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2001

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Articles 451 - 480 of 575

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Effect Of Plasticity Of Soil On Seismic Response Of Pile Foundation: Parametric Study, B. K. Maheshwari, K. Z. Truman, P. L. Gould Mar 2001

Effect Of Plasticity Of Soil On Seismic Response Of Pile Foundation: Parametric Study, B. K. Maheshwari, K. Z. Truman, P. L. Gould

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Much of the reported research on the dynamic analysis of pile foundations assumes linear behavior of soil that may not be valid at strong excitations. In this paper material nonlinearity of soil caused by plasticity and work hardening is considered for the dynamic analysis of pile foundations. An advanced plasticity based soil model, HISS, is incorporated in a finite element technique. Analysis is carried out in the time domain. The algorithm is verified with available analytical results and then linear and nonlinear responses of a single end bearing pile are compared. Effects of different frequencies of excitation (harmonic) and ratio …

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Tehran Geotechnical Microzonation Project, Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mohammad Kazem Jafari Mar 2001

Tehran Geotechnical Microzonation Project, Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mohammad Kazem Jafari

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Megacity of Tehran with a population of more than 8 million is located in a very active region, both in terms of tectonic and seismicity. Due to socio-economic and political importance of Tehran, in 1994 IIEES has initiated a comprehensive geotechnical hazard study in Tehran. The geotechnical microzonation part of the program was composed of two parts: site effect and liquefaction potential microzonation. Site effect microzonation was started for south of Tehran using one dimensional site response analysis and microtremor measurement. The results of these studies were compiled and presented in three microzonation maps for south of Tehran including: natural …

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Relevance Of Some Damage Factors To Structures Damage In The 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Tamotsu Matsui, Muneki Mitamura, Toshihiko Sakagami, Fumio Shimizu, Teruyuki Hamada, Yasuo Tanaka, Seiji Suwa, Hiroshi Tsurukawa, Akira Takeishi Mar 2001

Relevance Of Some Damage Factors To Structures Damage In The 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Tamotsu Matsui, Muneki Mitamura, Toshihiko Sakagami, Fumio Shimizu, Teruyuki Hamada, Yasuo Tanaka, Seiji Suwa, Hiroshi Tsurukawa, Akira Takeishi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The 1995 Kobe Earthquake (Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake) caused a severe damage to various kinds of structures. As damage factors of these structures, the characteristics of seismic motion, distance from the earthquake source fault, ground conditions, liquefaction, and strength of structures can be considered. In this paper, paying attention to the distance from the earthquake source fault and ground conditions among them, the relevance to structures damage in wooden houses (on-ground structure) and water supply pipelines (under-ground structure) in Nishinomiya-City area was examined. As the results, the relationship between wooden houses damage and the distance from the fault can be approximately represented …

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Seismic Active Earth Pressure Considering Effect Of Strain Localization, Jian-Min Zhang, Deji Li Mar 2001

Seismic Active Earth Pressure Considering Effect Of Strain Localization, Jian-Min Zhang, Deji Li

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new method, which is based on pseudo-static and limit-equilibrium analysis, was proposed for evaluating seismic (static plus dynamic) active earth pressures induced by backfill soils behind movable rigid retaining walls. It has the advantage over the Mononobe-Okabe method since it can take into account the effects of strain localization and post-peak reduction in the shear resistance that occur in the denser backfill soil during a strong earthquake.

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A Case History On Soil And Topographic Effects In The 7th September 1999 Athens Earthquake, P. V. Kallou, G. Gazetas, P. N. Psarropoulos Mar 2001

A Case History On Soil And Topographic Effects In The 7th September 1999 Athens Earthquake, P. V. Kallou, G. Gazetas, P. N. Psarropoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Large concentration of heavy damage to residential and industrial buildings occurred in the small community of Adámes, near the banks of the Kifisos river canyon, during the 7-September- 1999 Earthquake. To explore whether the particular topographic relief and/or the actual soil profile have contributed to the observed concentration and non-uniform distribution of damage within a 300 m zone from the edge of the canyon cliff, wave propagation analyses are conducted in one and two dimensions. Soil layering and stiffnesses are determined from 10 SPT-boreholes and 4 crosshole tests. Ricker wavelets and six realistic accelerograms are used as excitation. The results …

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Seismic Response Of Submerged Cohesionless Slopes, Giovanni Biondi, Ernesto Cascone, Michele Maugeri Mar 2001

Seismic Response Of Submerged Cohesionless Slopes, Giovanni Biondi, Ernesto Cascone, Michele Maugeri

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic slope stability analysis is a topic of great interest in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering particularly in seismic area in fact the occurrence of earthquake induced landslides is documented in many recent post-earthquake damage report (Japan 1993- 199 Greece 1995, Turkey 1999). Generally saturated slopes of loose sand or silty-sand and earth dams and embankment resting on low cohesionless soil deposit are highly susceptible to liquefaction-induced damage and during strong earthquake several landslides caused soil liquefaction may occur. In this paper a numerical model to evaluate seismic response of submerged cohesionless slopes is described. Slope stability conditions are evaluated taking …

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General Report — Session 6: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading For Both Shallow And Deep Foundations, M. K. Yegian, C. Y. Chang, Chris L. Mullen, George Mylonakis Mar 2001

General Report — Session 6: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading For Both Shallow And Deep Foundations, M. K. Yegian, C. Y. Chang, Chris L. Mullen, George Mylonakis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Some Geotechnical Aspects Of 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake, T. S. Ueng, M. L. Lin, M. H. Chen Mar 2001

Some Geotechnical Aspects Of 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake, T. S. Ueng, M. L. Lin, M. H. Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 occurred on September 21, 1999. It was the largest and most damaging earthquake in Taiwan in a century. It induced extensive geotechnical hazards including landslides, soil liquefaction, foundation failures, and ground movements in central Taiwan, and caused substantial damages to buildings, roadways, bridges, and waterfront structures. Field investigations and studies in geotechnical aspects, including landslides, soil liquefaction, foundations, retaining structures, dams and tunnels, in the affected areas were performed. The results of field explorations and laboratory tests for the study of soil liquefaction and evaluation of the secondary hazard of debris …

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Short Course On Soil Dynamics In Engineering Practice/Speakers, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Short Course On Soil Dynamics In Engineering Practice/Speakers, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Post-Strong Seismic Shaking On The Residual Strength Of Saturated Sand, Jorge F. Meneses-Loja Mar 2001

Influence Of Post-Strong Seismic Shaking On The Residual Strength Of Saturated Sand, Jorge F. Meneses-Loja

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Several actual earthquake records recently obtained are analyzed and the post-strong seismic shaking is characterized using parameters such as number of cycles and average shear stress. These parameters are integrated with laboratory test results from the Japanese standard Toyoura sand, and applied to an ideal sandy soil profile to estimate the reduction of residual strength. Different levels of strength reduction are obtained depending on the characteristics of the post-strong seismic motion and sand relative density. Steady-state concepts are shown to overestimate the residual strength of saturated sands and provide dangerous evaluation of post-seismic stability analysis.

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Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors Mar 2001

Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Prakash Award, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Prakash Award, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Natural Frequency Of Vibrating Foundations On Layered Soil System-An Experimental Investigation, D. K. Baidya, G. Muralikrishna Mar 2001

Natural Frequency Of Vibrating Foundations On Layered Soil System-An Experimental Investigation, D. K. Baidya, G. Muralikrishna

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents model block vibration tests results on two and three layered soil system underlain by rigid layer. Using sand and sawdust in different positions (either at top or at middle or at bottom) and thickness (es) inside a tank, different layered soil bed are prepared and vibration tests are conducted on each prepared bed using Lazan Type oscillator. A large number of response curves (frequency vs. amplitude) are obtained on different layered system. Maximum amplitudes (resonant amplitude) and corresponding frequencies (resonant frequency) are tabulated to study the effect of layering on resonant frequencies. Effects of position and thickness …

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Influence Of Soil Properties In Ground Seismic Response And The Definition Of Site Coeffients For Design Provisions, Gloria Estrada Mar 2001

Influence Of Soil Properties In Ground Seismic Response And The Definition Of Site Coeffients For Design Provisions, Gloria Estrada

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent earthquakes have showed the important influence of local site conditions on the characteristics of ground surface motions in the city of Medellin (Colombia). The network of accelerographs installed in this city confirmed this hypothesis, providing information about seismic response of different types of soil profiles, and showed the important role of the impedance ratio rock-soil, due to the high bedrock stiffness. The values and trends of Medellin site coefficients, defined in Provisions of Medellin Seismic Microzonation, are described and compared to those of the 1994 NEHRP, and of the 1997 Uniform Building Code Provisions, These comparisons took into account …

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Evaluation Of Site Response Using Downhole Array Data From A Liquefied Site, Zhi-Liang Wang, C.-Y. Chang, Chin Man Mok Mar 2001

Evaluation Of Site Response Using Downhole Array Data From A Liquefied Site, Zhi-Liang Wang, C.-Y. Chang, Chin Man Mok

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Downhole array ground motions recorded at Port Island during the mainshock and aftershocks of the Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995, were used in this study for evaluating the reasonableness of commonly used site response analysis techniques (both nonlinear effective stress and equivalent linear total stress techniques). The nonlinear effective stress analyses were performed using the computer code SUMDES; the equivalent linear total stress analyses were performed using the computer code SHAKE. Dynamic soil properties as well as other data for characterizing nonlinear stress-strain, cyclic strength, and pore pressure generation and dissipation of the Masado till that liquefied during …

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A Numerical Study Of Lateral Spreading Behind A Caisson Type Quay Wall, Zhaohui Yang, Ahmed Elgamal, Tarek Abdoun, Chung-Jung Lee Mar 2001

A Numerical Study Of Lateral Spreading Behind A Caisson Type Quay Wall, Zhaohui Yang, Ahmed Elgamal, Tarek Abdoun, Chung-Jung Lee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of centrifuge model tests were conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to study the seismic response of a caisson-type waterfront quay wall system, and the liquefaction and deformation characteristics of the saturated cohesionless backfill. Using a nonlinear two-phase (solid-fluid) finite element program, a numerical study of the above centrifuge tests is performed. In this paper, the centrifuge tests and formulation of the employed finite element program are briefly described, and the numerical simulation results are compared to the experimental records. It is shown that the extent of liquefaction, the deformation pattern of the soil-wall system, and the magnitude of …

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Seismic Analysis Of Bridge Abutments: A Numerical Simulation Of A Field Load Test, Liping Yan, Geoffrey R. Martin Mar 2001

Seismic Analysis Of Bridge Abutments: A Numerical Simulation Of A Field Load Test, Liping Yan, Geoffrey R. Martin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Approximate modeling of bridge abutment stiffness and capacity plays an important role in seismic analysis of bridge structures. To evaluate the characteristics of passive resistance and stiffness of bridge abutment, an experimental study was conducted at the University of California, Davis (UCD). In this study, one of the tests was a displacement controlled longitudinal cyclic loading test of a half-scale abutment (West Abutment), where the embankment was constructed from a soil known as “Yolo Loam” (a low plasticity clayey silt). The structural backfill consisted of a well graded silty sand. A thin drainage layer of pea gravel was placed between …

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Reproduction Of Array Observation Records By Means Of Centrifuge Shaking Table Model, Akira Yamaguchi, Motoki Kazama, Hrofumi Toyota, Masaki Kitazume, Takahiro Sugano Mar 2001

Reproduction Of Array Observation Records By Means Of Centrifuge Shaking Table Model, Akira Yamaguchi, Motoki Kazama, Hrofumi Toyota, Masaki Kitazume, Takahiro Sugano

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper shows the effects of the degree of consolidation of the soft clay layer on the strong motion response. Seismic behavior of the Kobe artificial islands during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake is studied by using centrifuge shaking table test. At the earthquake, it is known that the liquefaction damage of artificial island was different from each other. Authors consider the reason why is due to the degree of consolidation of clay layer underlying the reclaimed ground. The model grounds used for the centrifuge test are made by the clay and fill material sampled from Kobe artificial island, and …

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Effects Of Soil Fabric On Undrained Behavior Of Sands, S. Yimsiri, K. Soga Mar 2001

Effects Of Soil Fabric On Undrained Behavior Of Sands, S. Yimsiri, K. Soga

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The undrained behavior of sands in monotonic triaxial compression and extension tests was simulated using the Distinct Element Method (DEM). Soil specimens were prepared at different initial soil fabrics but at similar void ratios and the effects of soil fabric on the undrained behavior were investigated. The DEM results show that soil fabric and its change have profound effects on the undrained response of sands. They also provide some insights for the interpretation of the published experimental data that show the effects of specimen reconstitution methods and of preshearing on the undrained behavior of sands.

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A Few Considerations About The Property Of Ground Vibration Generated By Pile Driving And Its Isolation Methods, Yukihiko Kani, Kiyoshi Hayakawa, Noriyuki Matsubara Mar 2001

A Few Considerations About The Property Of Ground Vibration Generated By Pile Driving And Its Isolation Methods, Yukihiko Kani, Kiyoshi Hayakawa, Noriyuki Matsubara

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the results of two field studies conducted on pile driving ground vibration at Toyota Junction on the Second Tomei High-Speed Motorway in Aich prefecture and at a thermal power plant in Chiba prefecture, both of which were under construction. Fathemore, these were compared of a number of different barriers, including open trenches, concrete walls, EPS walls and sheet-pile walls, to isolate ground vibration.

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Mathematical Modelling And Experimental Dynamic Investigation Of An Elevated Foundation Supporting Vibration Machinery, Ion Vlad Mar 2001

Mathematical Modelling And Experimental Dynamic Investigation Of An Elevated Foundation Supporting Vibration Machinery, Ion Vlad

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the last two decades rapid advances in the techniques for the design of engineering structures have been made. With this much progress it is surprising that mathematical modelling and experimental dynamic investigations of elevated foundations supporting vibration machinery has hardly progressed. The main factors contributing to this situation are the tendency for equipment manufacturers to rely on past successful practices, the lack of interest in academic circles for this type of engineering structures and the lack of funds for major studies. Romania, alongside of other countries prefered to consider the worldwide experience in this field instead of developing its …

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New Observations And Methods For Modeling Nonlinear Site Response, Ralph J. Archuleta, Daniel Lavallée, Luis Fabián Bonilla Mar 2001

New Observations And Methods For Modeling Nonlinear Site Response, Ralph J. Archuleta, Daniel Lavallée, Luis Fabián Bonilla

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Refuge accelerogram, 1987 Superstition Hills, CA; and the Kushiro Port station, 1993 Kushiro-Oki, Japan, among others. To understand the nature of these nonlinear effects, we have developed a model of nonlinear soil dynamics that includes nonlinear effects such as anelasticity, hysteretic behavior and cyclic degradation due to pore water pressure. The hysteresis behavior is given by the Generalized Masing rules. This new formulation has a functional representation and it includes the Cundall-Pyke hypothesis and Masing original formulation as special cases. It also provides a mean to quantify anelastic damping as a function of the stress-strain loop. Using the in situ …

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Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors Mar 2001

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Keynote Lecture: Recent Studies On Liquefaction Resistance Of Sand-Effect Of Saturation, K. Ishihara, H. Tsuchiya, Y. Huang, K. Kamada Mar 2001

Keynote Lecture: Recent Studies On Liquefaction Resistance Of Sand-Effect Of Saturation, K. Ishihara, H. Tsuchiya, Y. Huang, K. Kamada

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The problem of sandy soils as to how they behave when they contain air or gas has been recently addressed in relation to evaluation of cyclic resistance during earthquakes. In order to shed some light on this issue, some laboratory tests were conducted on sand samples prepared in the triaxial test apparatus. The outcome of the tests disclosed that the degree of imperfect saturation can be quantified by way of the propagation velocity Vp of compressional wave or P-wave and that the cyclic resistance exhibits significant increase if the velocity Vp drops below 700 m/sec, a value smaller than the …

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Past Proceedings: Fourth International Conference On Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, San Diego (2001), Multiple Authors Mar 2001

Past Proceedings: Fourth International Conference On Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, San Diego (2001), Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Editor’S Note Advancement Of Phytoremediation, Joel Gerard Burken Mar 2001

Editor’S Note Advancement Of Phytoremediation, Joel Gerard Burken

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Supplemental Viscous Damping On Inelastic Seismic Response Of Asymmetric Systems, Rakesh K. Goel Mar 2001

Effects Of Supplemental Viscous Damping On Inelastic Seismic Response Of Asymmetric Systems, Rakesh K. Goel

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This paper investigates the effects of supplemental viscous damping on the seismic response of one‐storey, asymmetric‐plan systems responding in the inelastic range of behaviour. It was found that addition of the supplemental damping reduces not only deformation demand but also ductility and hysteretic energy dissipation demands on lateral load resisting elements during earthquake loading. However, the level of reduction strongly depends on the plan‐wise distribution of supplemental damping. Nearly optimal reduction in demands on the outermost flexible‐side element, an element generally considered to be the most critical element, was realized when damping was distributed unevenly in the system plan such …

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Testing Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster, Roger A. Laboube Mar 2001

Testing Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Modeling Biodegradation Of Chlorinated Groundwater Contaminants Under Iron-Reducing Conditions Of A Constructed Wetland: A System Dynamics Approach, Max E. Johnson Mar 2001

Modeling Biodegradation Of Chlorinated Groundwater Contaminants Under Iron-Reducing Conditions Of A Constructed Wetland: A System Dynamics Approach, Max E. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine and explore the fundamental processes associated with biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in iron-reducing conditions of a constructed wetland and to evaluate the impacts of changing conditions (both natural and engineer-controlled) on the system. The modeler uses a system dynamics approach to construct a model that represents behavior in the iron-reducing environment. The model incorporates hematite, a form of oxidized iron (Fe3+), as the electron acceptor in microbial biodegradation in the system. Vinyl chloride, cis-dichloroethene, and trans-dichloroethene are known to anaerobically degrade to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxidized iron. …

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A System Dynamics Approach To Modeling Temperature Effects In Solid Waste, David A. Jokinen Mar 2001

A System Dynamics Approach To Modeling Temperature Effects In Solid Waste, David A. Jokinen

Theses and Dissertations

The amount of municipal solid waste discarded to landfills is continually increasing even with extensive recycling efforts. The need to understand the behavior of waste in landfills is increased due to the decreasing number of active landfills, communities' concern to the potential hazards associated with landfills, and companies or installations with landfills on-site need to understand landfill behavior comply with new legislation concerning design and detecting hazardous material movement of-site. This research is focused on increasing the understanding of landfill behavior by examining the effects of temperature in a landfill system. A system dynamics approach was used in this research …

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