Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Multi-Objective Conjunctive Use Optimization, H. C. Fayad, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a simulation/optimization model based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms for solving multi-objective conjunctive water use problems. The model simulates and optimizes water flows in a hydraulically connected reservoir-stream-aquifer system. It is a powerful tool to help water managers and authorities in developing conjunctive water management strategies and evaluating tradeoffs between conflicting goals.

Optimization Modeling For Groundwater And Conjunctive Use Water Policy Development, Richard C. Peralta, R. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Planners must sometimes decide how to restrict or reduce groundwater use to prevent unacceptable future problems. Often there are several alternatives (policies). Comparing policies can involve formulating a sustained groundwater yield optimization problem and computing an optimal groundwater pumping strategy for each. This is easy via the SOMOS simulation/optimization (S/O) model. Subsequent analysis can include: flow simulation to predict transient water level response to pumping; and economic evaluation to estimate costs and returns. Two examples predict the best consequences of potential physical and legal management policies for alluvial and valley basin fill aquifers hydraulically linked to surface waters. Results show …

Somos Simulation/Optimization Modeling System, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

SOMOS (Simulation / Optimization Modeling System) is a family of simulation / optimization (S/O) modules to aid in optimally managing water resources. SOMOS results from twenty years experience developing optimization models and applying them to real-world problems, including 11 pump-and-treat (PAT) systems and numerous water supply problems. SOMOS significantly improves water management or designs and saves money. Its user’s manual provides excellent training in principles of applying optimization to managing aquifer and stream-aquifer systems. It is being incorporated with powerful groundwater modeling and visualization packages.

Practical Simulation /Optimization Modeling For Groundwater Quality And Quantity Management, Richard C. Peralta, Ineke M. Kalwij, Shengjun Wu

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Software for mathematically optimizing groundwater management has improved significantly in recent years. The SOMOS code can readily handle large complex plume and water management problems. Most recently, it developed a least-cost $40.82M 30-yr pumping strategy for the 6.58 mile long Blaine NAD plume. That strategy was 19 percent better than the strategy developed simultaneously by an experienced consultant using normal trial and error simulation procedures. The management problem involved 60 stress periods, and well installation and pumping rates that could change every 10 periods. The optimal strategy employed 10 new wells. At a simpler site, SOMOS helped select robust strategies …

Watershed Management Technique To Control Sediment Yield In Agriculturally Dominated Areas, John W. Nicklow, Misgana K. Muleta

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Non-point source pollution is recognized internationally as a critical environmental problem. In Illinois, soil erosion from agricultural lands is the major source of such pollution. The erosion process, which has been accelerated by human activity, tends to reduce crop productivity and leads to subsequent problems from deposition on farmlands and in water bodies. Comprehensive watershed management, however, can be used to protect these natural resources. In this study, a discrete time optimal control methodology and computational model are developed for determining land use and management alternatives that minimize sediment yield from agriculturally-dominated watersheds. The solution methodology is based on an …

Remediation Simulation/Optimization Demonstrations, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Applications of simulation/optimization (S/0) software to develop contamination remediation strategies include formal remediation optimization using heads and gradients (hydraulics-based) and concentrations (risk-based) constraints. The six reported cases involve pump and treat systems, or pump, treat and re-inject systems, together termed PAT systems. We used S/0 modeling to perform hydraulic optimization for two of the sites and transport optimization for four. For four of the six sites, other parties used normal simulation (S) modeling alone to develop pumping strategies. Comparing the S/0 model-developed strategies with the S model-developed strategies showed S/0 modeling benefits ranging up to: (a) 25 percent reduction in …

Simulation/Optimization Applications And Software For Optimal Ground-Water And Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Diverse water management simulation/optimization (S/O) experiences promoted the development of many S/O modeling approaches and models. Several of these are being incorporated within the Simulation/Optimization Modeling System (SOMOS). Non-modeler water scientists or engineers can apply one SOMOS module to optimize field-scale groundwater and conjunctive water management. Experienced groundwater modelers can apply other modules to optimally manage complex heterogeneous aquifer and stream-aquifer systems. SOMOS employs a variety of simulation models and approaches and optimization algorithms to optimize flow and contaminant management. SOMOS or its precursor modules have been well proven in real-world projects. Designed for use by consultants, students, academics, and …

Water Resources Systems Analysis - Course Notes, A Bruce Bishop, Trevor Hughes, Mac Mckee

All ECSTATIC Materials

Water resources systems analysis course notes for CEE 6410 taught at Utah State University. Coverage includes:

Chapter 1 - Concepts and methods

Chapter 2 - Linear programming-introduction and graphical methods

Chapter 3 - Linear programming - simplex method

Chapter 4 - Linear programming - applications to simple water problems

Chapter 5 - Dual LP and post optimality analysis

Chapter 6 - Integer programming

Chapter 7 - More applications of integer programmign

Chapter 8 - Piecewise linearization

Chapter 9 - Other types of LP models

Chapter 10 - Dynamic programming

Chapter 11 - Gradient-based nonlinear optimization methods

Chapter 12 - Genetic …

Seismic Isolation Of A Highly Skewed, Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridge, Bradley Neil Robson, Issam E. Harik, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A relatively new approach for designing or retrofitting highway bridges in seismic zones involves isolating the superstructure from the substructure. Through experimental and analytical investigations, this study evaluates the effectiveness of isolating one particular bridge: a highly skewed, prestressed concrete, slab-on-girder bridge. Dynamic testing of the bridge was performed using the pullback, quick-release method. A three dimensional finite element model of the bridge was created. It was refined, or calibrated, to match experimentally determined natural frequencies and mode shapes. Time-history analyzes, using site-specific acceleration records, were conducted for the seismically isolated bridge model and an identical, non-isolated bridge model.

For …

Optimizing Separate Phase Light Hydrocarbon Recovery From Contaminated Unconfined Aquifers, G. S. Cooper, Richard C. Peralta, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A modeling approach is presented that optimizes separate phase recovery of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) for a single dual-extraction well in a homogeneous, isotropic unconfined aquifer. A simulation/regression/optimization (S/R/O) model is developed to predict, analyze, and optimize the oil recovery process. The approach combines detailed simulation, nonlinear regression, and optimization. The S/R/O model utilizes nonlinear regression equations describing system response to time-varying water pumping and oil skimming. Regression equations are developed for residual oil volume and free oil volume. The S/R/O model determines optimized time-varying (stepwise) pumping rates which minimize residual oil volume and maximize free oil recovery while …

Introduction To Simulation/Optimization Modeling For Groundwater Containment Remediation And (B) Ramifications Of Applying S/O Modeling To Groundwater Containment Remediation, With Case Study Examples, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Normal use of a simulation model to develop a groundwater extraction/injection strategy employs the following process: (1) specify management goals, (2) assume a pumping strategy, (3) simulate system response to the pumping strategy, (4) evaluate acceptability of the system responses, (5) repeat steps (2-4) as required. This is a trial and error approach that is unlikely to actually yield the best pumping strategy for complicated problems

Optimum Geometrical Parameters For Prismatic Folded Plate Roofs: System- Atic Search Approach, N Mwitta

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Folded plate structures have unique structural advantages over conven- nonal beam-and-slab structural forms. Selection of optimum geometrical parameters in design would make folded plate roofs more appealing to the national construction industry in terms ofcost. This paper presents a study on shape optimization of prismatic folded plate roofs for minimum weight of the structure per unit covered area. A computer based systematic search approach has been employed.for the optimization study, while the tranyeer matrix method has been used for analysis. Curves opriinum geometrical parameters versus span have been pre sented for three commonly used shapes of prismatic folded plate roofs. …

Integrated Embedding Optimization Applied To Salt Lake Valley Aquifers, A. Gharbi, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The embedding optimization modeling approach is adapted to aid sustainable groundwater quantity and quality management of complex nonlinear multilayer aquifers. Implicit block-centered finite difference approximations of the quasi three-dimensional unsteady flow equation and Galerkin finite element approximations of the two-dimensional advection-dispersion transport equation are embedded directly as constraints in the model. Also used are nonlinear constraints describing river-aquifer interflow, evapotranspiration, and vertical flow reduction due to unconfinement. These circumvent use of large numbers of integer variables. The use of both linear and nonlinear formulations in a cyclical manner reduces execution time and improves confidence in solution optimality. The methodology is …

The Computer Aided System For Planning Efficient Routes, J. R. Wright

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation has sponsored the design and implementation of a decision support system for routing highway maintenance vehicles – the Computer Aided System for Planning Efficient Routes (CASPER). Designed for solving multiobjective route design problems, CASPER has been used by agency personnel to design routes for winter maintenance vehicles with significant results: cost savings of more than $9-million to the State of Indiana through more efficient use of materials, equipment, and personnel, while at the same time significant improvement in overall level of network and public service. CASPER integrates 1: an extensive spatial network database (GIS/CAD), 2) …

Introducing Uncertainty Of Aquifer Parameters Into An Optimization Model, Robert L. Ward, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A stochastic analysis is made for a previously described groundwater contaminant management model {Peralta and Ward, 1988). The stochastic model is based on incorporating uncertainty of the aquifer parameters transmissivity and effective porosity into the model. This is accomplished by finding the partial derivative of drawdown with respect to each of these parameters using a Taylor series expansion approximation of the Theis equation. Input that is required for the stochastic version is the mean of the transmissivity and effective porosity, the coefficient of variation of the transmissivity and effective porosity, and a reliability level (0%-100%) . The reliability is a …

Practical Optimization Modeling For Contaminant Plume Management, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Simulation/optimization (S/0) models can be used to greatly speed the process of computing desirable groundwater pumping strategies for plume management. They make the process of computing optimal strategies fairly straightforward and can help minimize the labor and cost of groundwater contaminant clean-up.

Ground-Water Policy-Making Support: Usem Optimization Modelling Plus Gis And Graphics, Richard C. Peralta, Christopher M. U. Neale, Ali Gharbi, Mazibur Khan, Oscar Daza, Douglas Ramsey, Kurt Vest

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A support tool for ground-water management decision making involves integration of a multiobjective optimization model, GIS and graphics software. Two results are improved consideration of spatial data within the optimization model and improved conversion of optimal strategies to real-world application. Another result is improved visualization of the trade-offs involved between conflicting management goals.

Implementation Of The Indiana Bridge Management System, User's Manual, Lisa Chow Gion, Justin Gough, Jeffrey Dunn Vitale, Kumares C. Sinha, Robert E. Woods

JTRP Technical Reports

This report provides a user's manual for the implementation of the project evaluation and program development part of the Indiana Bridge Management System (IBMS). The tools and techniques found in these programs were primarily developed from previous research by the Joint Highway Research Project at purdue University. The IBMS runs on an IBM-compatible computer under 05/2.

Pluman, Decision Support System For Groundwater Contaminant Plume Simulation/Optimization Management Model, Herminio H. Suguino, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Hydraulic Performance Of A Vortex Tube Foector, F Mtaro

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The vorle.r tube silt exrrac/or consists of a pipe, rhe crest of which has a slit and lies flush across lhe canal bed.With minimal warer loss, I.oe bedload is extracted through lhe slil settling canal back ro the river, thus reducing or eliminating the bedload transported in main canal. Ihe resulting swirling flow phenomena is of complex nature and depends on sc conirol paramerers, as a result of which previous empirical design approaches have yielded conflicting guidelines. By means Of a simplified hydraulic system, the flow mechanism and energy in rhe can be determined.

Warrants And Guidelines For Installation Of Guardrail, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky, as most other states, has in the past relied on the AASHTO "Barrier Guide'' for guidance in the installation of guardrail. Additional information related to barrier selection and installation was recently published in the form of the AASHTO "Roadside Design Guide. " However, considerable judgement is required for application of this information and it was determined that significant benefit could be derived from development of guidelines representative of conditions in Kentucky. Listed below are significant results from this study.

1. Results from a previous survey of guardrail standards and guidelines were summarized and it was found that only a few …

Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Unsteady Groundwater Management, Richard C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Presented are alternative techniques for including conservative solute transport within computer models for optimizing groundwater extraction rates. Unsteady two-dimensional flow and dispersed conservative solute transport are assumed. Comparisons are made of the practicality of including modified forms of implicit and explicit finite difference solute transport equations within optimization models. These equations can be calibrated and subsequently used within a MODCON procedure. The MODCON modelling procedure consists of an integrated series of five optimization or simulation modules. The procedure is applicable for either an entire aquifer system or for a subsystem of a larger system. The first module, A, computes physically …

Optimal Allocation Of Water Among Industries In Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania, J. I. Matondo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Dar es Salaam is the city with the largest number of industries in Tanzania. However, the water demand for these industries is more than the supply. Therefore, there is a water use competing problem among the industries. Dynamic programming technique has been applied to optimally allocate the available water among the industries with the objective of maximizing the net benefits. Results reveal that, industries with the highest net return per unit of water will get the first priority of being allocated water.

A Multiple-Plan Evaluation Model For Small Ungauged Watersheds, James R. Dexter

Masters Theses

A computer solution model is proposed for simulation of the effect of alternative measures for flood damage reduction. The goal of the model is to optimize the value of an objective function which will maximize the amount of net benefits returned by the project. The evaluation includes unit hydrograph synthesis, direct runoff construction, computation of average annual damages, and optimization of an objective function. A test application of the model is made on a small community affected by floods from a small ungauged stream"--Abstract, page iii.

Minimum Cost Design Of Water Distribution Systems, Don J. Wood, C. O. Charles

KWRRI Research Reports

The objective of this study was to develop the analytical tools and procedures for minimum cost design of water distribution systems. Both analog and digital means of carrying out pressure and flow calculations were developed. As a result of this effort, digital programs for pressure and flow calculations in water distribution systems were written and have been widely distributed to practicing engineers. One procedure is based on a direct solution of the basic system equations using a linearization scheme and has several advantages over conventional techniques such as the Hardy Cross method. These include avoiding the need to initially balance …

Process Control Of Activated Sludge Treatment, Richard I. Kermode, Robert W. J. Brett, Kenneth A. Debelak, John J. Davis

KWRRI Research Reports

General feed forward controllers, conforming to standard control modes, have been derived for an activated sludge process. The analysis indicated that the appropriate controllers are proportional control with measurement of substrate flow rate, and derivative control with measurement of inlet substrate concentration, and manipulation of the rate of return sludge by both controllers.

The performance of these controllers was tested by computer simulation of five dynamic aerator models with and without sludge storage, and with two settling basin models. In all cases significant reduction of the maximum exit substrate concentration was achieved. Additional improvement resulted from the use of sludge …