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2016

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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 2181

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Str-834: Seismic Performance Of Modular Steel Frames Equipped With Shape Memory Alloy Braces, Papia Sultana, Maged A. Youssef Jun 2016

Str-834: Seismic Performance Of Modular Steel Frames Equipped With Shape Memory Alloy Braces, Papia Sultana, Maged A. Youssef

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Modular steel buildings (MSBs) are widely used for one to six storey schools, apartments, and similar buildings, where repetitive units are required. Modular units are first built and finished under a controlled manufacturing environment. They are then transported to the building site, where they are connected horizontally and vertically. The lateral load resisting system for MSBs usually relies on steel braced frames, which dissipate the seismic energy through steel yielding. This behaviour leads to residual drifts complicating the repair of seismically damaged buildings or rendering them as irreparable. Systems that can minimize the seismic residual drifts are thus needed. Superelastic …

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Str-836: State-Of-The-Art In Near-Field And Contact Explosion Effects On Reinforced Concrete Columns, Alok Dua, Abass Braimah Jun 2016

Str-836: State-Of-The-Art In Near-Field And Contact Explosion Effects On Reinforced Concrete Columns, Alok Dua, Abass Braimah

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Blast loads are categorized as far-field and near-field loads in terms of the scaled distance. Far-field and near-field loading are associated with explosions that occur at scaled distances of more than or less than 1.18 m/kg1/3, respectively. The blast waves from a far-field explosion arrive simultaneously at and exert uniformly distributed pressure on a target. Response computations can be performed using the semi-empirical relations (charts) presented in UFC-3-340 design manual, ConWep program or high fidelity physics based commercial software like LS-DYNA, AUTODYN, and ABAQUS. On the other hand, for near-field blasts, the interaction between blast waves and structures is more …

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Str-837: Punching Shear Behaviour Of High Strength Concrete Slab-Column Connections Reinforced With Gfrp Bars, Ahmed M. Hussein, Ehab El-Salakawy Jun 2016

Str-837: Punching Shear Behaviour Of High Strength Concrete Slab-Column Connections Reinforced With Gfrp Bars, Ahmed M. Hussein, Ehab El-Salakawy

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The catastrophic nature of punching shear failure exhibited by flat plate system requires a great attention and robust predictions of the behaviour of slab-column connections. This paper presents an experimental study carried out to investigate the punching shear behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete (RC) interior slab-column connections made of high strength concrete (HSC). Three full-scale HSC specimens were constructed and tested up to failure. The three connections were reinforced with GFRP sand-coated bars with reinforcement ratios of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% without any shear reinforcement. The typical dimensions of the test specimens were 2800 × 2800 × 200 …

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Str-839: Addressing The Issues Of Modal Identification Using Tensor Decomposition, Peter W. Friesen, Ayan Sadhu Jun 2016

Str-839: Addressing The Issues Of Modal Identification Using Tensor Decomposition, Peter W. Friesen, Ayan Sadhu

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Modal identification has been an indispensable tool for condition assessment of critical civil infrastructure. Recently several signal processing techniques including time-frequency analysis have shown significant success in addressing wide range of challenges in modal identification of flexible structures. In a parallel development, tensor decomposition is explored as an attractive and versatile system identification tool that can use even a limited number of vibration sensors to estimate the modal parameters under ambient excitations. In this paper, the performance of tensor decomposition is evaluated for modal identification of a building model under a multitude of earthquake excitations.

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Str-840: Investigation Of Live Load Moment And Shear For The Design Of Bridge Deck Slab Cantilevers With Unstiffened Edge Or Built With Tl-5 Barrier Wall, Ivan Micovic, Khaled Sennah Jun 2016

Str-840: Investigation Of Live Load Moment And Shear For The Design Of Bridge Deck Slab Cantilevers With Unstiffened Edge Or Built With Tl-5 Barrier Wall, Ivan Micovic, Khaled Sennah

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This study builds on the methods of analyses with respect to cantilever slabs in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC), and recommends new simplified equations for the intensity of the transverse moment and shear force at the base of the cantilever overhang due to applied vertical truck loading. A parametric study was conducted using finite-element modelling on bridge deck cantilevers with variable lengths and slab thicknesses. Different end stiffening arrangements were considered, including the presence of PL-3 barriers walls (recently renamed to TL-5) as well as the concrete curb supporting intermittent steel posts carrying the bridge railing. The barrier …

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Str-843: Caractérisation De La Maçonnerie De Pierres Pour L’Évaluation Sismique De Bâtiments Patrimoniaux, Pascal Moretti, Marie-José Nollet, Ahmad Abo El Ezz Jun 2016

Str-843: Caractérisation De La Maçonnerie De Pierres Pour L’Évaluation Sismique De Bâtiments Patrimoniaux, Pascal Moretti, Marie-José Nollet, Ahmad Abo El Ezz

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

L’évaluation de la résistance sismique des bâtiments patrimoniaux en maçonnerie de pierres non armée (MNA) est la première étape nécessaire à l’évaluation du risque sismique associé et l'élaboration d'une stratégie de réhabilitation optimale tout en conservant les caractéristiques de l'architecture d'origine. L’évaluation de la résistance latérale des murs en MNA est complexifiée par le fait qu’ils sont souvent composés de deux ou trois parois de matériaux aux propriétés variables, et leur résistance aux charges sismiques est compromise par la dégradation des joints de mortier. Dans l'Est du Canada, les caractéristiques des murs porteurs des bâtiments patrimoniaux, telles que leur composition, …

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Str-844: Cover Crack Growth Monitoring In Rc Structures Subjected To Corrosion With Acoustic Emission Sensors, Ahmed A. Abouhussien, Assem A. A. Hassan Jun 2016

Str-844: Cover Crack Growth Monitoring In Rc Structures Subjected To Corrosion With Acoustic Emission Sensors, Ahmed A. Abouhussien, Assem A. A. Hassan

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This paper investigates the feasibility of applying acoustic emission (AE) monitoring to evaluate the cover cracking caused by reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete structures. Ten small-scale reinforced concrete prism samples were continuously monitored using attached AE sensors as being exposed to accelerated corrosion tests. The samples had a constant concrete cover (40 mm) around one embedded steel bar and were corroded to reach five percentages of steel mass loss: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. Several AE signal parameters including number of hits, signal strength, energy, amplitude, and peak frequency were acquired during the tests. The AE signal strength data …

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Str-845: Condition Assessment Of Corroded Reinforcement Bond To Concrete By Acoustic Emission Monitoring, Ahmed A. Abouhussien, Assem A. A. Hassan Jun 2016

Str-845: Condition Assessment Of Corroded Reinforcement Bond To Concrete By Acoustic Emission Monitoring, Ahmed A. Abouhussien, Assem A. A. Hassan

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

In this paper, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was used to evaluate the bond behaviour of corroded reinforcement in reinforced concrete prism samples. The embedded reinforcing steel bars were pre-corroded to successive levels of corrosion up to 5% mass loss of steel by impressed current accelerated corrosion process. A total of 24 samples with variable bar embedded length (50 and 200 mm) and corrosion exposure (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of steel mass loss) were tested under pull-out tests. Two attached AE sensors were mounted at the surface of each specimen to continuously record the emitted AE signals throughout …

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Str-846: Methods Of Comparing Extreme Load Effects Based On Weigh-In-Motion Data, Kien Doan, Bruce F. Sparling, Lisa R. Feldman Jun 2016

Str-846: Methods Of Comparing Extreme Load Effects Based On Weigh-In-Motion Data, Kien Doan, Bruce F. Sparling, Lisa R. Feldman

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The estimation of extreme load effects caused by vehicles is of critical importance in the evaluation and design of bridge structures. Two methods for estimating extreme load effects over the service life of bridges are commonly cited in literature: (1) the use of a fitted probability distribution based on statistical data to extrapolate the extreme load effects on a probability plot, or (2) the application of Monte Carlo simulation to generate representative truck data over a bridge’s lifespan such that maximum load effect values can then be determined directly. In this paper, results obtained using the two aforementioned methods are …

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Str-847: Westminster Drive Underpass – Accelerated Bridge Construction Using Gigo (Get In-Get Out) Bridge Concept, Mark D’Andrea, Wade Young, Andrew Turnbull Jun 2016

Str-847: Westminster Drive Underpass – Accelerated Bridge Construction Using Gigo (Get In-Get Out) Bridge Concept, Mark D’Andrea, Wade Young, Andrew Turnbull

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO), in partnership with consultants and contractors, developed a method for accelerated bridge construction called Get in-Get out Bridge or GiGo Bridge. The GiGo Bridge concept is an Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) technique for replacing bridges over freeways, in 45 days or less, with a full closure of the crossing road. The concept requires that bridge components be prefabricated in advance of the on-site work. This has the advantage of shifting a substantial portion of the work into the winter months, freeing up staff resources and equipment for the summer months. Additional benefits of GiGo …

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Str-849: From Experimental Wind Tunnel To Wind-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Shell Structure, Ahmed A. K. A. Abodonya, Hosam Alsofi, Roland Wüchner, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger Jun 2016

Str-849: From Experimental Wind Tunnel To Wind-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Shell Structure, Ahmed A. K. A. Abodonya, Hosam Alsofi, Roland Wüchner, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This paper studies the transition from downscaled wind tunnel testing to prototype scale numerical simulations. The study is performed using OpenFOAM as fluid solver, EMPIRE as coupling tool, and Carat++ as the structure solver. The current work aims at finding sufficient settings for wind-structure interaction simulations. Also, the efficiency of the software chain to simulate natural wind flow is approved. For this purpose, different flow conditions such as uniform, atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and flow behind a cube (structure is positioned in the wake region behind a cube) are simulated. These complicated, unsteady, and recirculating flows are simulated to study …

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Str-850: Numerical Modelling Of Reinforced Concrete Block Structural Wall Buildings Under Seismic Loading, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell D. A. Wiebe, Wael El-Dakhakhni Jun 2016

Str-850: Numerical Modelling Of Reinforced Concrete Block Structural Wall Buildings Under Seismic Loading, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell D. A. Wiebe, Wael El-Dakhakhni

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

With the recent shift of design code developers’ focus from component- to system-level assessment of seismic force resisting systems, there is a need to numerically assess the performance of whole buildings. However, reinforced concrete block structural wall buildings are complex structural systems composed of materials with nonlinear and heterogeneous properties, which makes the numerical investigation challenging, especially when seismic behavior is considered. Most previous numerical models of reinforced concrete block walls have considered individual components, rather than the complete building system, and have used relatively complex micro-models. In this paper, OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) is used to …

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Str-852: Performance Assessment Of Three-Story Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Walls, Emad A. Abraik, Maged A. Youssef Jun 2016

Str-852: Performance Assessment Of Three-Story Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Walls, Emad A. Abraik, Maged A. Youssef

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The need for sustainable structures, that provide adequate ductility without experiencing major damage, has led researchers to develop methods to achieve self-centering structures. One of these methods involves the use of superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bars. This study assesses the seismic performance of a three-story SMA Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall considering different potential locations for the SMA bars. The maximum inter-story drift, residual drift, and damage scheme are evaluated using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The use of SMA bars at the plastic hinge of the first floor was found to significantly reduce the residual drifts and associated damage.

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Str-854: Multifunctional And Multiphysics Materials As Load-Bearing Structural Components, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh Shafaroudi, Sara Rankohi Jun 2016

Str-854: Multifunctional And Multiphysics Materials As Load-Bearing Structural Components, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh Shafaroudi, Sara Rankohi

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Multifunctional and multiphysics cellular solids are introduced in this paper as load-bearing structural components. Cellular solids offer a robust low-mass alternative for applications requiring lightweight and stiff components. The unique properties of cellular solids are achieved through cell geometry, connectivity, relative density, and properties of constituent materials. Inspired by biological systems, smart cellular solids can integrate low-mass, sensing/actuating, and self-healing properties into structural components. Discrete fabrication, by integrating patches of smart/active materials onto cellular solids, and continuous fabrication, using additive manufacturing, are two fabrication techniques for the manufacturing of multifunctional cellular solids. We propose a multiscale methodology for the analysis …

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Str-855: Instantaneous Deflections Of Concrete Slabs Computed Using Discretized Analysis, Caitlin Mancuso, F. Michael Bartlett Jun 2016

Str-855: Instantaneous Deflections Of Concrete Slabs Computed Using Discretized Analysis, Caitlin Mancuso, F. Michael Bartlett

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Excessive deflection of concrete floor slabs is a recurring serviceability problem (Gilbert 2012, Stivaros 2012). Current practice is to compute deflections using either a single-element idealization, where an average effective moment of inertia is assigned to the entire member, or a discretized analysis, where the member is idealized as discrete elements with unique effective moments of inertia. There are two equations available for calculating the effective moment of inertia, developed by Branson (1965) and by Bischoff (2005). Branson originally proposed two equations for effective moment of inertia, a 3rd-power equation for use in a single-element idealization and a 4th-power equation …

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Str-860: Cost Analysis Of Conical Tanks; Comparison Between Reinforced Concrete And Steel, Tareq M. Azabi, Ayman M. El Ansary, Ashraf A. El Damatty Jun 2016

Str-860: Cost Analysis Of Conical Tanks; Comparison Between Reinforced Concrete And Steel, Tareq M. Azabi, Ayman M. El Ansary, Ashraf A. El Damatty

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This paper provides a cost analysis case study to compare the effectiveness of using reinforced concrete versus steel as a construction material for conical tanks. Simplified design approaches, which were developed in previous investigations, are utilized to design a wide range of reinforced concrete conical tanks and steel counterparts having three different capacities (500 m3, 1750 m3 and 3000 m3). The cost analysis is conducted for each of the concrete and steel tanks. This analysis includes the cost of material, formwork, labour and life-cycle cost. Also, a general study of the effect of tank dimensions on the cost is provided. …

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Str-862: Application Of 4d And 5d Bim In Cold-Formed Steel Residential Buildings, Metwally Abu-Hamd, Dina A. Saad, Mohamed Masoud Jun 2016

Str-862: Application Of 4d And 5d Bim In Cold-Formed Steel Residential Buildings, Metwally Abu-Hamd, Dina A. Saad, Mohamed Masoud

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Traditional residential building systems are not sufficient to produce the required number of housing units needed every year to solve the current housing problem in many countries. To meet such a challenge, it is necessary to explore the latest construction technologies, and to create innovative building systems that have the potential to bring high-performance affordable housing within reach of new markets. Light (cold-formed) steel (CFS) framing systems have proven to be a worthy alternative to traditional systems. Recent advances in the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into the Architecture-Engineering-Construction industries present an additional mean to further enhance the efficiency …

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Str-863: Development Of A Novel Replaceable Connection For Seismically Designed Steel Concentrically Braced Frames, Daniel Stevens, Lydell D. A. Wiebe Jun 2016

Str-863: Development Of A Novel Replaceable Connection For Seismically Designed Steel Concentrically Braced Frames, Daniel Stevens, Lydell D. A. Wiebe

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

There is increasing demand, from both engineers and their clients, for structures that can be rapidly returned to occupancy following an earthquake, while also maintaining or reducing initial costs. One possible way towards this goal is to ensure that seismic damage occurs only within elements that can be removed and replaced following a damaging earthquake. For concentrically braced frames that use hollow structural sections, the current design practice requires field welding of the brace to the gusset in a way that causes the brace to buckle out-of-plane. In the event of a damaging earthquake, the out-of-plane brace buckling may damage …

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Str-864: Proposed Strut-And-Tie Model For Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With Frp Bars, Khaled Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, Brahim Benmokrane Jun 2016

Str-864: Proposed Strut-And-Tie Model For Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With Frp Bars, Khaled Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, Brahim Benmokrane

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

A compiled database of 53 tests of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams with shear span–depth ratios of less than two was used to evaluate the strut-and-tie models (STM) provided in ACI 318 (2014), CSA S806 (2012), CEB-fib (1999), and JSCE (2007). All provisions were found to be inadequate in calculating the capacity of FRP-reinforced deep beams due to inherent shortcomings in each provision. Hence, a new STM-based procedure for FRP-reinforced deep beams was proposed. The new model incorporates the effect of shear span–depth ratio (a/d), concrete compressive strength (fc’), and tensile strain in the adjoining tie (ε1). The contribution of …

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Str-866: Non Linear Finite Element Model For Post-Earthquake Fire Performance Evaluation Of Steel Portal Frames, Amit Chandra, Anjan Bhowmick, Ashutosh Bagchi Jun 2016

Str-866: Non Linear Finite Element Model For Post-Earthquake Fire Performance Evaluation Of Steel Portal Frames, Amit Chandra, Anjan Bhowmick, Ashutosh Bagchi

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Post-earthquake fires (PEF) especially in densely populated urban areas have been catastrophic in recent seismic events. It appears to be an important design load which has not been considered critical by most design standards. Moreover, current performance-based seismic design philosophy permits certain level of damage to a structure based on the assumed design seismic hazard. These damaged structures are extremely vulnerable to post-earthquake fires. Even after the outbreak of fire, the structural integrity of the damaged structure must be intact for sufficient duration enabling the firefighters to evacuate and extinguish the fire in the affected building. The recent performance-based design, …

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Str-867: Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Scc Beams Containing Recycled Crumb Rubber, Mohamed K. Ismail, Assem A. Hassan, Basem H. Abdelaleem Jun 2016

Str-867: Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Scc Beams Containing Recycled Crumb Rubber, Mohamed K. Ismail, Assem A. Hassan, Basem H. Abdelaleem

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This study aimed to investigate the effect of crumb rubber (CR) on the flexural behavior and cracking characteristics of self-consolidating concrete beams. Four full-scale self-consolidating rubberized concrete (SCRC) beams containing recycled CR particles as a partial replacement for fine aggregate with percentage ranging from 0% to 15% (by volume of sand) were tested. The performance of some design codes was evaluated in predicting the cracking moment and crack widths of the tested beams. The results indicated that increasing the CR content noticeably reduced the compressive strength, tensile strength, and first cracking moment of all SCRC beams. However, up to 15% …

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Str-875: Predicting Failure In Sliding Isolation Bearings Under Long-Period Motions, Yu Bao, Tracy C. Becker Jun 2016

Str-875: Predicting Failure In Sliding Isolation Bearings Under Long-Period Motions, Yu Bao, Tracy C. Becker

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

For the majority of structural systems, there has been a push to understand collapse behaviour and to quantify collapse margin ratios. However, for seismic isolation there is still significant work to be done in this area, especially for sliding bearings, for which little research on failure has been investigated. While it may be the goal of the designer that isolation bearing capacity is not reached, for performance based design it is essential to understand how and under what levels the bearing will fail. To investigate failure, a model based on the theory of rigid body kinematics, rigid body dynamics and …

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Str-872: The Influence Of The Internal Pressure And In-Plane Bending On Pipe Elbows, Diana Abdulhameed, Roger Cheng, Michael Martens, Samer Adeeb Jun 2016

Str-872: The Influence Of The Internal Pressure And In-Plane Bending On Pipe Elbows, Diana Abdulhameed, Roger Cheng, Michael Martens, Samer Adeeb

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Pipe bends are frequently used to change the direction of a pipeline. The location of bends in a pipeline system is often the location that shows high stress levels. The increase in stress is due to the high flexibility of the bend resulting from the ability of the cross-section to ovalize when subjected to bending or internal pressure. Moreover, the surface geometric characteristics of bends may lead to a host of unbalanced thrust forces caused by the internal pressure. The internal pressure results in an outward resultant force that tends to straighten out the bend causing an increase in the …

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Str-876: Behaviour Of Mass-Wood Shear-Core Structures Subjected To Static Wind Loads, Patricia C. Wilbur, F. Michael Bartlett Jun 2016

Str-876: Behaviour Of Mass-Wood Shear-Core Structures Subjected To Static Wind Loads, Patricia C. Wilbur, F. Michael Bartlett

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

As the desire to construct tall wood buildings grows, so too does the need to understand the behaviour of these structures under all loading conditions. Work is progressing towards understanding their behaviour under extreme lateral loads, but relatively little focus is given in the literature to their behaviour under normal service-level loads. This study investigates the behaviour of 10-storey mass-wood shear-core structures subjected to static wind loads, and identifies major differences between the behaviour of the wood-core buildings and that of a traditional shear-core building. The design process is described, and both Ultimate and Serviceability Limit States results are presented, …

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Str-877: Finite-Element Modeling For Frp Strengthening Of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges Built By Cantilever Method, Rohalah Najafi, Saman Hedjazi, Khaled Sennah Jun 2016

Str-877: Finite-Element Modeling For Frp Strengthening Of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges Built By Cantilever Method, Rohalah Najafi, Saman Hedjazi, Khaled Sennah

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Balanced cantilever construction is an economical method when access from below is expensive or practically impossible. In segmental balanced cantilever construction the precast segments are transported to the bridge construction site and placed and held at the right position before post-tensioning back to the rest of the bridge. As the construction stages go on, the statically determinate structure changes to a statically indeterminate one, which should be considered in the design process. Creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing steel may lead to excess long-term deflection and may cause redistributions in internal forces and stresses. In the previous …

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Str-884: Effect Of Spacing Of Transverse Reinforcement On The Lapped Spliced Gfrp‐Rc Columns Subjected To Cyclic‐Reversed Loads, Syed K. R. Naqvi, Ehab El-Salakawy Jun 2016

Str-884: Effect Of Spacing Of Transverse Reinforcement On The Lapped Spliced Gfrp‐Rc Columns Subjected To Cyclic‐Reversed Loads, Syed K. R. Naqvi, Ehab El-Salakawy

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Recently, the non-corrodible fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been used successfully as reinforcement for concrete structures. However, the behaviour of glass (G) FRP-reinforced concrete (RC) columns under seismic loading has not been explored yet. This paper presents the results of an experimental program that investigates the contribution of GFRP transverse reinforcement to the confinement of concrete core in lap-spliced GFRP-RC columns. Three full-scale column specimens were constructed and tested to failure under quasi-static cyclic‐reversed loads. All specimens were reinforced with GFRP longitudinal bars and transverse stirrups. The columns had 350-mm square cross section and 1850-mm cantilever length. Each column was …

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Str-885: Finite Element Modelling Of Composite Hollowcore Slabs, Aiham Adawi, Maged A. Youssef, Mohamed E. Meshaly Jun 2016

Str-885: Finite Element Modelling Of Composite Hollowcore Slabs, Aiham Adawi, Maged A. Youssef, Mohamed E. Meshaly

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Hollowcore slabs are commonly used for floor and roofs of residential and commercial buildings. Concrete topping, which is commonly cast for leveling purposes, can also be used to increase the load capacity of hollowcore slabs. The post-cracking behaviour of hollowcore slabs greatly affects their ultimate strength. The composite action adds another level of nonlinearity. This paper presents a comprehensive 3-D finite element model that can predict the behaviour of such composite slabs. Nonlinear springs were used to model the interface layer. The nonlinear material behaviour of the concrete and the prestressing strands were also accounted for. Innovative analysis technique to …

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Str-903: Unsupervised Novelty Detection Based Structural Damage Detection Method, Young-Jin Cha, Zilong Wang Jun 2016

Str-903: Unsupervised Novelty Detection Based Structural Damage Detection Method, Young-Jin Cha, Zilong Wang

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Many structural damage detection methods using machine learning algorithms and clustering methods have been proposed and developed in recent years. Novelty detection is a common method that is based on an unsupervised learning technique to detect structural damage. The detection process involves applying the novelty detection algorithm to recognize abnormal data from the testing data sets. In order to make these algorithms capable of identifying abnormal data, sufficient normal data must first be obtained and used as training data. It is the fact that sufficient normal data is relatively convenient to measure compared to abnormal data for large-scale civil structures. …

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Str-883: Cyclic Response Of Structural Stainless Steel Plate Under Large Inelastic Strains, Eric Beaumont, Charles-Darwin Annan Jun 2016

Str-883: Cyclic Response Of Structural Stainless Steel Plate Under Large Inelastic Strains, Eric Beaumont, Charles-Darwin Annan

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Contemporary seismic design of steel braced systems is based on dissipating earthquake energy through significant inelastic deformation in the bracing members under cyclic excursions. The structure is designed such that the first significant yield occurs at ground intensity levels that are at or above the design earthquake forces. Thus, delaying the yielding of brace elements is deemed a good design but it could also lead to subsequent loss of stiffness and strength, large residual deformation or even dynamic instability and collapse. To enhance the post-yield performance of the brace system, a steel component with high strain hardening character may be …

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Str-878: Numerical Modeling For Structural Behavior Of Bridge Deck Barriers Made Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Saman Hedjazi, Hamidreza Khederzadeh, Khaled Sennah Jun 2016

Str-878: Numerical Modeling For Structural Behavior Of Bridge Deck Barriers Made Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Saman Hedjazi, Hamidreza Khederzadeh, Khaled Sennah

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Nonlinear finite-element (NLFE) analysis was used to compare and optimize the load transfer and failure mode of bridge barriers subjected to static transverse loads. Concrete is a material that needs strengthening in tension in order to meet the structural requirements. Studies have shown that the addition of steel fibers in a concrete matrix improves all the mechanical properties of concrete, especially tensile strength, impact strength, and toughness. The resulting material possesses higher tensile strength, consolidated response and better ductility. Although fiber reinforcement is a method that has been in use over the last few decades, yet it is unfamiliar to …

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