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2005

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Articles 31 - 60 of 436

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

A Gasless Method Of Spraying Thermoplastic Resin, Dan T. Rogers Nov 2005

A Gasless Method Of Spraying Thermoplastic Resin, Dan T. Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

This spraying method for thermoplastic resins is a new manufacturing process for applying thermoplastics to a mold or surface in an efficient way that has the potential of reducing cycle time. Spraying thermoplastic resins is similar to spraying other polymers, such as paint, with the differences being higher pressure and temperature. This method uses an injection molding machine with a modified nozzle to spray the plastic material. In this study, temperature, pressure, and nozzle size were factors that influenced the success of this spraying method. The method of spraying in this study proved spraying without a gas is possible, a …

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Effects Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement On Mechanical Properties Of Base Materials, Dane A. Cooley Nov 2005

Effects Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement On Mechanical Properties Of Base Materials, Dane A. Cooley

Theses and Dissertations

Reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in the full-depth recycling (FDR) process is a cost-effective and environmentally responsible method of asphalt pavement reconstruction. Although FDR has been used for several years in some locations, the effect of RAP on the mechanical properties of recycled base materials has not been well documented. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of RAP on the mechanical properties of recycled base materials typical of northern Utah. Two sources of RAP, two sources of base, and RAP contents of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent were utilized in a full-factorial experimental …

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Development Of Commercial Applications For Recycled Plastics Using Finite Element Analysis, Nanjunda Narasimhamurthy Nov 2005

Development Of Commercial Applications For Recycled Plastics Using Finite Element Analysis, Nanjunda Narasimhamurthy

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the suitability of thermo-kinetically recycled plastics for use in commercial product applications using finite element analysis and statistics. Different recycled material blends were tested and evaluated for their use in commercial product applications. There are six different blends of thermo-kinetically recycled plastics used for testing and CATIA is used for finite element analysis. The different types of thermo-kinetically recycled plastics blends are: pop bottles made of PolyethyleneTeraphthalate (PET), milk jugs made of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Vinyl seats made of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) and small amount of Polypropylene (PP) and Urethane, electronic scrap made of engineering resins …

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An Automated Three-Dimensional Unstructured Mesh Generation Algorithm For Groundwater Modeling, James Edward Greer Nov 2005

An Automated Three-Dimensional Unstructured Mesh Generation Algorithm For Groundwater Modeling, James Edward Greer

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes a new method to create three-dimensional finite element meshes using the horizons to mesh algorithm. The algorithm uses available geologic data and user-defined inputs to guide the mesh generation process. This new approach allows for material layer pinch outs and many different layer refinement options to create well-formed elements that better represent hydrogeologic formations. Two case studies are presented that demonstrate the application of the algorithm's options and capabilities. A graphical interface for the algorithm was developed in the Groundwater Modeling System.

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Microbial Source Tracking: Tools For Refining Total Maximum Daily Load Assessments (2005), Stormwater Academy Nov 2005

Microbial Source Tracking: Tools For Refining Total Maximum Daily Load Assessments (2005), Stormwater Academy

BMP Trains Research and Publications

For over 100 years, indicator bacteria of fecal origin have been used to assess water quality and alert managers to increased risk of the presence of human pathogens. While these indicator organisms, including total coliforms and fecal coliforms, have helped protect public health for decades, they are now being utilized as surrogates for pathogens in total maximum daily load (TMDL) programs that are mandated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The goal of TMDL assessment, which is carried out by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in Florida, is ultimately to identify the sources of contaminant loading to Florida waters …

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Synthesis Of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization Of Styrene On Etfe Film By Grafted Pre-Irradiation, Yohan Yohan, Rifai M. Nur, Lilik Hendrajaya, E. S. Siradj Nov 2005

Synthesis Of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization Of Styrene On Etfe Film By Grafted Pre-Irradiation, Yohan Yohan, Rifai M. Nur, Lilik Hendrajaya, E. S. Siradj

Makara Journal of Technology

Synthesis of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization of Styrene on ETFE Film by Grafted pre-Irradiation. Preirradiation Grafting styrene monomer on ETFE film has been prepared. Research has been performed by γ-ray radiation at various total dose from 2.5 – 12.5 kGy and various dose rate from 1.3 – 1.9 kGy/hour. Irradiated copolymer is then grafted by styrene monomer in various solvent: ethanol, 2-propanol, and toluene, various concentration from 20 – 70% volume, various temperature from 50 – 90oC, and various grafting time from 2 – 12 hours. The results showed that percent of grafting is increase with increase of total dose …

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Design Of Product Placement Layout In Retail Shop Using Market Basket Analysis, Isti Surjandari, Annury Citra Seruni Nov 2005

Design Of Product Placement Layout In Retail Shop Using Market Basket Analysis, Isti Surjandari, Annury Citra Seruni

Makara Journal of Technology

Retailing is an industry with high level of competition. It is a customer-based industry which depends on how it could be aware of what the customers’ needs and requirements are. One technique most used in supermarkets is the mix merchandise. The purpose of this paper is to identify associated products, which then grouped in mix merchandise with the use of market basket analysis. This association between products then will be applied in the design layout of the product in the supermarket. The process of identifying the related products bought together in one transaction is done by using data mining technique. …

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Production Hydrogen And Nanocarbon Via Methane Decomposition Using Ni-Based Catalysts. Effect Of Acidity And Catalyst Diameter, Widodo W. Purwanto, M. Nasikin, E. Saputra, L. Song Nov 2005

Production Hydrogen And Nanocarbon Via Methane Decomposition Using Ni-Based Catalysts. Effect Of Acidity And Catalyst Diameter, Widodo W. Purwanto, M. Nasikin, E. Saputra, L. Song

Makara Journal of Technology

Objectives of this research are mainly to study impacts of acidity strength (by varying amount of precipitant and loading Al-Si) and the effect of nickel particle size (by varying calcinations temperature) on decomposition reaction performances. In this research, high-nickel-loaded catalyst is prepared with two methods. Ni-Cu/Al catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation method. While the Ni-Cu/Al-Si catalyst were prepared by combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method. The direct cracking of methane was performed in 8mm quartz fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure and 500-700°C. The main results showed that the Al content of catalyst increases with the increasing amount of precipitant. The …

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Design And Implementation Of 1-2 Ghz Stepped Frequency Gpr For Buried Metal Detection, Joko Suryana, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Tati R. Mengko Nov 2005

Design And Implementation Of 1-2 Ghz Stepped Frequency Gpr For Buried Metal Detection, Joko Suryana, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Tati R. Mengko

Makara Journal of Technology

Design and Implementation of 1-2 GHz Stepped Frequency GPR for Buried Metal Detection. In this paper, we describe the design and realization steps of 1 – 2 GHz SFGPR (Stepped Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar) transceiver for metal detection under the ground. Before using prototyped GPR for detecting the metal under the ground, several of calibration processes must be performed, namely phase calibration and monocycle pulse waveform calibration. After completing the calibrations, this prototyped GPR would be ready for detecting a hidden object such as a metal plate 5 cm under the ground in our small test range size 25 cm …

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Simultaneous Treatment Of Organic (Phenol) And Heavy Metal (Cr6+ Or Pt4+) Wastes Over Tio2, Zno-Tio2 And Cds-Tio2 Photocatalysts, Slamet Slamet, R. Arbianti, Daryanto Daryanto Nov 2005

Simultaneous Treatment Of Organic (Phenol) And Heavy Metal (Cr6+ Or Pt4+) Wastes Over Tio2, Zno-Tio2 And Cds-Tio2 Photocatalysts, Slamet Slamet, R. Arbianti, Daryanto Daryanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Simultaneous Treatment of Organic (Phenol) and Heavy Metal (Cr6+ or Pt4+) Wastes over TiO2, ZnO-TiO2 and CdS-TiO2 Photocatalysts. Treatment of heavy metal (Cr6+ and Pt4+) and organic (phenol) wastes has been studied using the relatively new method, i.e. simultaneous photocatalytic process over TiO2 photocatalysts in the batch photoreactor. Following the photocatalytic reduction of the heavy metal wastes, recovery of Cr and Pt was carried out by precipitation and leaching method, respectively. The experimental results show that in the simultaneous photocatalytic system, there is a synergism effect between the photocatalytic reduction of heavy metal waste (Cr6+ or Pt4+) and the oxidation …

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Design Of Generating Dual Frequency Operation For Triangular Microstrip Antenna Using Electromagnetic Coupling, Indra Surjati, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Djoko Hartanto Nov 2005

Design Of Generating Dual Frequency Operation For Triangular Microstrip Antenna Using Electromagnetic Coupling, Indra Surjati, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Design of Generating Dual Frequency Operation for Triangular Microstrip Antenna Using Electromagnetic Coupling. A new design is proposed in this paper by applying a pair of slits using a microstrip feed line. Therefore the microstrip line feeding system is electromagnetically coupled to the patch. The antenna works at two different frequencies in the range from 2 GHz to 4 GHz (S band frequency). The results of the simulation shows that the dual frequency operation can be created when the slit width is 1 mm and the height of the slits ranges from 10 mm to 14 mm with inter slit …

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Development Of Low Frequency Vibration Method Of Direct-Write Deposition Relevant To Layer Manufacturing Application, Susilo Adi Widyanto, Alva Edy Tontowi, Jamasri Jamasri, Heru Santosa Budi Rochardjo Nov 2005

Development Of Low Frequency Vibration Method Of Direct-Write Deposition Relevant To Layer Manufacturing Application, Susilo Adi Widyanto, Alva Edy Tontowi, Jamasri Jamasri, Heru Santosa Budi Rochardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

The research of deposition process is the first step in development process of multi materials selective laser sintering. The deposition process enables to settle multi materials powder in horizontal formation on one layer. In this research we use low frequency (70 - 200Hz) to vibrate a hopper nozzle in which powder is settled. The research method consists of two steps, the first step is to determine flow-ability parameters and the second is to join flow ability parameter with other parameters such that the line width can be controlled. The results show that the line width depends on uniformity of particle …

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Load And Resistance Factor Calibration For Wood Bridges, Andrzej S. Nowak, Christopher D. Eamon Nov 2005

Load And Resistance Factor Calibration For Wood Bridges, Andrzej S. Nowak, Christopher D. Eamon

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research Publications

The paper presents the calibration procedure and background data for the development of design code provisions for wood bridges. The structural types considered include sawn lumber stringers, glued-laminated girders, and various wood deck types. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables, and therefore, the structural performance is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical parameters of dead load and live (traffic) load, are based on the results of previous studies. Material resistance is taken from the available test data, which includes consideration of the post-elastic response. The resistance of components and structural systems is based on …

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Role Of Higher-"Mode" Pushover Analyses In Seismic Analysis Of Buildings, Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra Nov 2005

Role Of Higher-"Mode" Pushover Analyses In Seismic Analysis Of Buildings, Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The role of higher-“mode” pushover analyses in seismic analysis of buildings is examined in this paper. It is demonstrated that the higher-“mode” pushover curves reveal plastic hinge mechanisms that are not detected by the first-“mode” or other FEMA-356 force distributions, but these purely local mechanisms are not likely to develop during realistic ground motions in an otherwise regular building without a soft and/or weak story. Furthermore, the conditions necessary for “reversal” of a higher-“mode” pushover curve are examined. It is shown that “reversal” in a higher-“mode” pushover curve occurs after formation of a mechanism if the resultant force above the …

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Heat Generation In Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Nazli Yesiller, James Hanson, Wei-Lien Liu Nov 2005

Heat Generation In Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Nazli Yesiller, James Hanson, Wei-Lien Liu

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This study was conducted to investigate thermal aspects of municipal solid waste landfills as a function of operational conditions and climatic region. Spatial and temporal distributions of waste temperatures were determined at four landfills located in North America (Michigan, New Mexico, Alaska, and British Columbia). Temperatures of wastes at shallow depths (extending to 6 to 8 m depth) and near the edges of a cell (within approximately 20 m) conformed to seasonal temperature variations, whereas steady elevated temperatures (23 to 57°C) with respect to air and ground temperatures were reached at depth and at central locations. Waste temperatures decreased from …

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Lexington Incident Detection System Evaluation Report, Adam J. Kirk, Joseph D. Crabtree Nov 2005

Lexington Incident Detection System Evaluation Report, Adam J. Kirk, Joseph D. Crabtree

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the evaluation of an experimental incident detection system implemented within the Lexington / Fayette County area by the Lexington Fayette Urban County Government Department of Traffic Engineering. The incident detection system includes 5 different types of traffic monitors on 10 different locations throughout the county including interstate and limited access facilities and signalized urban arterials. The evaluation of the system was performed over a period of three months between June and August 2005. This report summarizes the implementation strategy and provides recommendations for future implementation and expansion of the system.

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An Analysis Of Fatal Traffic Crashes In Kentucky And Recommended Countermeasures, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman Nov 2005

An Analysis Of Fatal Traffic Crashes In Kentucky And Recommended Countermeasures, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Kentucky. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

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Bond Strength And Transfer Length Of Pre-Tensioned Bridge Girders Cast With Self-Consolidating Concrete, Amgad F. Morgan Girgis, Christopher Y. Tuan Nov 2005

Bond Strength And Transfer Length Of Pre-Tensioned Bridge Girders Cast With Self-Consolidating Concrete, Amgad F. Morgan Girgis, Christopher Y. Tuan

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is becoming increasingly popular in the precast/prestressed concrete industry in the United States. However, there have been concerns regarding the bond strength, transfer length, and development length of prestressing strands and mild steel reinforcement with SCC. Further, there are no design guidelines for using SCC. In this study, a literature survey on the bond strength of SCC was conducted. Moustafa pullout tests were performed to determine the bond strength of 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) pretensioning strands with sec. The transfer lengths of three pretensioned concrete bridge girders were measured using Demec points. Pullout tests were also performed …

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2005 Indiana County Highway Departments Bridge Replacement Cost Estimation Procedures, Indiana Ltap Nov 2005

2005 Indiana County Highway Departments Bridge Replacement Cost Estimation Procedures, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report is intended to provide county bridge officials a simple, straight forward method to estimate the costs of replacing county bridges. The report uses information from bridges constructed from 1997 through 2005, which was obtained through surveys completed by Indiana counties. Regressions were performed on the data and a spreadsheet prepared that allows users to input Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and the old bridge length to obtain an estimate for the cost of a replacement bridge.

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Bs News Nov 2005

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Development, Deployment, And Evaluation Of A Remote Monitoring System And A Virtual Weigh Station, Joseph D. Crabtree, David Q. Hunsucker, Jennifer R. Walton Nov 2005

Development, Deployment, And Evaluation Of A Remote Monitoring System And A Virtual Weigh Station, Joseph D. Crabtree, David Q. Hunsucker, Jennifer R. Walton

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In order to extend commercial vehicle enforcement coverage to routes that are not monitored by fixed weigh stations, Kentucky has developed and implemented a Remote Monitoring System (RMS) and a Virtual Weigh Station (VWS). The RMS captures images of passing trucks (from the side) and transmits those images to a nearby weigh station. Station personnel can view the images, read the USDOT number, and check the number against Kentucky’s Clearinghouse of motor carrier data. When a problem is detected with the carrier’s registration, taxes, or safety record, an officer can be dispatched to intercept the truck, perform the necessary checks, …

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Heavy Metal Adsorption On Iron Oxide And Iron Oxide-Coated Silica : Macroscopic, Spectroscopic, And Modeling Studies, Ying Xu Oct 2005

Heavy Metal Adsorption On Iron Oxide And Iron Oxide-Coated Silica : Macroscopic, Spectroscopic, And Modeling Studies, Ying Xu

Dissertations

To accurately model metal mobility and bioavailability in soils and sediments, systematic sorption studies are needed using representative and well-characterized minerals. Two important surfaces are iron oxide and silica, which are ubiquitous and associated with one another in the environment playing important roles in metal distribution. The objectives of this research are to develop models for predicting speciation and mobility of toxic trace metal ions in groundwater, soils, and sediments when competing ions are present. A model system for soils and sediments, iron oxide-coated silica, was synthesized; the degree of coatings was highly sensitive to the particle size of silica …

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Least-Squares Finite-Element Scheme For The Lattice Boltzmann Method On An Unstructured Mesh, Yusong Li, Eugene J. Leboeuf, P. K. Basu Oct 2005

Least-Squares Finite-Element Scheme For The Lattice Boltzmann Method On An Unstructured Mesh, Yusong Li, Eugene J. Leboeuf, P. K. Basu

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

A numerical model of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) utilizing least-squares finite-element method in space and the Crank–Nicolson method in time is developed. This method is able to solve fluid flow in domains that contain complex or irregular geometric boundaries by using the flexibility and numerical stability of a finite-element method, while employing accurate least-squares optimization. Fourth-order accuracy in space and second-order accuracy in time are derived for a pure advection equation on a uniform mesh; while high stability is implied from a von Neumann linearized stability analysis. Implemented on unstructured mesh through an innovative element-by-element approach, the proposed method …

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Tunnel Geology As Seen By Geologists: Manhattan, New York City, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Stanley Schleifer, Masud Ahmed, Alan R. Slaughter, Belal A. Sayeed, Dorean J. Flores, Mario Jo-Ramirez Oct 2005

Tunnel Geology As Seen By Geologists: Manhattan, New York City, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Stanley Schleifer, Masud Ahmed, Alan R. Slaughter, Belal A. Sayeed, Dorean J. Flores, Mario Jo-Ramirez

Publications and Research

Current exploratory boring operations in and around Manhattan, New York City are providing geologists and geotechnical engineers with a plethora of new and interesting geological information, which has not been previously reported. The rocks encountered, mostly medium to high-grade metamorphic rocks, with both mafic and felsic intrusives, are highly variable in competency and mechanical durability. One of the most frequently encountered rock types is a garnetiferous-muscovite-biotite schist which grades into schistose gneiss and displays a wide variety of structural, compositional, and textural attributes. Metamorphic minerals showing the variable degree of metamorphism include graphite, talc, garnet, kyanite, tourmaline, emory, and occasionally …

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Cm Facilities Update, Construction Management Department Oct 2005

Cm Facilities Update, Construction Management Department

Construction Management

No abstract provided.

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Proactive Real-Time Traffic Safety Implementation Strategy On Freeways, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Anurag Pande, Nizam Uddin Oct 2005

Proactive Real-Time Traffic Safety Implementation Strategy On Freeways, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Anurag Pande, Nizam Uddin

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Reactive traffic management strategies such as incident detection are becoming less relevant with the advancement of mobile phone usage. Freeway management in the 21st century needs to shift focus toward proactive strategies that include anticipating incidents such as the crashes. Predicting crash occurrences would also be the key to traffic safety. A two-step approach to identify freeway locations with high probability of crashes through real-time traffic surveillance data is presented here. For this study historical crash and corresponding traffic data from loop detectors were gathered from a 58-km (36-mile) corridor of Interstate-4. Following an exploratory analysis two types of …

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Use Of Ultra-Lightweight Geofoam To Reduce Stresses In Highway Culvert Extensions, Liecheng Sun, Tommy C. Hopkins, Tony L. Beckham Oct 2005

Use Of Ultra-Lightweight Geofoam To Reduce Stresses In Highway Culvert Extensions, Liecheng Sun, Tommy C. Hopkins, Tony L. Beckham

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Culvert extension under highway embankment construction is a regular and important practice when roadway widening occurs. At some existing sites, concrete thickness and reinforcing steel of culvert tops and walls were stepped-down in sections of the culvert under the embankment slopes. The part of the culvert positioned under the embankment slopes was constructed weaker because the stresses under the portions of the slopes are much less than the stresses acting on the culvert section located under the main portion of the embankment. When additional fill is placed over the culvert due to roadway widening, much greater stresses are imposed on …

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Use Of 16s Rrna Gene Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis To Assess The Impact Of Solids Retention Time On The Bacterial Diversity Of Activated Sludge, Pascal E. Saikaly, Peter George Stroot, Daniel B. Oerther Oct 2005

Use Of 16s Rrna Gene Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis To Assess The Impact Of Solids Retention Time On The Bacterial Diversity Of Activated Sludge, Pascal E. Saikaly, Peter George Stroot, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to investigate the reproducibility and stability in the bacterial community structure of laboratory-scale sequencing batch bioreactors (SBR) and to assess the impact of solids retention time (SRT) on bacterial diversity. Two experiments were performed. In each experiment two sets of replicate SBRs were operated for a periods of three times the SRT. One set was operated at an SRT of 2 days and another set was operated at an SRT of 8 days. Samples for T-RFLP analysis were collected from the two sets of replicate reactors. HhaI, …

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Probalistic Analysis Of Highway Bridge Traffic Loading, Colin C. Caprani Oct 2005

Probalistic Analysis Of Highway Bridge Traffic Loading, Colin C. Caprani

Other resources

Many bridges of the world’s highway networks have been in service for decades and are subject to escalating volumes of traffic. Consequently, there is a growing need for the rehabilitation or replacement of bridges due to deterioration and increased loading. The assessment of the strength of the existing bridge is relatively well understood, whereas the traffic loading it is subject to, is not as well understood. Accurate assessment of the loading to which bridges may be subject, can result in significant savings for the highway maintenance budgets internationally. In recent years, a general approach has emerged in the research literature: …

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Strength Of Cfs Floor Assemblies With Clip Angle Bearing Stiffeners, S. R. Fox Oct 2005

Strength Of Cfs Floor Assemblies With Clip Angle Bearing Stiffeners, S. R. Fox

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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