Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

1991

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 331 - 360 of 505

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Behavior Of Buildings In August 21, 1988 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake, S. K. Thakkar, D. K. Paul, S. Mukerjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwani Kumar, B. V. K. Lavania Mar 1991

Behavior Of Buildings In August 21, 1988 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake, S. K. Thakkar, D. K. Paul, S. Mukerjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwani Kumar, B. V. K. Lavania

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A moderate size earthquake rocked Bihar-Nepal border at 4.40 hrs. on August 21, 1988 causing wide spread devastation leading to loss of many lives and economic loss to the people of that region. The paper describes the study of damages occurred in masonry buildings, reinforced concrete buildings and liquefaction of the soil. The weakness of construction causes of damage and lessons learnt from the performance of structures are highlighted. The traditional and old structures without any earthquake resistance measures has suffered greater damage. The new reconstruction and strengthening measures must take into consideration the experience of failure of structures.

Go to article

Dedication To Harry B. Seed, Shamsher Prakash Mar 1991

Dedication To Harry B. Seed, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Earthquake Potential Along The Hayward Fault, California, Glenn Borchardt, J. David Rogers Mar 1991

Earthquake Potential Along The Hayward Fault, California, Glenn Borchardt, J. David Rogers

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Loma Prieta event probably marks a renewed period of major seismic activity in the San Francisco Bay Area. Particularly ominous is the historic record of major events a few years apart on opposite sides of the Bay in 1836 (N. Hayward fault) and 1838 (N. Peninsula, San Andreas fault) and 1865 (Loma Prieta segment, San Andreas fault), and 1868 (S. Hayward fault) (Figure 1). Recent preliminary measurements of the Holocene geologic slip rate of the Hayward fault are as much as 9 mm/yr (Lienkaemper and others 1989) - about 80% greater than the first Holocene measurements determined as recently …

Go to article

June 20, 1990 Earthquake Of Northern Iran: An Overview, F. Nateghi, S. Eshghi Mar 1991

June 20, 1990 Earthquake Of Northern Iran: An Overview, F. Nateghi, S. Eshghi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

On the day of June 20, 1990 at 21:00 GMT (June 21, 1990, at 00:30 local time) a destructive earthquake of magnitude 7.6 shook Northern provinces of Iran. It caused widespread geotechnical and structural damages covering an approximate area of 10,000 sq. km resulting in 37,000 life losses, 100,000 injuries, and 100,000 building failures leaving more than 400,000 people homeless. This paper summarizes the post-earthquake investigations and discusses the general engineering aspects of the June 20, 1990 seismological, geotechnical, and structural aspects of the event. Lessons learned are also discussed.

Go to article

Performance Of Earth Dams During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Leslie F. Harder Jr. Mar 1991

Performance Of Earth Dams During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Leslie F. Harder Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The October 17, 1989 Lorna Prieta Earthquake shook a large number of earth and rockfill darns. There were actually more than 100 darns within 50 miles of the fault rupture associated with this event. Although more than half of these embankments were less than 60 feet in height, a number of major darns were strongly shaken. In general, the darns performed satisfactory with one major darn and one minor darn developing moderate damage. A small number also developed minor to moderate cracking which required repairs. The great majority, however, sustained no significant damage. Although this result is quite encouraging, this …

Go to article

Study Of Co-Seismic Planetary Conditions For Earthquake Prediction, R. N. Ketkar, M. N. Viladkar, P. N. Agrawal Mar 1991

Study Of Co-Seismic Planetary Conditions For Earthquake Prediction, R. N. Ketkar, M. N. Viladkar, P. N. Agrawal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The periodicities in the occurrence of earthquakes, as indicated by the cosmic conditions, have been traced by analysing the planetary data at the time of occurrence of more than 1100 earthquakes of magnitude, M 27.0, which occurred during the period 1896 to 1965. Correlation between the transits of planets in the sensitive areas and at sensitive longitudes in the zodiac and the seismicity of California and adjoining area has been shown. Based on the analysis, a method for forecasting earthquakes is also proposed.

Go to article

Two Sequences Of Fine Grained Soil Liquefaction At Soda Lake, Pajaro River Valley, Santa Cruz County, California, J. David Rogers, C. J. Wills, M. W. Manson Mar 1991

Two Sequences Of Fine Grained Soil Liquefaction At Soda Lake, Pajaro River Valley, Santa Cruz County, California, J. David Rogers, C. J. Wills, M. W. Manson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Soda Lake was originally a natural lake in an abandoned meander bend of the Pajaro River. The San Andreas Fault zone lies 350 meters southwest of the lake, on a northwesterly trend. The natural lake was diked with embankments approximately 3 to 6 meters high on its 'southern and eastern sides in 1968 for use as a tailings pond. Fine waste material from Granite Rock Company's Wilson quarry, located just across the river and approximately 0.5 kilometers west of the lake, was periodically slurried by pipeline over to Soda Lake and thence hydraulically deposited from 1968 to the present. During …

Go to article

Dynamic Soil – Pile Parameters, K. Muthukrishnaiah, V. S. Raju Mar 1991

Dynamic Soil – Pile Parameters, K. Muthukrishnaiah, V. S. Raju

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Results of lateral dynamic load tests conducted on precast driven concrete piles at two Project sites, one in South India (two individual piles) and another in Western India (one individual pile and two numbers of two-pile groups) are reported in the Paper. Shear wave velocities were determined from Cross Hole tests at the pile cut-off level at the test pile locations at the two sites. These values are compared with those reported in literature for two similar types of soils, namely, alluvial clay and alluvial sand. The subsoil conditions including Standard Penetration Test data and Static Cone Penetration Test data …

Go to article

Preliminary Report On The Geotechnical Aspects Of The Philippine Earthquake Of July 16, 1990, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shinichi Kuwayama, Saburoh Midorikawa, Akio Abe, Shuji Tamura Mar 1991

Preliminary Report On The Geotechnical Aspects Of The Philippine Earthquake Of July 16, 1990, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shinichi Kuwayama, Saburoh Midorikawa, Akio Abe, Shuji Tamura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Philippine earthquake of July 16, 1990 (MS = 7.8), of which epicenter is about 100 km north of Manila city, was one of the most costly single natural disasters in Philippine history. The loss of life of over 1,600 persons resulted. Extensive damage to buildings, roads, embankments, natural slopes, and bridges was observed in a widespread area of approximately 20,000 square kilometers. One of the major causes of the damage was liquefaction of various sandy soils including artificially fills, alluvial deposits of river delta, and sandbars. This paper presents a preliminary overview of damage aspects of the earthquake, …

Go to article

Soil Amplification At Treasure Island During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Roman D. Hryciw, Scott E. Shewbridge, Kyle M. Rollins, Michael Mchood, Matthew Homolka Mar 1991

Soil Amplification At Treasure Island During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Roman D. Hryciw, Scott E. Shewbridge, Kyle M. Rollins, Michael Mchood, Matthew Homolka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Loma Prieta Earthquake ground motions recorded on Treasure Island, a man-made fill in San Francisco Bay were considerably greater than on the adjacent Yerba Buena rock outcrop. The Yerba Buena motions were used as input to the computer program SHAKE90 for computing soil amplification at Treasure Island. Shear wave propagation velocities were obtained by seismic cone penetration testing. Reasonable agreement was observed between the computed and recorded accelerations at the strong motion recording station. The maximum computed accelerations around the island ranged from 0.13 to 0.20 g's. The degree of damage at various locations on the island correlated somewhat …

Go to article

General Report Session 5: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading, E. Kausel, J. Roesset, A. H. Hadjian, J. Bielak, G. R. Martin Mar 1991

General Report Session 5: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading, E. Kausel, J. Roesset, A. H. Hadjian, J. Bielak, G. R. Martin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Structural Damage In A Populated Area Due To An Active Fault, N. Kalteziotis, N. Sabatakakis, G. Koukis, H. Zervogiannis, G. Tsiambaos Mar 1991

Structural Damage In A Populated Area Due To An Active Fault, N. Kalteziotis, N. Sabatakakis, G. Koukis, H. Zervogiannis, G. Tsiambaos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The city of Patras was struck in August 1989 by a shallow earthquake of MS= 4.8 which caused a surface rupture and serious structural damage to several buildings located in a narrow elongated zone. A detailed investigation programme was carried out including geological mapping, drilling of boreholes, in situ and laboratory testing and monitoring of horizontal and vertical movements. It was found that the surface rupture, about 1500 m long, was closely related with the reactivation of a preexisting normal fault. The structural damage of buildings was found to be limited mainly in a narrow zone 50 m …

Go to article

Validation Of A Piles Dynamic Analysis Computer Code Through In Situ Tests, R. Bonaz, A. Pecker, T. Duroy, M. Ralljaona, J. P. Touret Mar 1991

Validation Of A Piles Dynamic Analysis Computer Code Through In Situ Tests, R. Bonaz, A. Pecker, T. Duroy, M. Ralljaona, J. P. Touret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to qualify the CLAPIFOU code, which computes the dynamic response of a pile foundation subjected to earthquake or harmonic forces, a test campaign was carried out on piles, to full scale, on pile groups of 2 x 1 piles and 2 x 3 piles on the Plancoet site. The purpose of the study is to compare the results of the experiments and the digital simulations with the computer code. The comparison is good but confirms the need for a good knowledge of the soil's characteristics.

Go to article

Aspects Of Seismic Analysis And Design Of Rockfill Dams, George Gazetas, Panos Dakoulas Mar 1991

Aspects Of Seismic Analysis And Design Of Rockfill Dams, George Gazetas, Panos Dakoulas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Theoretical methods for estimating the dynamic response and predicting the performance of modern rockfill dams subjected to strong earthquake shaking are reviewed. The focus is on methods accounting for nonlinear material behavior, for 3-Dimensional canyon geometry, and asynchronous base excitation. It is shown that both strong nonlinearities and lack of coherence in the seismic excitation tend to reduce the magnitude of the deleterious "whip-lash" effect computed for tall dams built in rigid-wall narrow canyons. Particular emphasis is accorded to Concrete-Faced Rockfill dams and a case study involving an actually designed dam in a narrow canyon points to some potential problems …

Go to article

Classification Of Analysis Methods For Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction, John P. Wolf Mar 1991

Classification Of Analysis Methods For Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction, John P. Wolf

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The various methods to perform soil-structure-interaction analysis are classified. The first classification uses as criterion the behavior (linear or nonlinear) of the structure and of the unbounded soil. The second classification distinguishes between the direct method and the substructure method, which do not necessarily lead to identical results. Within each method, however, the various procedures are mathematically equivalent. In the substructure method the dynamic stiffness representing the interaction forces of the unbounded soil is determined based on the boundary element method in the time or frequency domain. In the latter case various so-called realizations in the time domain are distinguished …

Go to article

State Of The Art Papers: Discussion And Replies, Tzou-Shin Ueng Mar 1991

State Of The Art Papers: Discussion And Replies, Tzou-Shin Ueng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Seismic Design Of Earth Retaining Structures, R. V. Whitman Mar 1991

Seismic Design Of Earth Retaining Structures, R. V. Whitman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent experiments, field observations and theoretical numerical studies are summarized: Where the simple conditions assumed by the Mononobe-Okabe theory are reproduced. ln tests, predictions and observations agree well. However, a retaining structure and surrounding soil are a complex dynamic system and behavior is far from simple. Emphasis has shifted somewhat away from dynamic stresses toward evaluation of residual displacements. With a good understanding of actual behavior, traditional methods may still be used except for large and unusual structures. The largest unknowns concern the behavior of cohesive soils and moderately dense to dense saturated sands.

Go to article

Preface, Shamsher Prakash Mar 1991

Preface, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Welcoming Remarks, Joseph E. Minor Mar 1991

Welcoming Remarks, Joseph E. Minor

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Pictures And Participants, Multiple Members Mar 1991

Pictures And Participants, Multiple Members

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Representative Earthquake Features In The New Madrid Seismic Zone As Seen By Participants In The March 15-17, 1991, Field Trip, David Stewart Mar 1991

Representative Earthquake Features In The New Madrid Seismic Zone As Seen By Participants In The March 15-17, 1991, Field Trip, David Stewart

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Application Of The Elastoplastic-Viscoplastic Bounding Surface Model To Cyclic Loading, Victor N. Kaliakin Mar 1991

Application Of The Elastoplastic-Viscoplastic Bounding Surface Model To Cyclic Loading, Victor N. Kaliakin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The predictive capabilities of the elastoplastic-viscoplastic bonding surface mode, with emphasis response of cohesive soils subjected to cyclic loading, are discussed herein. This model, which represents a generalized three-dimensional constitutive formulation for isotropic cohesive soils, is developed within the framework coupled elastoplasticity-viscoplasticity and critical state soil mechanics.

Go to article

Behavior Of Geotextile Reinforced Soil Under Cyclic Loading, G. Venkatappa Rao, G. P. Singh, K. K. Gupta Mar 1991

Behavior Of Geotextile Reinforced Soil Under Cyclic Loading, G. Venkatappa Rao, G. P. Singh, K. K. Gupta

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The vast potential of geotextiles for separation (reinforcement in pavements and rail roads is yet to be fully exploited in India, despite the initial successful trials. This is partly due to the lack of sufficient test data on the behavior under repetitive loading of indigenous geotextiles. This paper reports typical triaxial test results on reinforced and unreinforced specimens before and after cyclic loading. The reinforcement used is a needle punched polypropylene geotextile manufactured in India. The results reported include strength before and after cyclic loading (cyclic loading under both drained and undrained conditions), modulus of resilience and plastic strain. Limited …

Go to article

Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of An Undisturbed Gravel For Aseismic Design Of A Bridge Foundation, Fumio Tatsuoka, Shin-Lchi Yamada, Katsuhiko Yamada, Masahiko Yasuda, Susumu Manabe Mar 1991

Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of An Undisturbed Gravel For Aseismic Design Of A Bridge Foundation, Fumio Tatsuoka, Shin-Lchi Yamada, Katsuhiko Yamada, Masahiko Yasuda, Susumu Manabe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For the aseismic design of a pier foundation constructed on a lightly cemented dense gravel deposit of a 3,910m-long suspension bridge, cyclic and monotonic undrained triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed specimens with a diameter of 30cm taken from the deposit under a sea depth of about 55m. Using the results of the cyclic undrained triaxial tests together with irregular cyclic stresses evaluated for the design earthquake motion by a dynamic FEM analysis, maximum strains in the gravel deposit were obtained by the cumulative damage concept. The strain values thus estimated indicated a sufficiently high degree of seismic stability of …

Go to article

Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of Saturated Sand Under Monotonic Loading, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Masahiro Sugimura Mar 1991

Cyclic Undrained Behavior Of Saturated Sand Under Monotonic Loading, Hiroshi Matsuzawa, Masahiro Sugimura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to investigate undrained behavior of saturated sand, three types of undrained triaxial tests were performed for saturated Toyoura sand, i.e., cyclic loading test with (DTU-test) and without (DU-test) constant initial shear stress and tests in which constant rate axial strain and cyclic axial stress were applied to a specimen simultaneously (DCU-test). In DCU-tests, three types of failure were observed, i.e.; 1) perfectly liquefied in the case of relatively loose sand, 2) initially liquefied, but shear failure was induced after strength recovery for succeeding loading in the case of relatively dense sand, and 3) shear failure was induced without …

Go to article

Cyclic Undrained Tests Along Constant Axial Stress On Hollow Cylinder, O. Hameury, T. Doanh Mar 1991

Cyclic Undrained Tests Along Constant Axial Stress On Hollow Cylinder, O. Hameury, T. Doanh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Cyclic hollow cylinder tests have been performed on sand and clay under undrained conditions. In order to point out the effects of the rotation of principal axes, a constant axial stress is maintained during the application of torsional shear. On this stress path, the behavior of the two materials is studied in terms of stress-strain relationship, pore pressure, failure criterion and also rotation of strain principal axes.

Go to article

Deformation Of Sand Under Cyclic Simple Shear Loading, Chung-Jung Lee Mar 1991

Deformation Of Sand Under Cyclic Simple Shear Loading, Chung-Jung Lee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The deformation behavior of sand under simple shear loading was studied. The relation between the shear stress ratio and fabric factor, and the relationship between the fabric and dilatancy rate of a sand were developed. Thus the stress-dilatancy relation for sand was derived. Adopting the concept that the volumetric changes of the sample induced by the cyclic shear stress were compensated by the volumetric changes due to vertical stress changes in the constant volume simple shear tests, the relation of shear stress ratio and vertical stress change was derived.

Go to article

Degradation Of Saturated Clays After Cyclic Loading, Tamotsu Matsui, Mohamed A. Bahr, Nobuharu Abe Mar 1991

Degradation Of Saturated Clays After Cyclic Loading, Tamotsu Matsui, Mohamed A. Bahr, Nobuharu Abe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a part from a series of tests performed to evaluate the static shear behavior of normally consolidated and over-consolidated clays after cyclic loading effect. The results demonstrated that the static undrained stress-strain behavior of these types of clays was affected by their relative stiffness. Based on the equivalent over-consolidation hypothesis and the experimental results it was able to construct the shear characteristics degradation relationships for the normally consolidated clays. The predicted results were compared with the measured test data and their well agreement was confirmed.

Go to article

Development Of Shear Modulus Reduction Curves Based On Lotung Downhole Ground Motion Data, C.-Y. Chang, Y. K. Tang, C. M. Mok, H. T. Tang, M. S. Power, J. C. Stepp Mar 1991

Development Of Shear Modulus Reduction Curves Based On Lotung Downhole Ground Motion Data, C.-Y. Chang, Y. K. Tang, C. M. Mok, H. T. Tang, M. S. Power, J. C. Stepp

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this study, equivalent shear moduli (or shear-wave velocities) and their variations with shearing strain at the Lotung seismic experiment site were back-calculated from recorded downhole array ground motions. Ground motion data for various levels of shaking (peak ground surface accelerations ranging from 0.03g to 0.21g) recorded during seven earthquakes were used in the analyses. Results show that downhole array ground motion data can be used to infer in-situ dynamic soil properties over a wide strain range.

Go to article

Electrical Conductivity For Evaluating Fabric And Mechanical Behavior Of Granular Soils, Lien Kwei Chien, J. C. Li Mar 1991

Electrical Conductivity For Evaluating Fabric And Mechanical Behavior Of Granular Soils, Lien Kwei Chien, J. C. Li

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this study, an auto-compensation conductivity measurement system has been developed. This system is expected to offer a possible means for describing the granular soil fabric and mechanical behaviors. A series of cyclic triaxial compression, extension, and unloading tests with resistance measurement were performed. The correlation between granular soil friction angle φ, and vertical formation factor, Fv under maximum shear stress ratio has been studied. The test results have shown that the electrical conductivity could be used to evaluate the fabric behavior during the process of loading. The fabric ellipsoid function, which has been used to simulate the orientation …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last