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2008

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Articles 481 - 510 of 997

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Settlement Analysis Of Chek Lap Kok Trial Embankments With Probabilistic Extensions, Bak Kong Low Aug 2008

Settlement Analysis Of Chek Lap Kok Trial Embankments With Probabilistic Extensions, Bak Kong Low

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several test reclamation fills were constructed in Hong Kong in the 1980s on marine clay installed with prefabricated vertical drains prior to the construction of the Chek Lap Kok airport. Instrumentation data including settlement with time were available in the literature. The first part of this paper presents the author’s deterministic settlement analysis for comparisons with the instrumented settlement-versus-time records of the marine clay. The second part of the paper illustrates, in the context of the Chek Lap Kok test fills, a new and efficient spreadsheet-based first-order reliability algorithm. Comparisons are made with results from Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed …

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Swelling Soils Behaviour In Cyclic Suction-Controlled Drying And Wetting, H. Nowamooz, F. Masrouri Aug 2008

Swelling Soils Behaviour In Cyclic Suction-Controlled Drying And Wetting, H. Nowamooz, F. Masrouri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Cyclic drying and wetting phenomena of the expansive clayey soils cause the progressive settlements which could affect principally the foundations of buildings, the drainage channels and the buffers in radioactive waste disposals. In order to better understand the coupling between these hydraulic cycles and the mechanical behaviour of the swelling soils, this article presents an experimental study performed on two different expansive soils (molded and natural) using oedometer tests by imposing suction variations with the osmotic technique. Several successive swelling and shrinking cycles were applied under different constant vertical net stresses. During the suction cycles, the compacted samples showed cumulative …

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Utilisation Of Waste Plastics In Flexible Pavement Construction Laid On Expansive Soil Subgrade, D. S. V. Prasad, G. V. R. Prasada Raju Aug 2008

Utilisation Of Waste Plastics In Flexible Pavement Construction Laid On Expansive Soil Subgrade, D. S. V. Prasad, G. V. R. Prasada Raju

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper investigates the performance of model flexible pavement on expansive soil subgrade using gravel / flyash as subbase course with waste plastics as a reinforcing material. It was observed that from the laboratory test results of direct shear and CBR, the optimum percentage of waste plastics is equal to 0.3% and 0.4% for gravel and flyash materials. Cyclic load tests were carried out in the field on the reinforced and unreinforced model flexible pavements laid on expansive soil subgrades. It is observed that the maximum load carrying capacity associated with less value of rebound deflection is obtained for gravel/flyash …

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Mechanically Reinforced Earth For Steep Surcharge Slopes In Proximity Of Adjacent Structures To Improve Compressible Soils, Hiren J. Shah, Hugh S. Lacy, Matthew B. Van Rensler Aug 2008

Mechanically Reinforced Earth For Steep Surcharge Slopes In Proximity Of Adjacent Structures To Improve Compressible Soils, Hiren J. Shah, Hugh S. Lacy, Matthew B. Van Rensler

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For a large scale expansion of an existing wastewater treatment plant in Virginia, constructing shallow foundations after surcharging to pre-consolidate the compressible soils at the site was found to be the most attractive foundation option. A detailed geotechnical investigation was performed to characterize the site stratigraphy and soil properties. Many of the tall and steep surcharge embankments were in close proximity of existing operating structures and utilities. Such tall and steep surcharge slopes were designed and constructed of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE). Due to the complex slope geometries, subsurface conditions and nearby critical utilities and existing structures, each MSE slope …

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Tied-Back Top-Down Wall To Support I-295 Ramp, Eric M. Klein, Jennifer L. Trimble, Bibek B. Shrestha Aug 2008

Tied-Back Top-Down Wall To Support I-295 Ramp, Eric M. Klein, Jennifer L. Trimble, Bibek B. Shrestha

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Woodrow Wilson Replacement Bridge Project included widening the Washington Beltway (I-95/I-495) Outer Loop from three lanes to six-lanes. This required supporting two existing ramps that connect I-295 and MD 210 as well as the existing Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) wall that supports the ramps. The MSE is about 17-ft tall, about 570-ft long, and at the top of a slope. A tied-back soldier pile and lagging wall with cast-in-place facing was selected to support the MSE and the ramps. The new wall will be about 1,376-ft long and will be as high as 37-ft. The closest approach of the wall …

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Case Histories Back Analyses For The Application Of The Observational Method Under Eurocodes For The Scout Project, Hoe-Chian Yeow, Ian Feltham Aug 2008

Case Histories Back Analyses For The Application Of The Observational Method Under Eurocodes For The Scout Project, Hoe-Chian Yeow, Ian Feltham

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A European Commission (EC) funded Sustainable Construction of Underground Infrastructure (SCOUT) project introduces a breakthrough for the construction of “cut-and-cover” tunnel using a horizontal diaphragm walling equipment with the implementation of the Observational Method for the construction of the underground structure. Design optimisation options such as the use of different structural forms, new construction material and even the design approaches were explored in an attempt to provide a sustainable design for the underground structure. This paper will briefly describe the project background, design optimisation approach and present back analyses undertaken of retaining wall case histories to develop a methodology to …

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Subsurface Geotechnical Engineering Investigations For A 9.833-Km Long Road And 130-Meter Wide Bridge In A Karst Topography In South-South Nigeria, So-Ngo Clifford Teme, Essien Ubong Aug 2008

Subsurface Geotechnical Engineering Investigations For A 9.833-Km Long Road And 130-Meter Wide Bridge In A Karst Topography In South-South Nigeria, So-Ngo Clifford Teme, Essien Ubong

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A proposed 9.833-kilometer road to evacuate quarried limestone materials to a state cement factory near the city of Calabar in the south-south sub-region of Nigeria passes through a 130-meter wide Kwa River, six meters deep with one and half kilometers of swampy terrain on either sides. The right-of-way of the road on both sides of the river is composed of 1.00 meter thick brownish lateritic Sands and Silty Clays (SC) underlain by 2.00 meters of gravelly lateritic Sands (SW). Below these are indurated shales and limestone (SH/LST) that make up the Mfamosing limestone sequence. Borings made at both abutments of …

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New Bauer Flydrill System Drilling Monopiles At Barrow Offshore Wind Farm, Uk, Wolfgang G. Brunner, Manfred Beyer Aug 2008

New Bauer Flydrill System Drilling Monopiles At Barrow Offshore Wind Farm, Uk, Wolfgang G. Brunner, Manfred Beyer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

With an output capacity of 90 MW of renewable electricity, Barrow OSWF is an offshore wind farm constructed in UK coastal waters. The site is located approximately 7 km south of Walney Island near Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, in the East Irish Sea. Steel monopiles with an outer diameter of 4750 mm and a wall thickness of between 45 mm and 80 mm provide the wind turbines foundations and vary in length between 49.5 m and 61.2 m weighing up to 452 tonnes. Installation of the monopile foundations with a penetration into the seabed of between 30.2 m and 40.7 m was …

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Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering: Enhancing The Practice In An Interactive Learning Environment, Waddah Akili Aug 2008

Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering: Enhancing The Practice In An Interactive Learning Environment, Waddah Akili

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper focuses on the utilization of case histories in supplementing classroom education, and describes the steps taken in planning, developing, and executing a case study/case history course in geotechnical/foundation engineering at an international university. The paper sheds light on: how a “workable” format for the course was arrived at; the organization of the course; and the results of evaluating the effectiveness of this approach versus traditional lecturing. Problems and challenges that could arise when offering the course for the first time are also addressed. Embedded in this experience and its related protocols are: the emphases on engineering design, the …

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Evaluation Of Damage To A Road And Sports Complex On Expansive Clays, M. B. Mgangira, P. Paige-Green Aug 2008

Evaluation Of Damage To A Road And Sports Complex On Expansive Clays, M. B. Mgangira, P. Paige-Green

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper discusses a road rehabilitation project and a sports complex, where the underlying in situ materials were typical African black cotton soils known for their expansive characteristics. Field investigations were undertaken to discern the main causes of the pavement distress and the serious damage to roads and structures encountered at a large sports complex with the support of quantitative data from test pits and with laboratory test results. In addition, available design documents and construction records were reviewed to identify key aspects that may have contributed to the observed excessive cracking of the road pavement and damage to both …

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Geotechnical Failures: An Excellent Tool To Teach Geotechnical Engineering, Sanjeev Kumar Aug 2008

Geotechnical Failures: An Excellent Tool To Teach Geotechnical Engineering, Sanjeev Kumar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

It is well understood that geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that requires most engineering judgment. However, the question remains, how to effectively convey this to the students who are used to learn from typical lectures, using textbook approach, i.e., explanation of basic concepts by the course instructor, solution of a lot of example problems with assumed parameters having straight forward steps and definite answers, solution of additional similar problems by students as a part homework assignments, and traditional exams. Case histories of geotechnical failures could play an invaluable role in training the geotechnical engineers for 21st century. …

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Streamlining Case Studies For Education, Peter Scharle Aug 2008

Streamlining Case Studies For Education, Peter Scharle

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Recent results of cognitive psychology seem to confirm that post secondary education in civil engineering can be conceived as introduction to the world of models, and to the model selection and application skills. From this perspective, case study analysis turns to be one of the most efficient approaches used worldwide by educators teaching geotechnics. BSc and MSc levels of knowledge and competency are easy to distinguish and characterize plausibly in this conceptual framework. Significance of the MSc level thinking in geotechnics proves to be a consequence. Plenty of case studies, in principle, can be selected to meet the educational purposes, …

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Need For Prior Geotechnical Engineering Studies For Foundation Design: Cases Of Collapsed Buildings In Port Harcourt And Environs, Nigeria, So-Ngo Clifford Teme, O. D. Ngerebara, Essien Ubong Aug 2008

Need For Prior Geotechnical Engineering Studies For Foundation Design: Cases Of Collapsed Buildings In Port Harcourt And Environs, Nigeria, So-Ngo Clifford Teme, O. D. Ngerebara, Essien Ubong

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Cases of collapsed buildings have been on the increase in the city of Port Harcourt and environs in Rivers State, in particular and other major cities in Nigeria in recent times. A critical evaluation of the modes of failures indicates that absence of and / or inadequate subsurface geotechnical investigations have been responsible for these building foundation failures. Case histories of four major building foundation failures within the municipality of Port Harcourt and environs in the southern Niger Delta sub-region of Nigeria in recent times are presented and discussed in this paper. The first case history involves a five-storey building …

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Soil-Structure Interaction And Uls Design Of Complex Deep Foundations, Rolf Katzenbach, Gregor Bachmann, Christian Gutberlet Aug 2008

Soil-Structure Interaction And Uls Design Of Complex Deep Foundations, Rolf Katzenbach, Gregor Bachmann, Christian Gutberlet

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In conventional design of deep foundations, some important positive effects evolving from the interaction of the bearing elements and the subsoil (Soil-Structure Interaction) are not utilised. These positive effects especially arise when using Combined Pile-Raft Foundations (CPRFs). The application of numerical methods during the design process of such foundations, which is explicitly allowed in Eurocode 7, is capable of regarding these effects. This paper deals with an approach using numerical methods within the ULS design for complex foundations and discusses case histories where CPRFs are used as a foundation for high-rise buildings in Frankfurt am Main. The paper will be …

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A New International Database On Case Histories Of Monitored Construction Of Tunnels And Deep Excavations, Fabrice Emeriault, Richard Kastner, Rodolphe Louis-Sidney, Elöd Egyed-Zsigmond Aug 2008

A New International Database On Case Histories Of Monitored Construction Of Tunnels And Deep Excavations, Fabrice Emeriault, Richard Kastner, Rodolphe Louis-Sidney, Elöd Egyed-Zsigmond

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The prototype of a new database for case histories of monitored construction of tunnels and deep excavations is presented in this paper. The basic requirements for this database have been established by the members of the Technical Committee TC28 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. It is based on the Content Management System (CMS) Typo3. The resulting structure is flexible, the data being mirrored on sites managed by each participant providing data. It uses a web interface where the user can navigate and access to the data via an indexed search engine. Some very basic and …

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Analysis Of Two Case Histories Of Violent Landslides Triggered By Earthquakes, N. Gerolymos Aug 2008

Analysis Of Two Case Histories Of Violent Landslides Triggered By Earthquakes, N. Gerolymos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two earthquake–triggered violent landslides are studied. The Nikawa, activated by the Mw 7 1995 Kobe Earthquake, and the Higashi–Takezawa, activated by the MJMA 6.8 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake, in Japan. Both landslides involved about 100 m displace-ment of a large wedge of an originally rather mild slope. The surprisingly large and rapid in nature runoff of the soil masses, motivated several researchers to interpret the sliding process. There is still no consensus as to which were the actual causes of those two catastrophic events. The goal of the paper is to study: (i) the landslide triggering and propagation, and (ii) …

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Exhibitors, Multiple Members Aug 2008

Exhibitors, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Committees, Multiple Members Aug 2008

Committees, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Recent Geotechnical Developments In Geospatial Information Systems Technology, Ronaldo Luna, J. David Rogers Aug 2008

Recent Geotechnical Developments In Geospatial Information Systems Technology, Ronaldo Luna, J. David Rogers

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering projects in current research and practice are increasingly undergoing geospatial analysis based on geologic and geotechnical data collected. The explosion of spatial data that is available for surface features, particularly from the raster based products, heavily used by commercial and available to the public, present only one dimension of site characterization. Geotechnical engineers are more interested in data with depth immediately below their project site retrieve from drilled and imaged subsurface surveys. The ability to optimize the use of new and existing subsurface data continues to be undermined by the lack of a common and agreed data format …

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Bearing Capacity Evaluation Of Long, Large-Diameter, Open-Ended Piles, Yoshiaki Kikuchi Aug 2008

Bearing Capacity Evaluation Of Long, Large-Diameter, Open-Ended Piles, Yoshiaki Kikuchi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Recent changes in port construction in Japan include the use of deeply embedded large-diameter steel pipe piles. However, little change has been made to the procedure for estimating the bearing capacity of piles. An international comparison of bearing capacity estimation techniques and examination of the bearing capacity mechanism of open-ended piles were conducted. In this study, the plugging phenomenon was thoroughly investigated by means of field loading tests, large- and small-scale laboratory experiments with X-ray CT scanner, and numerical analysis.

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Risk Analysis In Geotechnical And Earthquake Engineering: State-Of-The-Art And Practice For Embankment Dams, D. N. D. Hartford Aug 2008

Risk Analysis In Geotechnical And Earthquake Engineering: State-Of-The-Art And Practice For Embankment Dams, D. N. D. Hartford

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The nature of risk analysis as applied to earthfill dams for the purpose of safety assessment is examined with particular reference to the matter of demonstrating the scientific validity of risk constructs used to inform important dam safety decisions. The qualities and attributes of what would be considered to be transparent, credible and defensible risk analyses for dam safety decision-making are outlined. A conceptual approach to addressing the problem of quantifying internal erosion risk that combines critical state soil mechanics theory and dynamic event tree analysis is proposed. Finally, an experiment aimed at assessing contemporary capability to detect the “changes …

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The Indispensable Role Of Case Histories In Landfill Engineering, Edward Kavazanjian Jr. Aug 2008

The Indispensable Role Of Case Histories In Landfill Engineering, Edward Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Documented case histories are perhaps even more essential to the practice of landfill engineering than to other aspects of geotechnical practice. Case histories are particularly important to landfill engineering because of difficulties in sampling and testing representative materials and the non-homogeneous nature of many landfills. Case histories play an essential role in the evaluation of static and dynamic properties of waste, in identifying potential performance problems and failure mechanisms, and in demonstrating that laboratory interface shear testing can be relied upon to predict field behavior of liner and cover systems. Case histories have proven to be essential in establishing appropriate …

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Program Coordinator: Spouse Program, Sally Prakash Aug 2008

Program Coordinator: Spouse Program, Sally Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Geometrical Parameters On Nonlinear Soil-Structure Interaction Behavior Of Plane Frame-Soil System, Manjeet Hora, Abhay Sharma Aug 2008

Effect Of Geometrical Parameters On Nonlinear Soil-Structure Interaction Behavior Of Plane Frame-Soil System, Manjeet Hora, Abhay Sharma

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The analysis of soil-structure interaction problem is affected by various structural parameters and behavior of the soil mass. The nonlinear soil behavior plays a vital role in the redistribution of the forces in superstructure. Consequently, the forces in the frame members significantly get altered due to differential settlement of the soil mass. The study of interaction behavior due to these parameters requires the use of finite element method. The physical modeling of the interaction system is achieved by use of variety of elements. The unbounded domain of the soil mass is discretized with coupled finite-infinite elements and proper location of …

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Foundations On Expansive Soils In Mexico, Enrique Padilla-Corona Aug 2008

Foundations On Expansive Soils In Mexico, Enrique Padilla-Corona

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Mexico has a considerable number of regions covered by expansive soils (12% of the total country area). One of these regions, named as “Cienega de Chapala”, is located in the state of Jalisco; the morphology of this region is mostly volcanic where plains and basins are found among volcanic formations. Plains and basins contain a variety of rocks mixed with volcanic ashes. The soil is formed by alluvial and lacustrine lands arranged in layers where the expansivity of superficial layers range from medium to high. This work describes two cases to illustrate typical problems originated by subsoil displacements. These displacements …

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Effects Of Cyclic Test In Decreasing Damages To Structures And Roads On Gypsum Soils, Keyhan Sajedi, Bujang B. K. Huat, Jafar Bolouri Bazaz Aug 2008

Effects Of Cyclic Test In Decreasing Damages To Structures And Roads On Gypsum Soils, Keyhan Sajedi, Bujang B. K. Huat, Jafar Bolouri Bazaz

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Fine gypsum soils, when saturated and loaded, because of their high porosity, have large settlements. Compaction of the soil and removal of the load causes the soil to swell. These properties of gypsum soils cause many problems for structures built on them. For instance unsymmetrical settlement, uneven ground floor and cracks in façade are some of the problems. Likewise in road engineering, swelling of this type of soil located under the asphalt after absorbing water is one of it most important problem. So realizing and identifying the behavior of gypsum soils and effort in finding solutions for decreasing the amount …

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Tension And Compression Micropile Load Tests In Gravelly Sand, Armin W. Stuedlein, Matt D. Gibson, Garry E. Horvitz Aug 2008

Tension And Compression Micropile Load Tests In Gravelly Sand, Armin W. Stuedlein, Matt D. Gibson, Garry E. Horvitz

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Micropiles were selected for several upgrades to a paper machine at the Nippon Paper Industries USA Company in Port Angeles, Washington. This paper presents several aspects of the micropile design and subsequent load test performance for two separate upgrades at the paper mill. The micropile load tests, performed in tension and compression, provide a reference for micropile performance in medium dense to dense, gravelly sand. Comparison of the load test performance suggests that the common assumption of neglecting the contribution of end-bearing resistance does not adequately model micropile behavior. Additionally, evidence is presented for load transfer through the micropile casing. …

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Study Of Behaviour Of Square And Rectangular Footings Resting On Cohesive Soils Based On Model Tests, S. R. Pathak, S. N. Kamat, D. R. Phatak Aug 2008

Study Of Behaviour Of Square And Rectangular Footings Resting On Cohesive Soils Based On Model Tests, S. R. Pathak, S. N. Kamat, D. R. Phatak

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The estimation of a reliable value of bearing Capacity of soil is the most important step in the foundation design work. Number of theoretical approaches and in-situ tests for the estimation of bearing capacity of footing are available. The reliability of any theory can be demonstrated by comparing the experimental test results on field footings with theoretical predictions. One of the reliable methods is the load test on full sized footing. However, this test as covered under IS 1888-1982 is too expensive and time consuming. Model tests can be conducted on footings of various sizes. The surface characteristics for different …

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The Bearing Capacity Of Cement-Treated Loess: A Case History Of Khon Kaen Loess, Thailand, Pongsakorn Punrattanasin, Watcharin Gasaluck Aug 2008

The Bearing Capacity Of Cement-Treated Loess: A Case History Of Khon Kaen Loess, Thailand, Pongsakorn Punrattanasin, Watcharin Gasaluck

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The loess terrain exists in abundance in the Northeastern region of Thailand. The soil has a potential to collapse which has been caused by wetting. This study reports the characteristics of Khon Kaen loess under various conditions. A case study of foundation damage of building found on this soil is presented. The water supply pipe in front of a three-story building founded on shallow foundations in Khon Kaen University was broken. The loess supporting the foundation at the middle part of the building was soaked and the foundations were severely then settled. Some reinforced concrete beams and columns were investigated …

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The Modeling Of Deformation Process In Soils With Use Of Ansys And Ls-Dyna Programs, G. G. Boldyrev, A. J. Muyzemnek Aug 2008

The Modeling Of Deformation Process In Soils With Use Of Ansys And Ls-Dyna Programs, G. G. Boldyrev, A. J. Muyzemnek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper the results of experimental and numerical researches of sand deformation in the basis of a rigid stamp loaded with central and eccentric loads in conditions of a plane and 3D space problem are shown. The numerical solution of a problem is executed with use of programs ANSYS, LS-DYNA and models of soil Drucker-Prager and Сар. The movement equations solution is executed with use of Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method that has allowed to solve a problem at large deformations, even for the sandy basis stability loss.

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