Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Experimental Testing And Constitutive Modelling Of Pavement Materials, Xueyan Liu, Yuqing Zhang, Zhanping You, Linbing Wang, Changhong Zhou

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Pavement materials such as asphalt mixtures, granular aggregates and soils exhibit complex material properties and engineering performance under external loading and environmental conditions [...].

Concise Summary Of Existing Correlations With Thermophysical Properties Of Seawater With Applications: A Recent Review, Furqan Jamil, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Mehdi Haji Khiadani

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Physical and thermal specifications of seawater are used by researchers and engineers in different fields. Accordingly, a vast array of literature has been devoted to developing different correlation equations for calculating seawater characteristics. This review presents a concise investigation of various physical and thermal specifications of seawater including: density, boiling point and vapor pressure, osmotic coefficient and pressure, surface tension, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific heat capacity, isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansivity and Gibbs energy. Further to this, apsects of temperature, salinity and pressure have a significant influence on these properties, and will also be considered here. The …

Spatiotemporal Variability In Total Dissolved Solids And Total Suspended Solids Along The Colorado River, Godson Ebenezer Adjovu, Haroon Stephen, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The Colorado River is a principal source of water for 40 million people and farmlands in seven states in the western US and the Republic of Mexico. The river has been under intense pressure from the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities associated with population growth leading to elevated total dissolved solid (TDS) and total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations. Elevated TDS- and TSS-related issues in the basin have a direct negative impact on the water usage and the ecological health of aquatic organisms. This study, therefore, analyzed the spatiotemporal variability in the TDS and TSS concentrations along the river. …

A High-Speed Portable Ground Heat Exchanger Model For Use In Various Energy Simulation Software, Ryan Davies, Matt Mitchell, Edwin Lee

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

A portable component model (PCM) of a ground source heat pump system was developed and used as a test case in the creating of a PCM development framework. By developing this framework, new building energy simulation models will be able to be easily integrated into existing simulation software such as EnergyPlus and the Modelica Buildings Library. Our model uses a time responsive g-function and numerical methods to simulate ground source heat pumps for single time steps as well as long time scales. We validated our model against GHESim and GLHEPro and found that our model agrees with these two standards …

Influence Of Support Attachment Pattern On The Out-Of-Plane Buckling Capacity Of Steel Deck, Divyansh R. Kapoor, Brian Bogh, Kara D. Peterman

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

Diaphragms (Figure 1) serve as a critical component of a building's lateral force resisting system (LFRS), transferring lateral loads from the façade of the structure to the designated vertical lateral force resisting system. Design guidance for profiled steel diaphragm panels can be found in AISI S310 - 20 (AISI 2020) and SDI DDM04 (Luttrell 2015) and are controlled by connection limit states or buckling limit states. Deck connectivity with the underlying frame can either be fully attached (For example 36/7), i.e. connected through the bottom of each flute, or partially attached (for example 36/5 or 36/4) where not all the …

Automated Detection And Characterization Of Cracks On Concrete Using Laser Scanning, Yunfeng Ge, Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Huiming Tang, Xiaolong Xia

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate crack detection and characterization on concrete are essential for the maintenance, safety, and serviceability of various infrastructures. In this paper, an innovative approach was developed to automatically measure the cracks from 3D point clouds collected by a phase-shift terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (FARO Focus3D S120). The approach integrates several techniques to characterize the cracks, which include the deviation on point normal determined using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and principal components analysis (PCA) algorithms to identify the cracks, and principal axes and curve skeletons of cracks to determine the projected and real dimensions of cracks, respectively. The coordinate transformation was then …

Field Implementation And Performance Of Fiber-Reinforced Low-Shrinkage Concrete For Bridge Deck Construction, Ahmed Abdelrazik, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Reports on the Field Implementation of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Used for Redecking the Two-Span overpass Bridge in Missouri. the Spans Measured 38.4 and 35.05 M in Length. Modeling of the Structural Behavior of the Bridge Replacement Deck Indicated Significantly High Tensile Stresses at Midspan (Up to 45 MPa) Due to the Continuity of the Deck over the Four Precast Main Girders. Redecking of the Bridge and Casting of the Central Diaphragm Were Carried Out Continuously and Necessitated 40 Concrete Truck Deliveries of 252 M3 of FRC. Six Sensor Towers Were Installed in the Bridge Deck to Monitor Variations …

Developments In Construction Workers’ Compensation Insurance With The Use Of Biometrics, Kobe Tooch

Construction Management

Construction insurance, especially that of workers’ compensation, is vital for the protection of general contractors, but it comes at a high cost and limits their control over contract terms. Biometric devices, such as heart rate monitors and motion capture, have the potential to revolutionize the industry by reducing construction insurance premiums. Heart rate monitors can provide real-time data on workers' physical activity and health, while motion capture analyzes movements to identify unsafe movement patterns performed by workers. By monitoring workers' biometrics, construction companies can ensure their safety, prevent hazards, and implement targeted training programs. This personalized data can lead to …

Rilem Tc 266-Mrp: Round-Robin Rheological Tests On High Performance Mortar And Concrete With Adapted Rheology—A Comprehensive Flow Curve Analysis, Dimitri Feys, Helena Keller, Khadija El Cheikh, Egor Secrieru, Yannick Vanhove

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A comprehensive testing program was carried out to compare the rheological properties of flowable concrete that can be obtained from different rheometers. The results obtained from seven rheometers using vane or similar geometries are discussed. A comprehensive flow curve analysis is undertaken for further comparison of the various rheometers. Partially, large differences could be observed between the results obtained from the different rheometers. However, the device-specific trendlines are shown to have significant correlations with the overall baseline. Two potential causes of differences between results are highlighted: imposition/registration of torque/rotational velocity and discrepancies between the measured material flow behavior in the …

Impacts Of A Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake On Water Levels And Wetlands Of The Lower Columbia River And Estuary, M. W. Brand, Heida Diefenderfer, J. E. O’Connor, Amy B. Borde, D. A. Jay, Aqeel Al-Bahadily, M. Mckeon, S. A. Talke

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Subsidence after a subduction zone earthquake can cause major changes in estuarine bathymetry. Here, we quantify the impacts of earthquake-induced subsidence on hydrodynamics and habitat distributions in a major system, the lower Columbia River Estuary, using a hydrodynamic and habitat model. Model results indicate that coseismic subsidence increases tidal range, with the smallest changes at the coast and a maximum increase of ∼10% in a region of topographic convergence. All modeled scenarios reduce intertidal habitat by 24%–25% and shifts ∼93% of estuarine wetlands to lower-elevation habitat bands. Incorporating dynamic effects of tidal change from subsidence yields higher estimates of remaining …

Analytical Study Of Silane-Based And Wax-Based Additives On The Interfacial Bonding Characteristics Between Natural Rubber Modified Binder And Different Aggregate Types, Ashiru Sani, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Khairul Anuar Shariff, Najib Mukhtar, Mohammad Nishat Akhtar, Ikenna D. Uwanuakwa, Qingli Dai, Tracy Leh Xin Wong

Michigan Tech Publications

The modification of asphalt binder with natural rubber latex (NR) significantly improves the rutting and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. However, NR-modified binder is prone to low workability and wettability due to its high viscosity. Therefore, this research focuses on examining the influences of silane and wax-based additives on the wettability of natural rubber-modified binders and the binder-aggregates adhesion performances. In this study, experimental and analytical approaches were used. The contact angles of asphalt binder were measured using a goniometer through the sessile drop method with three solvents: deionised water, formamide, and glycerol. The C++ algorithm was adopted to compute …

Preliminary Bond Capacity Exploration Between Monolayer Graphene And Cementitious Composites, Yanping Zhu, Chuanrui Guo, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Aims to Explore Bond Capacity between Monolayer Graphene and Cementitious Composites for the First Time through a Pullout Test. the Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Method Was Used to Synthesize Monolayer Graphene on the Copper Substrate to Be Embedded in the Mortar Made by the Briquette Mold. the Bond Capacity between Them Was Higher Than the Tensile Strength of the Copper Sheet with As-Grown Monolayer Graphene on the Surface Since All Specimens Failed in Fracture with Embedment Length of More Than 30 Mm. the Monolayer Graphene Enhanced the Copper Tensile Fracture Stress and Normalized Energy during the Test as …

Coating Condition Detection And Assessment On The Steel Girder Of A Bridge Through Hyperspectral Imaging, Pengfei Ma, Jiaoli Li, Ying Zhuo, Pu Jiao, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The organic coating of bridge steel girders is subjected to physical scratches, corrosion, and aging in natural weathering. The breakdown of the coating may cause serviceability and safety problems if left unnoticed. Conventional coating inspection is time-consuming and lacks information about the coating's chemical integrity. A hyperspectral imaging method is proposed to detect the condition of steel coatings based on coating-responsive features in reflectance spectra. A field test was conducted on the real-world bridge, which shows obvious signs of degradation. The hyperspectral signature enables an assessment of the coating's health and defect severity. The results indicated that the coating scratch …

Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation Using Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Craig Newtson, Judit M. Garcia, Seyedsaleh Mousavinezhad

Data

Over the past few decades, Class F fly ash has been widely used in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) due, in part, to its ability to mitigate alkali-silica reaction (ASR). However, future availability of fly ash is uncertain as the energy industry shifts towards renewable sources, resulting in the closure of coal-burning power plants. Therefore, there is a growing need to find alternatives to fly ash that are both cost effective and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), metakaolin, and a locally available natural pozzolan mined from a pumicite …

Accelerated Sulfate Attack Testing For Concrete, Craig Newtson, Seyedsaleh Mousavinezhad, William Toledo, Federico Aguayo

Data

Extensive research has been conducted on sulfate attack of concrete structures, however, the need to adopt use of more sustainable materials is driving a need for a quicker test method to assess sulfate resistance. Class F fly ash, which is a byproduct of coal combustion for electricity generation, has historically been used in concrete mixtures to improve sulfate resistance. However, environmental considerations and evolving energy industry has decreased its availability, requiring the identification of economically viable and environmentally friendly alternatives to fly ash. Another challenge in addressing sulfate attack durability issues in concrete is that the standard sulfate attack test …

Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation Using Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Craig Newtson, Judit M. Garcia, Seyedsaleh Mousavinezhad

Publications

Over the past few decades, Class F fly ash has been widely used in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) due, in part, to its ability to mitigate alkali-silica reaction (ASR). However, future availability of fly ash is uncertain as the energy industry shifts towards renewable sources, resulting in the closure of coal-burning power plants. Therefore, there is a growing need to find alternatives to fly ash that are both cost effective and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), metakaolin, and a locally available natural pozzolan mined from a pumicite …

Accelerated Sulfate Attack Testing For Concrete, Craig Newtson, Seyedsaleh Mousavinezhad, William Toledo, Federico Aguayo

Publications

Extensive research has been conducted on sulfate attack of concrete structures, however, the need to adopt use of more sustainable materials is driving a need for a quicker test method to assess sulfate resistance. Class F fly ash, which is a byproduct of coal combustion for electricity generation, has historically been used in concrete mixtures to improve sulfate resistance. However, environmental considerations and evolving energy industry has decreased its availability, requiring the identification of economically viable and environmentally friendly alternatives to fly ash. Another challenge in addressing sulfate attack durability issues in concrete is that the standard sulfate attack test …

Investigating Disparities And Safety Equity In Pedestrian Nighttime Crashes In Michigan, Sia Isaria Mwende

Masters Theses

For the past eleven years (2011 - 2021) in Michigan, 76 percent of all fatal pedestrian crashes occurred at night. Over the same period, about 36 percent of pedestrian nighttime crashes were fatal or incapacitating (KA), while only 25 percent of daytime pedestrian crashes were fatal or incapacitating (KA). Previous studies suggest that, overall, poor neighborhoods and racial minorities are associated with more pedestrian crashes. With more fatal and incapacitating pedestrian crashes occurring at night, it is imperative to examine how these crashes are distributed by economic status and racial makeup. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the racial and …

Assessing Boil Water Notices As Health-Risk Communication: Risk Perceptions, Efficacy, And Compliance During Winter Storm Uri, Ashleigh M. Day, Sydney O'Shay, Khairul Islam, Matthew W. Seeger, Shawn P. Mcelmurry

Open Data at Wayne State

Winter Storm Uri was an extreme disaster that impacted much of the United States during February of 2021. Texas and Oklahoma were generally not prepared for such an event and experienced massive power grid failures. This led to cascading risks including water system disruptions and many boil water notices (BWNs). The breakdown of some communication channels and the inability to enact protective actions due to power outages, as well as travel limitations on public roads, complicated both dissemination and implementation. Under these conditions, a non-representative, cross-sectional, survey was collected to assess individuals experience BWNs and how perceived efficacy impacts compliance. …

Freeze-Thaw Damage Assessment Of Engineered Cementitious Composites Using The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Method, Ru Bai, Shuguang Liu, Changwang Yan, Ji Zhou, Lihe Lu, Lin Li

Civil and Architectural Engineering Faculty Research

The mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) in service in cold regions can be significantly degraded by periodic freezing and thawing. In this work, the damage degree of freeze–thaw of ECC was systematically assessed by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. In addition, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Relaxometry measurements were also performed to obtain pore structure parameters, and the uniaxial tensile tests were also carried out to analyse the tensile performance after freeze–thaw cycles. From the acquired results, it was demonstrated that the EIS behaviour of ECC varied with the freeze–thaw cycles. The diameter of the Nyquist curve …

Modeling Potential Damages Of Hurricanes At The Facility Scale: A Case Study Of Eglin Air Force Base, Alexander J. Baldwin, Christopher M. Chini, Steven J. Schuldt, Justin D. Delorit

Faculty Publications

Tropical cyclones have intensified and are expected to strengthen throughout the 21st century due to climate change impacts. Storm intensification poses a serious threat to coastal municipalities and infrastructure that are not designed to withstand future wind and storm surge potential. Coupled modeling software has been widely used to replicate extreme weather events and simulate climate change effects to understand the magnitude of vulnerability coastal regions face. However, these studies are often conducted at too coarse resolutions to provide decision makers with actionable information for facility-level adaptation. This study addresses this limitation using a coupled modeling approach by simulating climate-intensified …

Multi-Hazard Socio-Physical Resilience Assessment Of Hurricane-Induced Hazards On Coastal Communities, Omar M. Nofal, Kooshan Amini, Jamie E. Padgett, John W. Van De Lindt, Nathanael Rosenheim, Yousef M. Darestani, Amin Enderami, Elaina J. Sutley, Sara Hamideh, Leonardo Duenas-Osorio

Michigan Tech Publications

Hurricane-induced hazards can result in significant damage to the built environment cascading into major impacts to the households, social institutions, and local economy. Although quantifying physical impacts of hurricane-induced hazards is essential for risk analysis, it is necessary but not sufficient for community resilience planning. While there have been several studies on hurricane risk and recovery assessment at the building- and community-level, few studies have focused on the nexus of coupled physical and social disruptions, particularly when characterizing recovery in the face of coastal multi-hazards. Therefore, this study presents an integrated approach to quantify the socio-physical disruption following hurricane-induced multi-hazards …

Merging Multiple Existing Geotechnical Databases, Charlie Sun, Brad Rister, Eileen Grady

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses a project undertaken by Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) researchers to create a comprehensive geotechnical database for highway planning, design, maintenance, and repair. The project consolidated multiple geotechnical data sources into a unified database accessible to Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) staff, enabling informed decision making and improving project outcomes. Databases were merged with great attention to detail, ensuring data integrity and coherence. A geotechnical data collector app developed as part of the project supports convenient and efficient data collection in the field, even when phones or tablets lack network connectivity. A rockfall rating app and landslide hazard rating …

Data From: Shallow-Water Habitat In The Lower Columbia River Estuary: A Highly Altered System, Will Templeton, David Jay, Heida Diefenderfer, S. A. Talke

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Datasets

This is the dataset to accompany the article, Shallow-Water Habitat in the Lower Columbia River Estuary: A Highly Altered System [Data set], accepted for publication in Estuaries and Coasts.

OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL DATA FILES:

The files include water level data for 26 locations across varying time frames, as described below, and Columbia and Willamette River discharge measurements and estimates for observed, naturalized, and adjusted flows.

All water levels:

1. All water levels are reported as six-minute interpolated water level records derived from measured water levels. 2. The first column is date-time with date and time separated by a …

French Drain Project At Woods Humane Society, Thomas Douglas Collins

Construction Management

The Woods Humane Society is a prominent animal care facility that aims to rehabilitate, rescue, and assist in the adoption of dogs and cats in the greater San Luis Obispo area. The property contains multiple dog playpen areas which consist of a concrete slab surrounded by a chain link fence, designed for the animals to have an open space to run around throughout the day. Employees are required to hose down the slab hourly to maintain a clean environment for the animals. When employees hose down the playpen areas, a considerable amount of water runs off the slab and into …

Experimental Characterization And Computer Vision-Assisted Detection Of Pitting Corrosion On Stainless Steel Structural Members, Riley J. Muehler

Master's Theses

Pitting corrosion is a prevalent form of corrosive damage that can weaken, damage, and initiate failure in corrosion-resistant metallic materials. For instance, 304 stainless steel is commonly utilized in various structures (e.g., miter gates, heat exchangers, and storage tanks), but is prone to failure through pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking under mechanical loading, regardless of its high corrosion resistance. In this study, to better understand the pitting corrosion damage development, controlled corrosion experiments were conducted to generate pits on 304 stainless steel specimens with and without mechanical loading. The pit development over time was characterized using a high-resolution laser …

Investigation Of Placement Of Polyethylenimine Within Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes For Enhanced Anti-Fouling Properties, Taylor F. Austin

Master's Theses

Fresh water scarcity is an alarming issue for communities across the globe. The development of water recycling and reuse technologies has become crucial in expanding the limited water resources. Reverse osmosis (RO) is among the key processes that can treat wastewater to meet potable water reuse standards. Despite the advancements in RO membrane technologies, many challenges persist regarding the operation and maintenance of RO membranes, such as membrane fouling. Extensive research investigations have focused on developing RO membrane modifications to combat the decreased performance due to fouling. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a promising polymer used for enhancing the anti-fouling properties of …

Sustainability In Concrete Masonry With Natural Pozzolans, Ceiley L. Davis

Architectural Engineering: Graduate Reports

To achieve greater sustainability in masonry construction for the Western market it is common to replace masonry grout's partial cement content with waste pozzolans. As waste pozzolans are in limited supply, as the coal burning market in the West diminishes, this research investigates viable grout mixtures which replace cement with Natural Pozzolans, a more plentiful sustainable replacement. The present work investigated the percentage of Natural Pozzolans that can be partially substituted for cement for grout mixtures to achieve an axial compressive strength of 2000psi within 28 and 56 days of curing. To determine efficacy per ASTM 476-22, “Standards Specifications for …

The Design And Construction Of A Radio Telescope, Avery Elizabeth Bunting, Kira Hope Tolman

Architectural Engineering

Two architectural engineering students and an electrical engineering student worked together to design and build a radio telescope that is capable of using hydrogen line astronomy to map the galaxy. The telescope is made entirely out of aluminum, which, combined with small deflection limits, made for an iterative design process that focused primarily on constructability and supporting the desired outcomes of the electrical side.

Xenabloom, Sophia Maglabe, Ryer Lauth, Elizabeth Shaw, Sheyna Rongong

Architectural Engineering

Proposal for an architectural and structural design of a shade structure at the Leaning Pine Arboretum, employing the Xenaform typology of Poly Shells, LLC.