of the kenaf. The mechanical properties of the two main components of kenaf, the bast fibers and the core, were evaluated using experimental …
Influence Of Different Rubber Modified Binder Variables On Performance Properties Of Porous Asphalt Mixtures, Katelyn Love
Influence Of Different Rubber Modified Binder Variables On Performance Properties Of Porous Asphalt Mixtures, Katelyn Love
All Theses
Porous asphalt is a type of pavement in which surface water can permeate down into the subbase below. Open graded friction course (OGFC) is a type of porous asphalt often used as a surface course on top of dense graded pavements on high speed roadways. Due to an increase in waste tires, rubber modified asphalt has become an increasingly popular material around the world, including the US. The rubber modified asphalt is created by utilizing processed rubber particles blended into the mixture. This research investigated the effects of rubber modified binder on the performance of porous asphalt by evaluating the …
The Development Of Empirical Models To Evaluate Energy Use And Energy Cost In Wastewater Collection, David Young
The Development Of Empirical Models To Evaluate Energy Use And Energy Cost In Wastewater Collection, David Young
All Dissertations
This research introduces a unique data analysis method and develops empirical models to evaluate energy use and energy cost in wastewater collection systems using operational variables. From these models, several Best Management Processes (BMPs) are identified that should benefit utilities and positively impact the operation of existing infrastructure as well as the design of new infrastructure. Further, the conclusions generated herein display high transferability to certain manufacturing processes. Therefore, it is anticipated that these findings will also benefit pumping applications outside of the water sector. Wastewater treatment is often the single largest expense at the local government level. Not surprisingly, …
Numerical Investigation Of One-Dimensional Shallow Water Flow And Sediment Transport Model Using Discontinouous Galerkin Method, Farzam Safarzadeh Maleki
Numerical Investigation Of One-Dimensional Shallow Water Flow And Sediment Transport Model Using Discontinouous Galerkin Method, Farzam Safarzadeh Maleki
All Dissertations
A one-dimensional shallow water flow and sediment transport model is developed using a discontinuous Galerkin finite element scheme. As a first step, four different time marching schemes as well as three different slope limiters have been investigated to find the optimum modeling combination. The efficiency and accuracy of the time marching schemes and slope limiters are quantitatively examined using CPU runtime and comparison between the simulated results and theoretical/experimental data. It is found that using the second order Adam-Bashforth time marching scheme and Monotonized Central method leads to most efficient and accurate results. As the second part of this research, …
Minimizing Bridge And Pavement Deterioration From Large Trucks: A Policy Analysis For Damage Recovery, Kakan Dey
All Dissertations
Facing an exceptional challenge of maintaining state roadways with ever-shrinking financial resources, this research examined multiple facets of the impact of overweight trucks. The objectives of this research were to investigate the impact of overweight trucks on pavements and bridges, and develop policy recommendations based on technical analysis and the modern political and institutional environment in South Carolina. To achieve the objectives, this research modeled pavement and bridge deterioration, investigated the adequacy of standard practices in state agencies, examined how trucking industry perceives those practices, and developed policy analysis models. Pavement and bridge deterioration analysis revealed that pavement and bridge …
Post-Tensioning To Prevent End-Region Cracks In Pretensioned Concrete Girders, Michael Willis
Post-Tensioning To Prevent End-Region Cracks In Pretensioned Concrete Girders, Michael Willis
All Theses
Web-splitting cracking during and immediately after prestress transfer is a common problem in pretensioned concrete beams, often with lasting effects on the durability and performance. By providing an entry point for chlorides and other corrosives, end-region cracks enable degradation of reinforcing steel and further cracking. Current practices offer a variety of methods for controlling end-region cracking. However, methods for preventing--not just controlling or repairing--end-region cracks are necessary to improve prestressed concrete construction. Vertical end-region post-tensioning is a developing method for preventing web-splitting cracks. The purpose of this document is to explore implementation methods of post-tensioning using the turn-of-the nut procedure, …
Application Of Image Processing And Finite Element Analysis In Modeling Chloride Diffusion In Concrete, Arash Razmjoo
Application Of Image Processing And Finite Element Analysis In Modeling Chloride Diffusion In Concrete, Arash Razmjoo
All Dissertations
Utilizing numerical simulation models to predict the long-term mechanical and transport behavior of concrete structures is becoming increasingly popular. The majority of these models have been developed using laboratory test data that consider concrete as a homogeneous material with spherical aggregates. These models could not be a represented of real concrete because it has no primitive shaped aggregate besides that the porosity size and distribution varies from point to point. In this study a novel method for more accurate prediction of the chloride diffusion in concrete was developed. A general framework of the quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and finite element …
Evaluating The Predictive Capability Of Numerical Models Considering Robustness To Non-Probabilistic Uncertianty In The Input Parameters, Parker Shields
Evaluating The Predictive Capability Of Numerical Models Considering Robustness To Non-Probabilistic Uncertianty In The Input Parameters, Parker Shields
All Theses
The paradigm of model evaluation is challenged by compensations between various forms of errors and uncertainties that are inherent to the model development process due to, for instance, imprecise model input parameters, scarcity of experimental data and lack of knowledge regarding an accurate mathematical representation of the system. When calibrating model input parameters based on fidelity to experiments, such compensations lead to non-unique solutions. In turn, the existence of non-unique solutions makes the selection and use of one `best' numerical model risky. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate model performance based not only on the fidelity of the predictions to …
Mechanistic Characterization Of Rubberized Asphalt Mixture And Design Using Full Scale Tire-Pavement Finite Element Modeling, Sajib Saha
All Theses
Rubberized half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA) is being considered as one of the promising and sustainable solutions to the current environmental and economic crisis of asphalt industry. A fully mechanistic characterization and performance analysis of this mixture subjected to realistic loading and temperature conditions is necessary before its application in a practical pavement structure. The objective of this research is to characterize the viscoelastic properties of rubberized HWMA at different temperatures and to develop and validate a finite element model of a tire-pavement structure. In this research, a generalized Maxwell model is chosen to represent the time dependent stress-strain behavior of …
Safety And Operational Characteristics Of Lane Widths On Urban And Rural Roadways A Simulator Study, Meredith Ladue
Safety And Operational Characteristics Of Lane Widths On Urban And Rural Roadways A Simulator Study, Meredith Ladue
All Theses
The primary goal for this study was to further evaluate and assess the effect of lane width on the safety and operation of roadways in South Carolina. Due to various site conditions that affect the safety and operations of roadways, highway design engineers often face many challenges when developing appropriate road design standards. To investigate specific site conditions for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) a research study took place. In 2011, Part 1 of this research included field studies conducted by Kevin Baumann and Trey Jordan. Due to the various limitations of the field studies it was evident …
Optimal Retrofit Strategy Design For Highway Bridges Under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study Of Charleston, Sc, Shawn Parmelee
Optimal Retrofit Strategy Design For Highway Bridges Under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study Of Charleston, Sc, Shawn Parmelee
All Theses
A significant number of US highway bridges are inadequate for seismic loads and could be seriously damaged or collapse during a relatively small earthquake. On the most recent infrastructure report card from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), one-third of the bridges in the United States are deemed to be structurally deficient. To improve this situation, at-risk bridges must be identified, evaluated, and effective retrofitting programs implemented to reduce their seismic vulnerabilities. In practice, the Federal Highway Administration uses the expected damage method and indices method to assess the condition of bridges. These methods compare the severity of expected …
Cost And Embodied Energy Optimization Of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams, Alexander Kosloski
Cost And Embodied Energy Optimization Of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams, Alexander Kosloski
All Theses
Concrete has a large environmental footprint so it is desirable to find ways to efficiently design structural members. Engineers can exercise their abilities early on in the design phase of construction projects to reduce the environmental footprint by minimizing the amount of materials required. One way to achieve these results is to optimize the design of structural concrete. In this study, simple-span rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams with a range of different bending moments were analyzed. The primary goal was to combine life cycle analysis (LCA), numerical optimization, and reinforced concrete mechanics to create a framework for designing efficient RC …
Predictive Maturity Of Inexact And Uncertain Strongly Coupled Numerical Models, Ismail Farajpour
Predictive Maturity Of Inexact And Uncertain Strongly Coupled Numerical Models, Ismail Farajpour
All Dissertations
The Computer simulations are commonly used to predict the response of complex systems in many branches of engineering and science. These computer simulations involve the theoretical foundation, numerical modeling and supporting experimental data, all of which contain their associated errors. Furthermore, real-world problems are generally complex in nature, in which each phenomenon is described by the respective constituent models representing different physics and/or scales. The interactions between such constituents are typically complex in nature, such that the outputs of a particular constituent may be the inputs for one or more constituents. Thus, the natural question then arises concerning the validity …
Seismic Site Coefficient Model And Improved Design Response Spectra Based On Conditions In South Carolina, Shimelies Aboye
Seismic Site Coefficient Model And Improved Design Response Spectra Based On Conditions In South Carolina, Shimelies Aboye
All Dissertations
A new seismic site coefficient model is developed from the results of over 60,000 total stress, one-dimensional equivalent ground response simulations assuming conditions in South Carolina. Computed site coefficients ( F ) are plotted versus average shear wave velocity in the top 30 m (VS30 ) and grouped by location, spectral acceleration (Soutcrop ) and spectral period. Locations considered in the Coastal Plain include Aiken, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Lake Marion, Myrtle Beach, and the South Carolina side of Savannah. Locations considered in the Piedmont include Columbia, Greenville, Greenwood, and Rock Hill. In all the plots of …