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1995

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Articles 211 - 240 of 442

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Settlement In Sands Due To Cyclic Loading, A. Erken, A. M. Ansal, E. Alhas Apr 1995

Settlement In Sands Due To Cyclic Loading, A. Erken, A. M. Ansal, E. Alhas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Stress controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests have been conducted on undisturbed sandy and silty soil samples obtained by special sampler in order to minimize the effect of disturbance. The influence of fines content on liquefaction - induced volumetric strains have been studied. The results indicate that cyclic mobility of sands is affected by non – plastic fines content. As fines content increase, cyclic shear strength decreases. Volumetric strain is influenced by fines content as well as shear strain and cyclic stress. At large shear strains amplitudes, an increase in percentage of fines causes more volumetric strains. Volumetric strains of silt …

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Determination Of Liquefaction Potential Using Dielectric Concept, A. Kaya, H. Y. Fang Apr 1995

Determination Of Liquefaction Potential Using Dielectric Concept, A. Kaya, H. Y. Fang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper existing insitu test methods to determine possible liquefaction potential of a site are discussed briefly with their advantages and limitations. Then, resistivity method is presented and showed how both resistivity and dielectric constant can be coped to determine insitu properties of soils such as cementation factor and porosity without disturbing the soil structure by means of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). A procedure is also presented to obtain both resistivity and dielectric constant of granular soils in the field. It is concluded that the proposed method and procedure is superior to the existing methods.

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Lateral Stress Ratio On Retaining Structures After Earthquake Loading, Constantine A. Stamatopoulos Apr 1995

Lateral Stress Ratio On Retaining Structures After Earthquake Loading, Constantine A. Stamatopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Equations are derived by analysis g1vmg the earthquake-induced change in the permanent horizontal stress acting on frictionless vertical walls retaining dry sand. These equations exhibit a limit in the coefficient of lateral pressure that depends only on the slope of the critical state line and the Poisson's Ratio of the backfill. The horizontal stress after dynamic shaking increases or decreases towards this limit. Predictions agree qualitatively with results of laboratory tests.

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Soil-Diaphragm Wall Interaction In Floating Dam, H. Watanabe, K. Kanazawa Apr 1995

Soil-Diaphragm Wall Interaction In Floating Dam, H. Watanabe, K. Kanazawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Stability of embankment dam with diaphragm cutoff wall constructed on riverbed sediment depends on structural behavior of local part around top of the wall. A numerical method to evaluate static and dynamic behavior of the part including earth pressure concentration is proposed and the validity is confirmed by comparison of numerical results of full construction process with observed ones in a prototype dam. Besides, in-situ vibration tests are performed on testing diaphragm wall constructed in dam site for banking test to reveal dynamic behavior of the wall. Furthermore, earthquake response analysis of whole structure is carried out to clarify behavior …

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Shaking Table Tests And Numerical Simulation Of Seismic Response Of The Seawall, Y. Nishimura, S. Fukui, M. Sato, H. Kurose, M. Fujitani Apr 1995

Shaking Table Tests And Numerical Simulation Of Seismic Response Of The Seawall, Y. Nishimura, S. Fukui, M. Sato, H. Kurose, M. Fujitani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Shaking table tests of a caisson seawall model were conducted to investigate sliding phenomena of the seawall. The response characteristics of the caisson placed on the mound which was fixed to the shaking table were investigated in the six series of experiments with varying the situation of the model; with or without backfill, wave breaking works and water. These test results were utilized to validate a two-dimensional FEM analysis method with joint elements. The numerical model with the finer mesh division and joint elements showed fairly close results with the series of test results, resulting the better representation of the …

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Earthquake Induced Displacement Of Gravity Retaining Walls, X. Zeng Apr 1995

Earthquake Induced Displacement Of Gravity Retaining Walls, X. Zeng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Centrifuge tests were conducted to study the displacement of gravity retaining walls during earthquakes. Theoretical analysis based on Newmark's sliding block method was used to analyze the data. For a gravity wall with dry backfill, sliding block method generates reasonable results. However, the method is difficult to apply for a retaining wall with saturated backfill. Comprehensive numerical methods need to be used. A method of calculating the tilting of gravity walls is introduced.

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Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Against Retaining Walls, S. A. Anvar, A. Ghahramani Apr 1995

Dynamic Active Earth Pressure Against Retaining Walls, S. A. Anvar, A. Ghahramani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Equations of equilibrium expressed along the stress characteristics are transformed onto the Zero Extension Line (ZEL) directions. The new dynamic equilibrium equations are then applied to simple ZEL field (composed of Rankine, Goursat, and Coulomb zones) behind retaining walls. Integration of differential equilibrium equations along the assumed field boundary, thus provide the final equations for the active static (Kast) and dynamic (Kady) earth pressure coefficients, which are functions of friction and dilation angles of the soil and friction angle of the wall surface. Numerical evaluation of Kast, and Kady indicates that these coefficients …

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On Seismic Design Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Shamsher Prakash, Yingwei Wu, Eyjolfur Ami Rafnsson Apr 1995

On Seismic Design Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Shamsher Prakash, Yingwei Wu, Eyjolfur Ami Rafnsson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Correlation of the dynamic displacement and significant factors are presented. Three computer programs (Rafnsson, 1991) have been modified to develop design charts. The wall dimension computed by static condition and related displacement under dynamic loading can be estimated from the computer programs. Twenty-one combinations of base soil and back fill, 5 different ground motions and 7 different heights of wall are used in the analyses to develop design charts. These will help the designer to predict the dynamic behavior of retaining walls and to optimize the design work. Furthermore, equations have been fitted to predict the displacement without using the …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Iv, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Iv, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Lumped-Parameter Model And Nonlinear Dssi Analysis, Maotian Luan, Gao Lin, W. F. Chen Apr 1995

Lumped-Parameter Model And Nonlinear Dssi Analysis, Maotian Luan, Gao Lin, W. F. Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A 2-.degrees-of-freedom discrete model with 8 constant lumped parameters is developed to equivalently simulate frequency-dependent dynamic impedances of the elastic halfspace. The equations of motion for the nonlinear dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) analysis are established in the time domain and then nonlinear seismic responses of the coupling system are predicted by the proposed iterative procedure. Based on numerical results for three typical shear-type structures, effects of the shear stiffness of underlying soils and different ground motions on dynamic responses are examined.

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Effect Of Soil Dilatancy On Vibration And Earth Pressure, Y. Ohshima, H. Watanabe Apr 1995

Effect Of Soil Dilatancy On Vibration And Earth Pressure, Y. Ohshima, H. Watanabe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A model ground of air dried sand compacted in a shear testing apparatus and two composite models each of which have the model pit of different rigidity buried in a same model ground as above one are excited horizontally with sinusoidal motions on a shaking table. From measured accelerations and dynamic earth pressure it is found that the vertical vibration is produced in the ground due to the dilatancy or volume change of soil and yet it produces the dynamic earth pressure acting horizontally on all outside walls of the model pit. In order to simulate the results of tests …

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Dynamics Of Rigid Foundations On Fluid-Saturated Soil, A. R. Khoee, A. M. Kaynia Apr 1995

Dynamics Of Rigid Foundations On Fluid-Saturated Soil, A. R. Khoee, A. M. Kaynia

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a three-dimensional boundary element formulation for the steady-state dynamic analysis of fluid saturated porous media. The coupled differential equations are derived from the field equations by the application of the Fourier Transform. The boundary integral formulation is obtained by the weighted residual method and the associated fundamental solutions are obtained by the method developed by Kupradze. The boundary element model is used to obtain compliance functions of square rigid foundations bonded to the surface of a water-saturated half-space. The effect of the soil permeability on the variation of the compliance functions is also examined.

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Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang Apr 1995

Improved Soil-Spring Method For Soil-Structure Interaction — Vertical Excitation, A. H. Hadjian, H. T. Tang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An improved Soil-Spring Method for vertical response analysis is proposed. The Soil-Spring Method belongs to the sub structuring methods of analyses for seismic soil-structure interaction. As originally developed the method has certain significant limitations. The proposed improvement is essentially iterative where, successively, layering, embedment, soil damping and frequency-dependent effects are introduced and adjusted until acceptable convergence is achieved. Additionally, input motion for embedded structures is specified using a simple procedure. The methodology is applied to the Lotung 1/4-scale containment model for three recorded earthquakes. The comparisons of the response results with the recorded data and with results obtained using state-of-the-art …

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Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni Apr 1995

Cyclic Mobility Effects On Soil-Pile Interaction In Dense Sand, F. Pelli, E. J. Parker, L. Conte, M. Bosoni

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A methodology to evaluate the effects of earthquake-induced cyclic mobility in dense sand on the soil-pile interaction parameters is presented. The soil behavior under cyclic loading is defined based on the interpretation of consolidated-undrained cyclic triaxial tests on samples reconstituted to the in situ relative density and shear wave velocity. The stress distribution around the pile is determined analytically, and the softened zone is modelled by an annulus of softer soil. The application of this methodology for the design of three submerged-floating tunnels in the Messina straits, Italy, indicated that even in dense sand the foundation stiffness reduction can be …

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Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi Apr 1995

Foundation Soil Influence On The Seismic Response Of Piers, P. P. Diotallevi, R. Poluzzi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Significant experimental dynamic tests by vibrodyne were conducted on single piers of a motorway near Livomo (Italy). Tests were conducted on structures similar to each other but founded on two different type of soils (under consolidated silts below the water table and over consolidated clays) and very different dynamic responses were found in terms of damping and natural frequencies. This effect was particularly evident for single piles proving the importance of soil characteristics upon the dynamic response of the structure. It is refere also a numerical investigation about the behavior of identical structures founded on different soils and subjected to …

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Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh Apr 1995

Settlement Of Shallow Foundation On Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, B. M. Das, S. C. Yen, G. Singh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory model test results for the permanent settlement of a surface square foundation supported by a sand layer and subjected to a sustained static load superimposed by a cyclic load has been presented. Based on the model test results, the nature of variation of the permanent settlement of the foundation with the intensity of the static loading and the amplitude of the cyclic load intensity are presented.

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Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová Apr 1995

Application Of Weak Earthquake Records In Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis, E. Juhásová

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The problem concerns cases when the structure is situated in the geological conditions with different soil layers including soft ones. The wave motion in the subsoil is described for linear and non-linear soil media, damping is included through complex modulus of elasticity. Variation of damping, obtained from laboratory experiments, answers to frequency and time influences. The properties of weak earthquakes are discussed as they are used like input data before soil transfer. The response of layered subsoil describes extremes of seismic vibration at different depth. It has been recognized that site effects can significantly affect the nature of seismic input …

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Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco Apr 1995

Recommendations Of A Workshop For A Soil-Structure Interaction Experiment, M. Celebi, J. E. Luco

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A workshop held in 1992 (Celebi et al., 1992) brought together a panel of experts (a) to reach a consensus on the benefits and feasibility of instrumenting a building in a seismically active region of the United States to study specifically the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), and (b) to define the parameters of a SSI experiment. The recommendations of the workshop and the current status of the SSI experiment are described herein.

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Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen Apr 1995

Prediction Of Non-Linear Pile Foundation Response To Vertical Vibration, Toyoaki Nogami, Hsiao-Lian Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rational and yet convenient approach is presented to account for the dynamic soil-pile interaction in the vertical vibration analysis of a nonlinear pile foundation. Once elastic soil properties and static complex unit load transfer curves are provided, the approach is capable of reproducing the dynamic and nonlinear conditions mutually coupled. The concept of the approach is verified by numerical analyses. The proposed approach is demonstrated for the prediction of vibration response of a selected pile foundation in the field. Both static load tests and vibration tests were conducted previously on this pile foundation. Inputs for the analysis are obtained …

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Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny Apr 1995

Dynamic Interaction Of An Uplifted Beam With The Supporting Soil, Medhat A. Haroun, Ali A. El-Zeiny

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During seismic events, the overturning moment exerted by the hydrodynamic pressure of a liquid contained in an unanchored, thin-walled liquid storage tank tends to lift the tank base plate off its foundation. The nonlinear uplift and contact mechanism between the base plate and the underlying foundation is investigated in the present study. Nonlinearities due to base plate contact with foundation, large deflection and plastic hinge formation are examined.

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Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Seismic Response Of Pile-Supported Structures With 3-D Nonlinear Approach, Y. X. Cai, P. L. Gould, C. S. Desai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic response of pile-supported structures is evaluated using a three-dimensional finite element subsystem methodology with an advanced plasticity based constitutive model for soils. The motion of the pile foundation is amplified due to the soil-pile-structure interaction. The dynamic internal forces of the structures obtained by the 3-D nonlinear approach deviate significantly from those obtained by the rigid ground motion model. The structures are generally subjected to three-dimensional forces and couples, despite the type of bedrock seismic excitation and the configuration of structures. Some components of the dynamic internal forces may be overlooked if the simplified symmetric models are used …

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Nonlinear Dynamic Impedance Of Pile Group Foundation, K. Miura, K. Masuda, T. Maeda, T. Kobori Apr 1995

Nonlinear Dynamic Impedance Of Pile Group Foundation, K. Miura, K. Masuda, T. Maeda, T. Kobori

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic impedance of a pile group must be determined to perform a dynamic response analysis of the structure it supports. This problem has attracted continued research interest, but most research to date has been on linear soil media. When the excitation level becomes large during an earthquake or a machine type excitation, stress concentration occurs in the soil surrounding the pile, causing the soil to behave nonlinearly. Calculation of pile group impedance necessitates analysis of pile-soil-pile interaction. Any soil nonlinearity around the piles must be taken into account in this analysis. However, the effect of nonlinearity on dynamic impedance …

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Seismic Response On Full-Size Pile Group, Y. C. Han, G. C. W. Sabin Apr 1995

Seismic Response On Full-Size Pile Group, Y. C. Han, G. C. W. Sabin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic response of pile group is investigated in both theory and experiment. The dynamic experiments were conducted on a full-size pile group in linear vibration and nonlinear vibration respectively, and the impedances of group were determined using the boundary zone model with non-reflective interface. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the response of pile group may be increased substantially with the nonlinearity of soil-pile system in a seismic event, and there is a pronounced increase in the horizontal seismic response of group with the pile-soil-pile interaction.

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Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons Apr 1995

Rescue Testing Of Full-Scale In-Situ Structures, P. R. Gefken, J. W. Simons

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

At SRI International a state-of-the-art technique for testing large-scale structures to dynamic motion resembling that from a large magnitude earthquake has been developed. The technique, referred to as repeatable earth shaking by controlled underground expansion (RESCUE), may allow actual full-scale structures to be tested in-situ. In this paper we present the results of a finite element simulation of a full-scale highway overpass loaded from ground motion produced by the RESCUE technique. Results indicated that the RESCUE technique could generate significantly enough ground motion to excite failure damage modes.

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Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior Apr 1995

Tests Of Buildings And Foundations With Vibrations Of Ground, A. N. Tetior

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There was applied three methods of tests of buildings, foundations and structures with seismic influences. There was a common peculiarity of all methods: dynamic influence come to test constructions from ground (similar to natural seismic influence). There was applied: inertian ground box, drop weight and vibromachine connecting with ground box.

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Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen Apr 1995

Efficient Evaluation Of Dynamic Impedance, Gao Lin, Huai-Hai Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An efficient algorithm for the calculation of dynamic impedance of viscoelastic multilayered media is presented. The wavenumber integral over infinite limits are split into two subintervals, the first one is dominated by the plane waves while the second is dominated by the surface Rayleigh waves. Though the integrand of the first one is characterized by dense oscillations and sharp peaks, its integration covers very narrow range and can be evaluated sufficiently accurately with dense sampling points. The integrand of second one varies very smoothly and can be determined analytically, the integration is easy to perform. The advantages of the present …

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Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar Apr 1995

Prestressed Concrete Piles Under Seismic Loading: Case History, Mazen Adib, Willem C. B. Villet, Ahmed Nisar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the performance of 14-inch prestressed concrete piles, supporting a 10-story commercial building, during the 1989 Loma-Prieta Earthquake. Excavations were performed to expose several piles. Except for one comer pile, no significant damage was observed. Several cracks, indicating possible formation of a plastic hinge, were observed at the top of this corner pile. In general, the piles performed well during the M7 earthquake.

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A Study Of Lateral Bearing Capacity Of Pile By Dynamic Test, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang, Yi-Dai Liu Apr 1995

A Study Of Lateral Bearing Capacity Of Pile By Dynamic Test, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang, Yi-Dai Liu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to improve the knowledge of the Lateral Loading behavior of artificially drilled cast-in-place concrete piles, the full-scale lateral static and dynamic loading tests of eleven piles had been carried out by the authors in Louyang, China. In this paper, the principle of laterally dynamic pile test is discussed. The results of the static and dynamic tests performed in the light of different diameter piles are analyzed comparatively. It is found that the critical loads defined by the dynamic testing are almost identical with results of the static testing ones. Thus we come to a conclusion that the lateral …

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Large Amplitude Settlements Of Oil Storage Tanks, Medhat A. Haroun, Yunxia Wang, Wajdi Abou-Lzzeddine, Nicolino Mode Apr 1995

Large Amplitude Settlements Of Oil Storage Tanks, Medhat A. Haroun, Yunxia Wang, Wajdi Abou-Lzzeddine, Nicolino Mode

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The measured profile of large-amplitude settlements of an oil storage tank was analyzed by the finite element method. Both geometric and material nonlinearities were included in the finite element analysis. Stresses and deformations, based on available qualification criteria, were examined. The results showed that most criteria in use today for the tank shell and the bottom plate are overly conservative. The calculated response of the existing operational tank under the measured large-amplitude settlements confirmed such an observation.

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Effect Of Soil Properties On Foundation Settlements Under Earthquake Loading, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Effect Of Soil Properties On Foundation Settlements Under Earthquake Loading, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An analytical study is carried out to predict the immediate settlement of the structures during earthquake loadings. In this analysis a three dimensions mathematical model is used to investigate the behavior of the whole system consisting of soil -foundation and structure. The deformation of different points of the foundation as well as the other parts of the structure are calculated. The time acceleration record of Tabas earthquake was used as an earthquake type of loading. The effect of the main factors on the elastic settlement of the structure such as soil elastic modulus, foundation thickness, weight of the structure and …

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