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Articles 241 - 270 of 281
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Estimating In-Situ Flexural Strength Of Heat-Affected Prestressed Concrete Beams Using Constituent Material Models, Travis Collins
Estimating In-Situ Flexural Strength Of Heat-Affected Prestressed Concrete Beams Using Constituent Material Models, Travis Collins
All Theses
When a prestressed concrete structure is subjected to a severe fire, significant damage is created to the extent that a visual analysis is sufficient in rendering the structure unusable. Although moderate fires also create structural damage, the effects can often not be visually assessed. Therefore, a need exists for a method that allows structures to be evaluated after a fire has occurred and visual observations present no conclusive evidence for making decisions regarding the structural impact of the fire on the structure.
It was assumed that temperature histories of a member arising from a moderate fire can be determined using …
Investigation Of The Discharge Coefficient For Circular Orifices In Riser Pipes, David Prohaska
Investigation Of The Discharge Coefficient For Circular Orifices In Riser Pipes, David Prohaska
All Theses
The purpose of this study is to examine the discharge coefficient as it pertains to
flow through a circular orifice cut into a thin-walled vertical riser pipe. Perforated riser
pipes are a popular outlet control structure for stormwater detention basins. These
basins are used to store and release stormwater runoff from impervious areas of
developed sites. Federal, state, and local regulatory agencies provide requirements for
the quality of stormwater runoff, as well as the maximum peak discharges from a
developed site. Accurately determining the flow rate from a perforated vertical riser
pipe is crucial to meeting these requirements and protecting …
Investigation Of The Effects Of Aggregate Properties And Gradation On Pervious Concrete Mixtures, Andrew Neptune
Investigation Of The Effects Of Aggregate Properties And Gradation On Pervious Concrete Mixtures, Andrew Neptune
All Theses
Pervious concrete is a concrete mixture prepared from cement, aggregates, water, little or no fines and in some cases admixtures. It has been considered a Best Management Practice by the EPA because of its ability to reduce storm water runoff and to initiate the filtering of pollutants. Because the hydrologic properties of pervious concrete has been the primary reason for its reappearance in construction, the focus of previous research has been on maximizing the drainage properties of the mix with single-sized aggregates. This research, however, investigates the effects of aggregate properties and gradation on the strength, as well as hydrologic …
A Laboratory Study On The Effects Of Submerged Vertical And Semicircular Breakwaters On Near-Field Hydrodynamics And Morphodynamics, David Young
All Theses
A laboratory study is presented herein that investigates the effects of submerged vertical and semicircular breakwaters on near-field hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. Breakwaters are employed worldwide in order to reduce destructive wave forces often imparted on vulnerable shorelines; a task partially completed by reflecting incident wave energy back out to sea. However, two common side-effects of their function are the occurrence of scour at the breakwater, which can lead to structural problems; and offshore ripple formations, which are influential in scour protection failure and sediment transport patterns. This study aims to determine a relationship between breakwaters and the wave reflection coefficient …
Geotechnical Investigations At Three Sites In The South Carolina Coastal Plain That Did Not Liquefy During The 1886 Charleston Earthquake, Ronald Boller
All Theses
Geotechnical investigations were performed at three sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain where liquefaction is believed to not have occurred in 1886 or during other Holocene earthquakes. The three sites are the Coastal Research and Education Center (CREC) located near Charleston, and the Borrow Pit and Marsh Road sites at Hobcaw Barony near Georgetown. The investigations consisted of nine seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings, three non-seismic cone penetration test (CPT) soundings, one standard penetration test (SPT) boring, and two dilatometer test (DMT) soundings. Shear wave velocities (Vs) were calculated from the SCPTs using pseudo interval measurements at the …
Factors Affecting The Performance Of Brick Veneer Construction, Jocelyn Dickie
Factors Affecting The Performance Of Brick Veneer Construction, Jocelyn Dickie
All Theses
The first topic focused on in this report is the height restriction imposed by the masonry standard for brick veneer on wood frame backing. The current US standard (ACI 530-05/ASCE 5-05/TMS 402-05 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures) does not allow brick veneer to extend more than thirty feet above the foundation when supported by wood framing. These prescriptive requirements are compared with those of the Canadian (CSA 304.1-04) and Australian (AS 3700-2001) masonry standards. The logic found for this height restriction is based on the vertical differential movement caused by moisture and thermal expansion of the brick veneer and …
Analysis Of The Impact Of Fuel Price And Bidding Volume On The Engineer's Estimate, Greaton Sellers
Analysis Of The Impact Of Fuel Price And Bidding Volume On The Engineer's Estimate, Greaton Sellers
All Theses
The research project 'Analysis of the Impact of Fuel Price and Bidding Volume on the Engineer's Estimate' was initiated by the South Carolina Department of Transportation and conducted by Clemson University. This research was executed as a two part study, 'Best Practices for Developing the Engineer's Estimate', which addressed two distinct but related objectives. The first research objective was to fully explore the advantages and disadvantage of alternative methodologies utilized to compile the engineer's cost estimate. This research objective is addressed in Report Volume I. The second research objective, which is addressed in this Report Volume II, was to develop …
Development Of Prediction Models Of High Temperature Crumb Rubber Modified Binders, Carl Thodesen
Development Of Prediction Models Of High Temperature Crumb Rubber Modified Binders, Carl Thodesen
All Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to identify and model critical elements of the asphalt rubber matrix contributing to the crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder properties as measured by Superpave testing procedures. Current models are neither applicable (due to new testing procedures) nor practical (due to the difficulty of application or lack of accuracy). Therefore, this research investigated the development of predictive models for estimating binder properties within a specified range of accuracy.
Multiple crumb rubber sources were evaluated in order to gain an understanding of the differences between the various crumb rubbers. This analysis permitted identification of the important …
Effects Of Warm Asphalt Additives On Asphalt Binder And Mixture Properties, Tejash Gandhi
Effects Of Warm Asphalt Additives On Asphalt Binder And Mixture Properties, Tejash Gandhi
All Dissertations
With increasing concerns of global warming and increasing emissions, the asphalt industry is making a constant effort to lower its emissions by reducing the mixing and compaction temperatures of the asphalt mixture without affecting the properties of the mix. Several proprietary chemicals are available in the industry that can help reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures. A significant reduction of required heat can be achieved in most cases. While some studies have been conducted to evaluate the properties of warm mix asphalt; properties of binders and mixtures, in fresh and aged conditions, containing these chemicals have not been studied in …
Transportation Security Framework For A Medium-Sized City, Ryan Fries, Mashrur Chowdhury, Anne Dunning
Transportation Security Framework For A Medium-Sized City, Ryan Fries, Mashrur Chowdhury, Anne Dunning
Publications
Terrorist attacks have made security preparedness unquestionably necessary in all cities. While major metropolitan areas have long recognized that their global visibility has required strong security operations, many medium-sized cities, specifically those of the U.S. and European Union, now face the need to establish transportation security frameworks for the first time. This paper assesses the resources available to help medium-sized cities begin the task of creating such systems. This assessment presents infrastructure risk assessment tools, identifies infrastructure and funding resources, and creates a process for developing a security framework to connect agencies responsible for transportation security in these metropolitan areas. …
Evaluation Of A Computer Vision Traffic Surveillance System, Robert Graham
Evaluation Of A Computer Vision Traffic Surveillance System, Robert Graham
All Theses
This thesis presents an evaluation of the accuracy of a novel computer vision traffic sensor - developed by the Clemson University Electrical and Civil Engineering Departments - capable of collecting a variety of traffic parameters. More specific, the thesis examines how the camera height and distance from the travel way affects the accuracy. The details of the quantitative and qualitative evaluations used to validate the system are provided. The parameters chosen to evaluate were volume, vehicle classification, and speed. Experimental results of cameras mounted at heights of 20 and 30 feet and a lateral distance of 10 and 20 feet …
Seismic Fragility Curves For A Typical Highway Bridge In Charleston, Sc Considering Soil-Structure Interaction And Liquefaction Effects, Matthew Bowers
Seismic Fragility Curves For A Typical Highway Bridge In Charleston, Sc Considering Soil-Structure Interaction And Liquefaction Effects, Matthew Bowers
All Theses
Evidence from historical earthquakes suggests that the vulnerability of highway bridges is significantly affected by large permanent ground deformations caused by liquefaction as well as soil-structure interaction (SSI). The vulnerability of a typical multi-span simply-supported (MSSS) concrete girder bridge found in Charleston, South Carolina, is evaluated with consideration for liquefaction and SSI effects. In general, existing bridges in this region were not originally designed with consideration for seismic events or liquefaction of underlying soils. Fragility curves that represent the probability of exceeding predefined performance levels of damage given an earthquake of a particular intensity are used to evaluate the effects …
Assessing Asr Potential Of Hardened Concrete And The Use Of Rice Husk Ash To Mitigate Asr, David Wingard
Assessing Asr Potential Of Hardened Concrete And The Use Of Rice Husk Ash To Mitigate Asr, David Wingard
All Theses
This two part research study was created to first develop a new process using existing test methods to determine the Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) potential of hardened concrete that is exposed to external alkalis and secondly to determine the ASR mitigation potential of using rice husk ash (RHA) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The first part of the research study was completed by using a new aggregate extraction procedure that uses a combination of hydrochloric acid treatments and abrasion to remove the cement paste from the aggregate. This extracted aggregate was then crushed down to the specified sizes and used …
Sediment Transport Upstream Of Orifices, David Powell
Sediment Transport Upstream Of Orifices, David Powell
All Dissertations
Sediment transport upstream of orifices has not been studied outside the realm of the restoration of reservoir storage capacity. This experimental study used a large basin with a circular orifice outlet and a movable sand bed leveled with the invert of the orifice. Three sizes of non-cohesive, uniform sand were used with d50 values of 0.29mm, 0.72mm, and 0.89mm. Bed profiles at equilibrium scour conditions were measured for three different head levels for each sediment size. The maximum scour depth, length, and scour width were related to the particle size and the available head. The longitudinal and lateral extents …
Investigation Into Mitigation Of Alkali-Silica Reaction Using Selected Scms In Presence Of Potassium Acetate Deicer, Jigar Desai
Investigation Into Mitigation Of Alkali-Silica Reaction Using Selected Scms In Presence Of Potassium Acetate Deicer, Jigar Desai
All Dissertations
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the most recognized durability problems in concrete leading to premature deterioration of different types of concrete structures. Recent investigation into premature deterioration of airfield concrete pavements indicated the aggressive effects of alkali-acetate and alkali-formate based deicers on concrete containing marginal aggregates, in particular on their potential to induce ASR.. This dissertation presents the results and analysis from a research study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of selected supplementary cementitious materials-SCMs (fly ash and slag) as ASR mitigation measures in presence of potassium acetate based deicer.
Five aggregates that encompass a range of mineralogies and …
A Pilot Study On The Effects Of Temperature On The Material Properties Of Prestressed Concrete And The Use Of Thermogravimetric Analysis In The Assessment Of Heat-Affected Concrete, Kacie Caple
All Theses
An understanding of the material property changes in building materials due to exposure to a fire is needed for accurate damage assessment of a structure. Discussion pertaining to material property changes and the bond between concrete and prestressing steel following elevated temperature exposures is presented. Evaluation of the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a post-fire analysis tool to determine the maximum temperature exposure of concrete is also included.
Heated concrete cylinders were tested to determine the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity changes of concrete. Heated steel prestressing strands were tested in tension to determine changes in the ultimate …
Experimental And Analytical Application Of The Hodd Method For The Detection Of Damage, Jacob Merkley
Experimental And Analytical Application Of The Hodd Method For The Detection Of Damage, Jacob Merkley
All Theses
Detecting damage location and severity in civil engineering structures has become an important research topic in the past several decades. Various non-destructive damage identification methods using dynamic properties from ambient and forced vibration have been developed. Researchers have shown that higher order derivatives of mode shapes of the 2nd and 4th order can be effective in detecting damage in civil engineering structures. Furthermore, these higher order derivatives are sensitive to small changes in global stiffness facilitating the detection of small degrees of damage.
In this study a modal analysis is performed on analytical and experimental simply supported beams using the …
Performance Based Contracting And Improving The Current Contracting Process, Troy Berkland
Performance Based Contracting And Improving The Current Contracting Process, Troy Berkland
All Theses
The primary objective of the research described in this report was to suggest improvements to the maintenance contracting process currently utilized by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). A secondary research objective was to examine to what extent SCDOT could migrate more toward performance based, as opposed to method based, highway maintenance specifications.
A comprehensive literature review indicated some states had successfully implemented performance based specifications for a wide range of maintenance activities whereas others had not. Some states have adopted performance based specifications as part of a comprehensive asset management program whereby the contractor typically performs all routine …
Comparison Of Effectiveness Of Roadway Design Treatments For Transitioning From Rural Areas To Urban Areas Using A Driving Simulator, Candice Hein
All Theses
Traffic fatalities are a leading cause of death in the United States. Rural roads are especially hazardous as they account for 60 percent of all traffic fatalities in the United States. Three main reasons for the rural road problems are high speeds, low volumes, and reduced driver awareness. This is particularly problematic where these roads navigate through communities requiring reduced speeds. Drivers who aren't alert and are driving too fast often miss the reduced speed warning signs and often don't slow until after they have entered the community. Therefore, engineers must do something to the design of the roadway environment …
Assessment Of Driver Speeds, Compliance In Rural School Zones: Comparison Of Speed By School Level And Time Of Day, Stuart Day
All Theses
TThis study analyzed driver's speeds prior to entering school zones as well as the speeds traveling through school zones. A comparison was conducted to determine if drivers complied with school speed zones using only the standard school sign arrangement found in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Device. Two rural school zones in Oconee County, South Carolina were analyzed in this study as rural areas tend to have higher speeds and fewer other factors that could contribute to changes in driver behavior. In order to gather data, data collection devices known as Hi-Stars were placed in the roadway on both …
Steer It And Clear It: Effectiveness Of Quick Clearance Legislation, Amy Carol Hamlin
Steer It And Clear It: Effectiveness Of Quick Clearance Legislation, Amy Carol Hamlin
All Theses
Innovative incident management strategies have been sought by transportation professionals to minimize the impacts of incidents on traffic operation and safety. Some current quick clearance strategies such as 'Steer It and Clear It' legislation in South Carolina, which requires driver(s) of involved vehicle(s) in a minor incident to move vehicles promptly from the traveled roadway prior to the arrival of the first responders, can potentially reduce the duration of an incident. The research detailed in this paper endeavored to measure the benefit of the Steer It and Clear It law on a section of I-85 in South Carolina. A simulation …
Wind Effects On Monosloped And Sawtooth Roofs, Bo Cui
Wind Effects On Monosloped And Sawtooth Roofs, Bo Cui
All Dissertations
Wind is one of the significant forces of nature that must be considered in the design of buildings. The actual behavior of wind is influenced not only by the surface (or boundary-layer) conditions, but also by the geometry of the building. All sorts of turbulent effects occur, especially at building corners, edges, roof eaves. Some of these effects are accounted for by the wind pressure coefficient. Wind pressure coefficients used in practice have usually been obtained from experimentally by testing models of different type of structures in wind tunnels.
In this study, a series of wind tunnel tests with scale …
Characterization Of Recycled Aged Crm Binders, Soon-Jae Lee
Characterization Of Recycled Aged Crm Binders, Soon-Jae Lee
All Dissertations
The incorporation of conventional reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements has become routine in many states around the United States and many other countries all over the world. In addition, the recycling of crumb rubber modified (CRM) materials has been an area of interest since CRM was first used in asphalt paving materials over 40 years ago. Previous research on the recycling of rubberized asphalt concrete (RAC) materials have been limited and focused mainly on the mixture properties at the location of in-field paving. However, for the long-term performance characterizations, it is needed to investigate the aging …
Evaluation Of Lithium Based Deicing Chemicals For Mitigating Asr In Concrete Pavement, Senthil Soundarapandian
Evaluation Of Lithium Based Deicing Chemicals For Mitigating Asr In Concrete Pavement, Senthil Soundarapandian
All Dissertations
Deicing and anti-icing chemicals such as alkali-acetate and alkali-formate based formulations are increasingly being used on airfield pavements. Among these new deicers, potassium acetate-based formulations are widely used due to their environmentally friendly nature and effectiveness in melting and undercutting ice at low temperatures. Recent research on premature deterioration of airfield pavements due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) has indicated that alkali-acetate and alkali-formate deicers such as potassium acetate and sodium formate may have been responsible for the observed distress. In an effort to develop a deicing chemical that is benign to concrete from an ASR standpoint, a new deicing formulation …
Numerical And Physical Modeling Of Turbulent Shear Flows, John Raiford
Numerical And Physical Modeling Of Turbulent Shear Flows, John Raiford
All Dissertations
This dissertation is an evaluation of popular turbulence schemes; both three dimensional and depth-averaged, and also includes an experimental study on shallow near bed jets. The three dimensional and RNG turbulent closure schemes are evaluated for free and bounded shear flows. For free shear flows (circular and plane turbulent jets), the scheme with standard coefficient performs equally well and in some cases better than the renormalized group scheme in predicting growth rate, decay of centerline velocity and longitudinal velocity profiles. For turbulent kinetic energy across the jet, the inner region is better predicted by the RNG scheme.
The second case …
Evaluating The Impacts Of Accelerated Incident Clearance Tools And Strategies By Harnessing The Power Of Microscopic Traffic Simulation , Ryan Fries
All Dissertations
Traffic incidents cause Americans delay, waste fuel, cause injuries, and create toxic emissions. Transportation professionals have implemented a variety of tools to manage these impacts and researchers have studied their effectiveness, illustrating a wide range between different tools and locations. To improve this state of knowledge, this dissertation sought to 1) identify prominent and effective incident management strategies, 2) model six selected incident management strategies within five highway corridors in South Carolina, and 3) apply benefit-cost analysis to evaluate the impact of various combinations of these strategies.
To meet these objectives, the author evaluated published literature of the selected strategies, …
Evaluation Of Different Contra-Flow Strategies For Hurricane Evacuation In Charleston, South Carolina, Liz Stephen
Evaluation Of Different Contra-Flow Strategies For Hurricane Evacuation In Charleston, South Carolina, Liz Stephen
All Theses
The number of category four and five hurricanes has nearly doubled over the past decade. Charleston, the second most populous city in South Carolina, is located on a very low peninsula, making it susceptible to floods during hurricanes and storm surges. In the event of a hurricane, the population at-risk must be evacuated to safety as quickly as possible. The Interstate system is the primary mode to evacuate at-risk population out of Charleston. Effective traffic management strategies are needed to manage the significant increase in demand on highways during the evacuation and contra-flowing traffic has been applied as a strategy …
Wall And Ground Movements In A Braced Excavation In Clays And Serviceability Reliability Of Adjacent Buildings, Cheng Liang Hsiao
Wall And Ground Movements In A Braced Excavation In Clays And Serviceability Reliability Of Adjacent Buildings, Cheng Liang Hsiao
All Dissertations
The goal of this dissertation research is to establish an improved procedure for evaluating the excavation-induced ground settlement and building serviceability. This research covers several closely related topics. Firstly, a simplified small strain soil model developed by Hsieh et al. (2003), called the Modified Pseudo Plasticity (MPP) model, is evaluated for its capability and performance in the prediction of the excavation-induced ground deformation behavior using Finite Element Method (FEM). Secondly, for the development of the envisioned empirical models for estimating the excavation-induced wall and ground responses, a database of excavation case histories are compiled. To complement the database of excavation …
Information Flow To Support Front End Planning, Ryan George
Information Flow To Support Front End Planning, Ryan George
All Dissertations
Previous research has demonstrated the value of front end planning as it impacts project performance. This dissertation summarizes the findings of a research project which examined ways to improve information flow through the front end planning process. The front end planning process was carefully diagrammed as consisting of 33 distinct information flow activities, each with its own information flow entities and interactions. Fifty-one questionnaire survey forms were analyzed to obtain data for the 33 information flow activities that included activity duration, resources expended, and other supplemental insights such as the extent of information availability. The 51 projects were then grouped …
A Lean Modeling Protocol For Evaluating Green Project Delivery, Leidy E. Klotz, Michael Horman, Mark Bodenschatz
A Lean Modeling Protocol For Evaluating Green Project Delivery, Leidy E. Klotz, Michael Horman, Mark Bodenschatz
Publications
The first vital step to leaning an operation is to model or map the processes used to deliver value in that operation. This allows the requisite understanding of where waste and non value-adding activity exists, and provides the foundation for improvement. Current protocols for modeling operations present the basic tenets for lean mapping, but tend to be based in manufacturing language, and are not easily adapted to capital facilities projects. “Green” or “sustainable” capital projects delivered using current project delivery systems seem to be laden with hidden waste. These projects tend to be more challenging to deliver due increased levels …