Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Construction Zone Pavement Marking Materials, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this report were to evaluate all available foil-back and removable tapes as well as construction zone raised pavement markers and to recommend materials that should be included on approved lists for use by the Kentucky Department of Highways. The tapes were placed on transverse test sections and as lane lines and the reflectivity, durability, and appearance were observed. The markers were observed at test sections as well as at construction sites.

Lists of tapes to be included on the approved lists for foil-back and removable tapes were recommended. Tapes manufactured by 3M and Flex-0-Lite were included on …

Evaluation Of Durable Crosswalk And Stopbar Marking Materials (Interim Report), Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study is to find the most cost-effective durable marking material to provide long-lasting stop bars and crossbars. Three materials were tested: 1) 3M Stamark tape, 2) Prismo preformed tape, and 3) extruded thermoplastic. The evaluation concerned the durability, reflectivity, and appearance of the materials. Test installations have been in place for about 18 months, and this interim report summarizes findings for that period. The evaluation will continue for another 18 months, and recommendations will be presented in a final report.

Based on current evaluations, the extruded thermoplastic material would be considered the most cost-effective material for …

Evaluation Of Durable Lane Delineation Materials (Interim Report), Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of the study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of available marking materials by means of field tests and to develop a policy for material selection of lane delineation based on these tests. Materials tested included: 100 percent solid epoxy paint, polyester paint, extruded thermoplastic, 3M Stamark tape, 3M Bisymmetric tape, EPOFLEX, solvent epoxy paint, and chlorinated rubber paint. Most test installations have been in place for over two years, and this interim report summarizes findings for that period. The evaluation will continue for another 18 months with recommendations presented in a final report.

Based on current data, expanded …

Evaluation Of Snowplowable Markers, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to evaluate available snowplowable markers under similar traffic and snowplowing operations. There were five different markers tested which included the following: 1) Stimsonite 96, 2) Dura-Brite, 3) recessed, 4) Kingray, and 5) Prismo Roadstud.

The Stimsonite 96, Dura-Brite, and recessed markers were found to be acceptable snowplowable markers. All three of these markers were found to have adequate reflectivity during both dry and wet nighttime conditions. This reflectivity was maintained over the test period and the markers proved to be durable when subjected to snowplow operations. However, considering all available input, the recessed marker …

Evaluation Of Pavement Tape As Lane Delineation, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This study involved the field testing of four types of pavement tapes, all manufactured by the 3M Company. The tapes evaluated included Scotchlane, Stamark Removable, Stamark, and an experimental tape. The experimental tape had an extremely high initial reflectivity but poor durability, which would preclude use in its present form. The remaining tapes exhibited good durability when used as lanelines and edgelines. The Scotchlane tape exhibited the best long-term reflectivity. The Stamark tape does not provide sufficient reflectivity and could not be used in areas where delineation would be critical. The Stamark Removable tape was easily removed manually after one …

Low-Void Concrete Mixtures, Assaf S. Rahal, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to modify concrete mix-design formulas to supplant all water over and above that needed for hydration with a non-evaporable liquid material and(or) a super-water-reducer or plasticizer -- thus producing a low-void concrete. A water-cement ratio of 0.244 - 0.30 was presumed minimal for hydration of the cement. Several polymeric materials, asphalts, oils, and superplasticizers were used. Success was achieved with two latexes, one epoxy, and several superplasticizers. The use of these materials in concrete resulted in improved strength, reduction of air voids and permeability, and enhancement of resistance to corrosive chloride salts.

Raised-Aggregate, Lane-Delineation Stripe, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Experimental raised-aggregate (1/2 inch (13 mm) to 1 inch (25 mm)) traffic stripes were installed on approximately 0.4 mile (644 m) of US 60 just north of the intersection with US 421 in Franklin County. Installation was during June 1974. Aggregate stripes were painted yellow and used as skip lines inside the continuous channelization stripes to indicate no crossing into the two-way, left-turn lane except for turning movements.

Observations indicated that the raised-aggregate stripes had good durability after being exposed to 2 years of wear. During dry, nighttime conditions, the paint stripes were slightly more effective than the aggregate stripes; …

Evaluation Of Thermoplastic Pavement-Striping Materials (Louisville And Jefferson County), Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Approximately 1,406,100 linear feet (428,579 m) of hot-sprayed thermoplastic stripe was applied to roadways in Louisville and Jefferson County in the summer of 1973. Visual observations of appearance, durability, and night visibility were conducted according to ASTM D 713-69, the standard method for conducting road service tests on traffic paint. Attempts to conduct photometer measurements of the thermoplastic striping were unsuccessful. Visual observations made during rainy, nighttime conditions were also unsuccessful because very little difference was noticeable among the various sections.

The evaluation showed that the thermoplastic stripes performed considerably better on bituminous concrete pavements than on portland cement concrete …

Evaluation Of Paint-Stripe Beads, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this phase of the overall "Roadway Delineation" study were to evaluate the luminosity and durability of several types of glass beads and one type of plastic bead used with paint stripes and to determine their effectiveness during rainy, nighttime conditions. Eleven types of beads were evaluated. They were applied at rates approximating 4, 5, and 6 pounds per gallon (479, 599, and 719 kg/m3). Photometer and visual observations extended to about 9 months after application of test stripes.

Transverse, Pavement Markings For Speed Control And Accident Reduction, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Transverse pavement markings were placed ahead of a sharp curve having a high-accident history. Speed and accident studies were conducted before and after. The markings were placed so that drivers otherwise failing to reduce speeds while approaching the curve would see transverse lines on the pavement at an increasing rate. The spacing of lines was intended to create an illusion of acceleration which would cause the driver to slow. The results indicated that pavement markings can be an effective speed-control measure and reduce accidents. At the single site studied, the obedience of drivers to this type of hazard warning was …

Evaluation Of Raised Pavement Markers, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operational applicability of raised pavement markers and to determine their effectiveness with respect to brightness and durability. Seven different types of markers were evaluated. The primary application of markers in this study was as a supplement to lane lines. They were also used as a traffic control measure at lane drops, as delineation for hazardous curves, and as directional arrows.

Luminosity and durability were monitored for approximately one year. It was found that raised pavement markers can be a very effective method of roadway delineation. Markers evaluated had varying levels of …

Reconstruction Work Upon Solima Pier, K Alibhai

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Voidless Concrete Mixtures For Bridge Decks, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to modify concrete mix-design formulas to supplant all water over and above that needed for hydration with a non-evaporable material -- thus producing a no-void concrete. It was adjudged that a water-cement ratio of 0.244 would be practical for hydration of the cement. Several polymeric materials, asphalts, and oils were used to replace the excess mixing water. Success was achieved using two latexes and one epoxy. The use of these materials in concrete resulted in improved strength, reduction of air voids and permeability, and enhancement of resistance to corrosive chloride salts.

High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Field observations and laboratory tests and evaluations were conducted on High-Intensity and Engineering grade materials (Scotchlite), manufactured by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and were compared in regard to reflectivity, durability, and cost.

The High-Intensity type materials were found to have outstanding performance characteristics in comparison to Engineering Grade materials. The material significantly enhances sign legibility under low-beam illumination, and accelerated weathering tests showed superior durability.

Durability Of Traffic Paint On Portland Cement Concrete Pavements, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Performance of a series of transverse lines applied to a relatively new concrete pavement, utilizing primes and pretreatments, is reported. The report includes descriptions of the location of test lines and types of paint and pretreatments, performance histories, and analysis of results. Chlorinated rubber, epoxy, and urethane paints were the most durable. Neither pretreatment nor the use of primes significantly increased durability.