Civil Engineering Commons^™

Urban Underground Infrastructure Monitoring Iot: The Path Loss Analysis, Abdul Salam, Syed Shah

Faculty Publications

The extra quantities of wastewater entering the pipes can cause backups that result in sanitary sewer overflows. Urban underground infrastructure monitoring is important for controlling the flow of extraneous water into the pipelines. By combining the wireless underground communications and sensor solutions, the urban underground IoT applications such as real time wastewater and storm water overflow monitoring can be developed. In this paper, the path loss analysis of wireless underground communications in urban underground IoT for wastewater monitoring has been presented. It has been shown that the communication range of up to 4 kilometers can be achieved from an underground …

An Underground Radio Wave Propagation Prediction Model For Digital Agriculture, Abdul Salam

Faculty Publications

Underground sensing and propagation of Signals in the Soil (SitS) medium is an electromagnetic issue. The path loss prediction with higher accuracy is an open research subject in digital agriculture monitoring applications for sensing and communications. The statistical data are predominantly derived from site-specific empirical measurements, which is considered an impediment to universal application. Nevertheless, in the existing literature, statistical approaches have been applied to the SitS channel modeling, where impulse response analysis and the Friis open space transmission formula are employed as the channel modeling tool in different soil types under varying soil moisture conditions at diverse communication distances …

Wavelet Transform On Digital Rainbow Hologram Based On Spectral Compression For Quality Enhancement In 3d Display Media, Ucuk Darusalam, Panca Dewi Pamungkasari

Makara Journal of Technology

A digital rainbow hologram (DRH) is a potential next-generation three-dimensional display media for the development of modern and smart electronics devices. It is one of the methods that can support the characteristic whereby a realistic display media occupies the space that the real object would have occupied. Since a rainbow hologram records a large amount of spatial or temporal frequency component from the object that represents the rainbow spectrum, a large amount of information needs to be decoded digitally. In this paper, to reconstruct a DRH, we propose a novel method based on the modulation of red, green, and blue …

Molecularly Conductive Behavior Of Blended Polymer Electrolyte-Based Cmc/Pva, Noor Saadiah Mohd Ali, Dishen Zhang, Yuki Nagao, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

This study investigated the electrical conduction and structural behavior of blended polymer electrolyte (BPE)-based carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the development of solid-state electrochemical devices. Based on impedance spectroscopy and correlating Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) with thermogravimetric analysis, a framework was proposed to explain the structural enhancement of the BPE system. As revealed by FTIR, the optimum conductivity of CMC/PVA BPEs was 9.21 × 10−6 Scm−1 for 80:20 composition attributed to the intermolecular attraction between the polymers. Thermal stability of the CMC/PVA was influenced by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl (-OH), carboxylate (-COO-), …

Multistage Sonication Effect On The Composition And Properties Of Degraded Chitosan Product, Nurul Laili Arifin, Emma Savitri, Anjar Indah, Fesa Putra, Sumarno Sumarno

Makara Journal of Technology

The sonication method randomly breaks polymer chains to produce a varied distribution of products. A scheme with multi-stage sonication steps is proposed to identify oligomers and low molecular weight chitosan based on changes to the degrad-ed product. For each sonication level, 1% (w/v) chitosan in 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid was sonicated for 120 min at 60 °C. The products of the sonication treatment were deprotonized by adding an alkali solution, freeze dried and insoluble product re-sonicated until a low molecular weight was produced. Low molecular weight chitosan/insoluble products were character-ized with Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) …

Data Fusion Method Based On Adaptive Kalman Filtering, Bernadus Herdi Sirenden

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper discusses data fusion methods to combine the data from a rotary encoder and ultrasonic sensor. Both sensors are used in a micro-flow calibration system developed by the Research Center of Metrology LIPI. The methods studied are hierarchical data fusion and Kalman filtering. Three types of Kalman filters (KFs) are compared: the conventional Kalman filter and two adaptive Kalman filters. Moreover, a method to combine the uncertainty results from KF in hierarchical data fusion is proposed. The aim of this study is to find appropriate methods of data fusion that can be implemented in micro-flow calibration systems. Data from …

Study Of Zno Nanospheres Fabricated Via Thermal Evaporation For Solar Cell Application, Fatin Farisha Alia Azmi, Bouchta Sahraoui, Saifful Kamaluddin Muzakir

Makara Journal of Technology

A solar cell is a device that absorbs light energy to generate electrical energy. A typical example of a solar cell is the quantum dot solar cell (QDSC), which consists of three main components: (i) fluorophore: the component that absorbs light and generates excited state electrons and holes, (ii) photoelectrode: the component that transports the excited state electron and prevents recombination of excited state electrons and holes, and (iii) electrolyte: the component that re-plenishes the vacancy left by the excited electron in the hole. Despite the increasing number of research in the QDSC field, to date, a device with significant …

Sorption-Based Energy Storage Systems: A Review, Kyaw Thu, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Sourav Mitra, Bidyut Baran Saha

Makara Journal of Technology

Mismatched timing between the supply and demand of energy calls for reliable storage systems. Energy storage systems have become further significant with the widespread implementation of renewable energy. These systems can mitigate problems that are often associated with renewable energy sources such as supply unreliability while meeting the de-mand during peak hours. Energy can be stored in various forms, yet storage systems can be generally grouped based on their output forms, namely (i) electricity and (ii) heat or thermal energy. Electrical energy is the most convenient and effective form since it can power almost all modern devices. However, the electricity …

Electrical Properties Of A Novel Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte Based On Algi-Nate Incorporated With Citric Acid, Ahmad Faizrin Ahmad Fuzlin, Noor Syahida Ismail, Yuki Nagao, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

In the present study, a novel solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) system is introduced by doping citric acid into alginate polymer. A sample of the alginate-citric acid SBE system was prepared via a solution casting technique. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the electrolytes of alginate-citric acid analyzed from 5 Hz to 1 MHz achieved the highest conductivity at 20 wt.% of 5.49 × 10-7 S cm-1. The temperature dependence of various citric acid amounts obeyed the Arrhenius rule with R2~1, where all SBE systems were thermally activated with increasing temperature. The dielectric studies of the alginate-citric acid SBE system showed non-Debye …

Conversion Of Heat Energy From Cooling Water Of Diesel Engine To Electrical Energy Using Thermoelectric Generator, Muhammad Hasan Albana

Makara Journal of Technology

This research objective is to convert heat from the radiator fluid of a diesel engine to electrical energy by utilizing a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The TEG consists of 20 semiconductors (TE modules) and is equipped with a heat sink. The research shows that using the TEG, the heat of radiator fluid can be converted to electrical energy, although the electricity generated is small. The maximum electrical voltage generated by the TEG when modules were connected in series was 10 volts. When the TE modules were connected in parallel and series-parallel, the maximum voltages generated were 2.11 and 2.53 volts, respectively. …

Immittance Response On Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blend With Polyvinyl Alcohol- Doped Ammonium Bromide-Based Biopolymer Electrolyte, Norfatihah Mazuki, Yuki Nagao, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

The blended carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with various compositions of ammonium bromide (NH4Br)-based solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) were prepared by using the casting method. In this present work, CMC/PVA–NH4Br SBE thin film was used to investigate the electrical conductivity via electrical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum conductivity obtained was 3.21 X 10−4 S cm−1 for sample AB20 at ambient temperature (303 K), and this result might be due to the increased number of charge carrier. A dielectric study was conducted to understand the conductivity behavior. The electrical properties have been measured as a function of frequency of …

Transition Metal Dichalcogenide For High-Performance Electrode Of Supercapacitor, Saifful Kamaluddin Muzakir, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin, Bouchta Sahraoui

Makara Journal of Technology

Molybdenum dichalcogenides have been reviewed from the perspectives of bandgap, conductivity, and oxidation states of transition metal. Researchers have concluded that a narrow-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenide with high conductivity could be achieved for the high-performance electrode of a supercapacitor.

Automated Compilation Test System For Embedded System, Mohamad Khairi Ishak, Ooi Jun Hwan, Teh Jiashen, Nor Ashidi Mat Isa

Makara Journal of Technology

Embedded system testing involves testing an integration of software and hardware. It is increasingly difficult to evaluate the functionality of each module within a short time because of the increasing number of tests required. In this paper, a novel stepwise methodology involving the use of an automated compilation test system (ACTS) is proposed, to improve the quality of testing and optimize the testing time using automation. Using the proposed method, the testing coverage can be maximized, while minimizing the manual work and testing time required. This ACTS was used to automate the test code compilation and execution for different hardware …

Activated Carbon Fixed-Bed Adsorber Design For Treating Chromium Hexavalent Wastewater, Tedi Hudaya, Velicia Rachmat

Makara Journal of Technology

Pollution caused by industrial wastewater containing heavy metals is a major issue, primarily due to its toxic nature. A cheap yet effective method to deal with such wastewater is activated carbon adsorption. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and design a fixed bed adsorber with granular activated carbon as an adsorbent to process wastewater-containing chromium hexavalent (Cr 6+). Experiments show that the Langmuir isotherm fits the equilibrium data as effectively as the Freundlich isotherm. Activated carbon used in this research is Jacobi 2000® derived from bituminous coal. The lab scale inlet volumetric flow is 100 mL/h with different …

A 2.3/3.3-Ghz Dual Band Low Noise Amplifier Using Switchable Load Inductor In 0.18-Um Cmos Technology, Taufiq Alif Kurniawan, Hsiao-Chin Chen

Makara Journal of Technology

In this paper, the dual band low noise amplifier is designed in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. By combining the proposed switchable load inductor for gain controlling and the conventional inductive source degeneration topology, narrow band gain and good impedance matching are achieved at 2.3/3.3-GHz frequency bands. The new mathematical analysis of low noise amplifier design is derived to define the component parameters of the proposed circuits. The proposed low noise amplifier exhibits gain of 17.18 dB and 15.5 dB, and noise figure of 2.67 dB and 2.52 dB at the two frequency bands, respectively.

Ascorbic Acid Degradation In Cut Lemon Packaged Using Oxygen Scavenging Active Film During Storage, Kurniawan Yuniarto, Setyo Purwanto, Bruce Ari Welt, Anang Lastriyanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Oxygen scavenging active film can be used to prevent diffusion of free oxygen due to the action of permeation mechanism. In this study, biodegradable oxygen scavenging plastic film was designed by incorporating an antioxidant agent into plasticized polylactic acid or PLA-PEG (PPLA). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was added at different concentrations into the matrix of the PPLA film using a direct casting method to produce oxygen scavenging active film. The antiradical activity of the oxygen scavenging active film was observed, which could be applied for preventing vitamin C degradation in cut lemon during storage. The antiradical activity of the active film …

The Importance Of Usability Aspect In M-Commerce Application For Satisfaction And Continuance Intention, Yassierli Yassierli, Vinsensius Vinsensius, M. S. Syed Mohamed

Makara Journal of Technology

There has been a rapid growing of m-commerce application in recent years due to the development of mobile communication technology and e-commerce business. However, only about 30% of online users, who conduct online searching, make online purchases. The low conversion rate seems to be correlated with poor usability aspect of most m-commerce applications and poor satisfaction reported by users. Research has reported that satisfaction and continuance intention in using m-commerce applications have relationships with service quality and information quality. In this study, a new model of user satisfaction and continuance intention in the context of mobile application was proposed by …

Automation Of Post-Earthquake Civil Infrastructure Reconnaissance, Jack Bergquist

Architectural Engineering

Traditionally post-earthquake structural engineering reconnaissance consists of a team of experts who are deployed to the field to record and capture earthquake damage data, which is later uploaded into online repositories. Despite many advances to these data archives in recent years, the entries in online repositories often have limited metadata which make it difficult and time consuming to extract specific damage evidence that can be used for meaningful analysis. This report outlines the author’s contributions to overcoming these challenges via the development of a neural network that automatically filters and classifies post-earthquake civil infrastructure damage data after a seismic event. …

Internet Traffic Forecasting Model Using Self Organizing Map And Support Vector Regression Method, Enrico Laoh, Fakhrul Agustriwan, Chyntia Megawati, Isti Surjandari

Makara Journal of Technology

Internet traffic forecasting is one of important aspect in order to fulfill the customer demand. So, the service quality of internet service provider (ISP) can be maintained at the good level. In this study self-organizing map (SOM) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithm are used as forecasting method. SOM is first used to decompose the whole historical data of traffic internet into clusters, while SVR is used to build a forecasting model in each cluster. This method is used to forecast ISPs traffic internet in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The result of this study shows that SOM-SVR method gives more …

Effects Of The Preheating Temperature On The Crystal Structure And Texture Of Martensitic Stainless Steel, Tri Hardi Priyanto, Rifai Muslih, Herry Mugirahardjo, Bharoto Bharoto, Andon Insani, Muzzakiy Muzzakiy

Makara Journal of Technology

Theoretically, the preheating temperature refers to the start martensite temperature (Ms), and the martensite transformation can be considered as the conservation of the invariant habit-plane in the lattice structure. The habit-plane is the interface plane between austenite and martensite as measured on a macroscopic scale. From the calculation, Ms = 252 °C. The martensite formation can be affected by temperature or stress treatment. In this experiment, temperature treatment was conducted. The sample was treated at 250 °C ± 10 °C. Before and after the pre-heat treatment, the sample was characterized using the neutron diffraction method. BATAN’s Texture Diffractometer (DN2) with …

Investigation Of Ship Hull Girder Strength With Grounding Damage, Muhammad Zubair Muis Alie, Ristiyanto Adiputra

Makara Journal of Technology

The objective of the present study is to investigate ship hull girder strength as a result of grounding damage upon longitudinal bending. A bulk carrier and tanker are analyzed and Smith’s Method is adopted and implemented in the analysis program. An efficient solution procedure is performed by assuming the cross-section remains plane and the vertical bending moment is applied to the cross section. As a fundamental case, the damage is simply created by removing the elements from the cross section. Welding residual stress, initial imperfections, and crack extensions are not considered. The grounding damage is made by two conditions, namely …

Real-Time Non-Contact Road Defect Detection Using Inexpensive Sensors, Zhao Xing Lim, Mohammad Jahanshahi, Tarutal Ghosh Mondal, Da Cheng, Shutao Wang, Mohammad K. Sweidan, Aanis Ahmad, Omar Hesham Abouhussein, Xi Chen

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Road defects such as potholes, humps, and road cracks have become one of the main concerns for road and traffic safety worldwide. Pavement defect detection is crucial to ensure road safety. However, current solutions to this problem are either too time-consuming or too expensive to be employed large-scale. We propose a novel approach which has the ability to autonomously detect potholes in real-time using cost-effective sensors. Inexpensive sensors are mounted on a vehicle and a deep learning algorithm is used to identify road defects. The detection system is paired with a GPS and positional sensors to map the location of …

Purdue Air Sense: A Methodology For Improving The Accuracy Of Ambient Aerosol Mass Concentration And Size Distribution Measurement With Low-Cost Optical Sensing Techniques, Rishabh Ramsisaria, Satya Sundar Patra, Brandon Emil Boor

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

There is a global lack of a means for monitoring air pollutant levels at a local level due to expensive and bulky instrument requirements. It is important to monitor toxic gas levels, as well as particulate matter levels, in the atmosphere to study their effects on human health and to further develop city- and community-level air pollution solutions. In this study, with the means of a Raspberry Pi, low-cost Alphasense Optical Particle Counter and gas sensors, and methodical calibration techniques, we built a portable 3-D printed module powered by clean electricity generated by an on-board Voltaic solar cell that measures …

Satellite-Based Monitoring Of Spatiotemporal Changes In Batudulang Forest In Sumbawa, Indonesia, Mohammad Muslim, Arief Budhi Witarto, Wahyu Indrajaya

Makara Journal of Technology

Space-based earth observation technology applicable to forest inventory and monitoring is well known in the scientific community. High-resolution satellite images form an important data source for forest mapping and change detection at regional and national scales. The value of forest change information derived from remote sensing data is significantly enhanced if this information is integrated into a spatially explicit geographic information system. Satellite-based rapid assessment was conducted to measure spatiotemporal changes in Batudulang forest over the years. The general approach to quantify change in the spatial aspect of the forest involved change detection using moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer satellite-based normalized difference …

Strength Structure Analysis Of Main Gate Graving Dock Using Pontoons For Condition Repairs, Budianto Budianto

Makara Journal of Technology

Main gate graving dock with pontoon type can certainly suffered some level of damage after a long period of operation. Many employments within the graving dock can delay the process repair of main gate. The main gate may not be opened, because employees are still working to ship fabrication process under sea waterline. For accommodate these interrelated conditions, the best solution with repair one side of the main gate with type pontoon and employees can still work ship fabrication process in graving dock conducted simultaneously. The repair process conditions must be required main gate structure that consists of only one …

Microstructures And Hardness Of Tig Welded Experimental 57fe15cr25ni Steel, Parikin Parikin, Mohammad Dani, Abu Khalid Rivai, Agus Hadi Ismoyo, Riza Iskandar, Arbi Dimyati

Makara Journal of Technology

The microstructures and hardness of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded experimental 57Fe15Cr25Ni steel were investigated through optical–scanning electron microscopy analyses and with a hardness tester, respectively. The welding process restructured the constituent atoms into regular and irregular crystal lattices. Rapid cooling of the weld metal allowed the formation of a dendritic (columnar) structure, with porous grains. By contrast, slow cooling influenced HAZ and led to the formation of grain structures. The crystal lattice became more organized and larger than other zones. Meanwhile, the base metal formed circular nets that covered large area inside thick and thin grain boundaries. The diffraction …

Mapping Of Bruise Of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch During Loading And Transportation From Field To Mill, Andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto

Makara Journal of Technology

Fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) are used as raw materials for palm oil, and their transport from a field is a critical step to maintain their quality. Fruit integrity should be maintained so the mill can efficiently obtain palm oil with less than 5% free fatty acid content. Physical treatments for FFBs during loading to truck bins and transport may cause physical injuries. This research aimed to map fruit bruises. The map can be used as a basis in managing transport of FFBs. Physical injuries were assessed by bruise index (BI), which was calculated by measuring the bruise area and weight …

Benchmarking Product Service System Of Generator Set Distributors, Venny Violetta Tiurindah, Tanika Dewi Sofianti

Makara Journal of Technology

Power generation is an industry that is essential to sustain daily life and competes with generator set distributors. The product service system of distributors must be improved to survive the competition. This research aims to develop tools for benchmarking the product service system of generator set distributors. Benchmarking identifies gaps between a product and other competitors’ products. In this work, a product service system board is used to visualize the current product service system of a generator set distributor. A PPIAF framework and a SERVQUAL framework are adapted to assess product performance and service quality, respectively. AHP is used as …

Solar And Rain Catching Canopy. Urban Oasis, Afolabi Ibitoye, Langston Clark, Elena Zimareva, Evan Banks, Alexander Aptekar

Publications and Research

The Urban Oasis is designed to work within existing “pocket parks” in New York City as a combined rainwater collector, personal electronics charging station and resting designation for New Yorkers. Intended to not only lessen the demand on the city power grid by using renewable energy to charge devices, the urban oasis is also intended to mitigate grey water overfill in New York’s combined sewer system and, in general, serve as a model for responsible environmental stewardship in urban areas.

The important technical aspects of the canopy specifically analyzed were:

a) how much rainwater could the canopy be expected to …

Structural And Photoluminescence Properties Of Zno Thin Films Deposited By Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis, Iwan Sugihartono, Erfan Handoko, Vivi Fauzia, Artoto Arkundato, Lara Permata Sari

Makara Journal of Technology

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on a silicon (Si) (111) substrate were grown herein using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at 450 °C with different Zn concentrations. The ZnO thin films had X-ray diffraction patterns of a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The (002) and (101) peak intensities changed under different Zn concentrations. Furthermore, according to Scherer's and Stokes–Wilson equations, the crystallite size and the internal strain of the ZnO thin films in the (002) and (101) peaks changed with the Zn concentration. Optically, the photoluminescence spectra indicated that the ratio of the UV/GB emission of the ZnO thin films was the highest …