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Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons™
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- Concrete (19)
- Inspection (14)
- Safety (14)
- Durability (13)
- Pavement (12)
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- Bridge (11)
- Cracking (11)
- Rutting (11)
- Fatigue (9)
- Transportation planning (9)
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- Bridge deck (7)
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- Maintenance (6)
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Articles 211 - 240 of 1127
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Implementation Of Steel Bridge Protection Policy, Luh M. Chang, Po-Han Chen, Sangwook Lee
Implementation Of Steel Bridge Protection Policy, Luh M. Chang, Po-Han Chen, Sangwook Lee
JTRP Technical Reports
Many Departments of Transportation (DOTs) have made tremendous efforts for managing their civil infrastructure systems effectively and to meet public demands for their performance and safety. The introduction of warranties help many DOTs keep their construction with better quality by shifting post-construction responsibilities to contractors. Warranties are applied to numerous items according to each DOT’s needs, and this research focuses on steel bridge painting protection policy for Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This research represents the development of an implementable warranty clause for protecting steel bridge painting and the image processing technique for the objective and quantitative painting quality assessment. …
Asphalt Additives To Control Rutting And Cracking, Rebecca Mcdaniel, Ayesha Shah
Asphalt Additives To Control Rutting And Cracking, Rebecca Mcdaniel, Ayesha Shah
JTRP Technical Reports
This report presents the results of an investigation of the performance of a variety of materials added to asphalt binders and mixtures to change their properties, particularly with respect to rutting and cracking. The approach included a field trial of seven polymer and particulate modifiers, supplemented by laboratory characterization of the materials used in the field. The modifiers evaluated included PAC, Novophalt, Multigrade asphalt cement, polyester fibers, Neoprene, SBR and asphalt rubber. The field trial showed that different modifiers do yield different performance. Modifiers are not essential to ensure that the pavement will not rut. None of the mixtures evaluated …
Beta Testing Implementation Of The Purdue Time Domain Reflectometry (Tdr) Method For Soil Water Content And Density Measurement, Vincent P. Drnevich, Xiong Yu, Janet Elaine Lovell
Beta Testing Implementation Of The Purdue Time Domain Reflectometry (Tdr) Method For Soil Water Content And Density Measurement, Vincent P. Drnevich, Xiong Yu, Janet Elaine Lovell
JTRP Technical Reports
The Purdue TDR method is a new technology for simultaneously measuring soil water content and dry density insitu. An ASTM standard for using TDR to measure soil water content and dry density based on Purdue TDR method was approved during the time span of this project and is designated ASTM D6780. The primary objective of this study was to take the Purdue TDR Method to the point where it is widely field tested by users on a broad spectrum of soils around the country. This goal was achieved by involving researchers at other universities and practitioners in federal and state …
Debris Accumulation At Bridge Crossings: Laboratory And Field Studies, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Yong-Kon Yi, Rahul N. Sinha, A. Ramachandra Rao
Debris Accumulation At Bridge Crossings: Laboratory And Field Studies, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Yong-Kon Yi, Rahul N. Sinha, A. Ramachandra Rao
JTRP Technical Reports
Extensive accumulation of large woody debris at bridge piers poses a chronic and sometimes quite severe problem at several bridge crossings in Indiana. This study, involving both laboratory and field components, examines the factors contributing to the initiation and development of such debris piles. The laboratory study, performed in a rectangular channel with a single model pier (and in some cases with an upstream vertical cylinder modeling a debris deflector, as well as a model sand bar) and both dowels and twigs as model logs, considered the effects of velocity and depth. The experiments point to a stronger than might …
Development Of Vehicle Platoon Distribution Models And Simulation Of Platoon Movements On Indiana Rural Corridors, Yi Jiang, Shou Li, Daniel E. Shamo
Development Of Vehicle Platoon Distribution Models And Simulation Of Platoon Movements On Indiana Rural Corridors, Yi Jiang, Shou Li, Daniel E. Shamo
JTRP Technical Reports
Since the 1980s, traffic volumes have experienced a rapid growth of approximately 30% in Indiana. Traffic data indicates that more than 70% of vehicles travel in platoons on Indiana highway corridors in the vicinity of urban areas. At a rural highway intersection consisting of a major road with high traffic volume and a minor road with low traffic volume, it is very common that the green time cannot be used efficiently, especially when the vehicle detectors on the major road are imbedded close to the intersection. In Indiana, most of the traffic signal timing systems operate well. However, these systems …
Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (1 Of 2 Volumes), Andrzej P. Tarko, Naredla Lakshmi Reddy
Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (1 Of 2 Volumes), Andrzej P. Tarko, Naredla Lakshmi Reddy
JTRP Technical Reports
Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers’ opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen …
Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (2 Of 2 Volumes), Robert C. Zahnke, Maria L. Drake, Jose E. Thomaz
Evaluation Of Safety Enforcement On Changing Driver Behavior - Runs On Red (2 Of 2 Volumes), Robert C. Zahnke, Maria L. Drake, Jose E. Thomaz
JTRP Technical Reports
Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers’ opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen …
Imaging And Locating Buried Utilities, Hyung Seok Jeong, Carlos A. Arboleda, Dulcy M. Abraham, Daniel W. Halpin, Leonhard E. Bernold
Imaging And Locating Buried Utilities, Hyung Seok Jeong, Carlos A. Arboleda, Dulcy M. Abraham, Daniel W. Halpin, Leonhard E. Bernold
JTRP Technical Reports
The urban underground has become a spider’s web of utility lines, including phones, electricity, gas, cable TV, fiber optics, traffic signals, street lighting circuits, drainage and sanitary sewers and water mains. Utility damages during construction are very significant and on the rise, resulting in construction delays, design changes, claims, property damages, service breakdowns, disruption of neighboring businesses and even injuries and lost lives. The American Institute of Constructors (AIC) reported that damage to utility lines is the third most significant crisis for contractors. The state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice imaging technologies that have potential for being applied in locating underground utilities …
Initial Study For Cost-Effectiveness Of Joint/Crack Sealing, Chuanxin Fang, Khaled A. Galal, David R. Ward, John E. Haddock
Initial Study For Cost-Effectiveness Of Joint/Crack Sealing, Chuanxin Fang, Khaled A. Galal, David R. Ward, John E. Haddock
JTRP Technical Reports
The sealing and resealing of joints and cracks in PCC, HMA, and composite pavements is assumed to be an important component of pavement maintenance. Recently this practice has been challenged by research indicating that sealing may not be cost-effective. The Indiana Department of Transportation currently spends approximately four million dollars annually to perform joint/crack sealing. The primary objective of the research presented in this report is to investigate the costeffectiveness of joint/crack sealing in relation to pavement performance. The results of a mail survey showed that most states, including Indiana, do not have quantitative justification for sealing policies, nor do …
Indot Highway Needs Analysis - Impacts Of Physical Features (Horizontal And Vertical Curvature), Sanjeev Kanekal, Jon D. Fricker
Indot Highway Needs Analysis - Impacts Of Physical Features (Horizontal And Vertical Curvature), Sanjeev Kanekal, Jon D. Fricker
JTRP Technical Reports
The INDOT Long-Range Planning Section has developed a set of planning tools that will support the system-level analysis of the state transportation system. These tools are employed to monitor transportation system performance, identify highway needs, and provide a quantitative analysis of the impacts of transportation improvement projects. One such tool is HERS/IN (Indiana Highway Economic Requirements System). The HERS/IN model identifies deficiencies in pavement, capacity, and alignment by referring to the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data of the roadway sections. The HERS model uses a method to accommodate the curve and grade data and, based on these data, it …
National Pooled Fund Study No.176, Validation Of Shrp Asphalt Mixture Specifications Using Accelerated Testing, James Lincoln Stiady, Adam J. Hand, Samy Noureldin, Jianfeng Hua, Thomas D. White, Khaled A. Galal
National Pooled Fund Study No.176, Validation Of Shrp Asphalt Mixture Specifications Using Accelerated Testing, James Lincoln Stiady, Adam J. Hand, Samy Noureldin, Jianfeng Hua, Thomas D. White, Khaled A. Galal
JTRP Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Investigation Of Bridge Deck Cracking In Various Bridge Superstructure Systems, Robert J. Frosch, David Todd Blackman, Roger Dwight Radabaugh
Investigation Of Bridge Deck Cracking In Various Bridge Superstructure Systems, Robert J. Frosch, David Todd Blackman, Roger Dwight Radabaugh
JTRP Technical Reports
Many bridges in the state of Indiana have been identified to have cracking in the concrete deck. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges on both the top and bottom surfaces and can appear before or shortly after the opening of the structure to live loads. Significant crack widths and various degrees of cracking exist in different bridge systems including both concrete and steel superstructures. This research project was divided into five phases to determine the factors affecting transverse and longitudinal bridge deck cracking, as well as, to develop design recommendations that minimize or …
Classification Of Railroad Crossings In Indiana For Roughness, Thomas A. Williams
Classification Of Railroad Crossings In Indiana For Roughness, Thomas A. Williams
JTRP Technical Reports
The objective of this research was to determine if roughness data on railroad crossings could be extracted from INDOT’s road network database in order to determine the need and priority of repair projects. This “railroad roughness” was to be correlated to the general public’s perception of riding comfort by using the panel rating method. From this information a Railroad Crossing Index (RCI) would be developed so that the INDOT could search the database to generate a list of crossings that require repair and prioritize them. To calculate RCI four methods were proposed: 1. The first proposed method for generating RCI …
Construction Work Zone Safety, Christopher Ryan Huebschman, Camilo Garcia, Darcy M. Bullock, Dulcy M. Abraham
Construction Work Zone Safety, Christopher Ryan Huebschman, Camilo Garcia, Darcy M. Bullock, Dulcy M. Abraham
JTRP Technical Reports
The need of maintaining safety of motorists and workers during periods of construction activities on interstates has prompted the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to initiate a study aimed at improving the safety in work zones on rural interstates. The two main objectives of the project are 1) determine if active warning devices or improved signing have an impact in work zone safety and 2) determine if it is appropriate to consider temporary roads and bridges during construction activity on interstates in an effort to maintain two lanes open at all times. This report describes the methods used to meet …
Development Of A Database And System For Analyzing The Actual And Potential Impacts On The Environment Of Existing And Planned Indot Sites, Lynn A. Corson
Development Of A Database And System For Analyzing The Actual And Potential Impacts On The Environment Of Existing And Planned Indot Sites, Lynn A. Corson
JTRP Technical Reports
The objectives of this research were: 1. to identify the source, character, currency and format of environmental, ecological, geological and other data for each existing facility site and organize it in a “hard copy” and/or computerized framework to aid the prioritization and planning process for facility upgrades to protect the environment, for regulatory compliance, and for potential replacement or relocation of existing sites; 2. to identify and assess the criteria currently employed by INDOT to select locations for new and/or relocated facilities, including the ASTM Phase I and II Environmental Site Assessment criteria, and to recommend additional criteria including those …
The Effectiveness Of Maintenance And Its Impact On Capital Expenditures, Samuel Labi, Kumares C. Sinha
The Effectiveness Of Maintenance And Its Impact On Capital Expenditures, Samuel Labi, Kumares C. Sinha
JTRP Technical Reports
With ever increasing traffic loadings, highway pavement maintenance needs continue to outpace the availability of resources, and transportation agencies seek cost-effective maintenance practices. This study investigated the effectiveness of maintenance treatments in the short-term and the cost effectiveness of maintenance strategies over entire pavement life. The study also analyzed the relationships and trade-offs between maintenance and capital investments such as pavement rehabilitation, and the trade-offs between preventive and corrective maintenance. These analyses were carried out through a work sequence that included analyses of historical trends, literature review, and a questionnaire survey. The study found that there are significant benefits associated …
An Investigation On Transversely Prestressed Concrete Bridge Decks, J. A. Ramirez, Jhon Paul Smith
An Investigation On Transversely Prestressed Concrete Bridge Decks, J. A. Ramirez, Jhon Paul Smith
JTRP Technical Reports
This study is concerned with the development of design specifications for the use of transverse post-tensioning in concrete bridge decks. The ultimate goal behind this proposal is to improve the durability of concrete bridge superstructures. Experimental results from previous studies are used to validate the analytical models implemented in the development of the design specifications. It is found that the required distribution of transverse post-tensioning is such that different application levels of prestressing are required in regions containing the interior and exterior (or outermost) diaphragms. It is also concluded that the magnitude of such transverse forces is a function of …
Investigation Of Novel Acoustic Barrier Concepts Phase I: Concept Development And Preliminary Evaluation, Luc Mongeau, J. Stuart Bolton, Sanghoon Suh
Investigation Of Novel Acoustic Barrier Concepts Phase I: Concept Development And Preliminary Evaluation, Luc Mongeau, J. Stuart Bolton, Sanghoon Suh
JTRP Technical Reports
In a previous research project [SPR 2418; "Study of the performance of acoustic barriers for Indiana toll roads,"] the influence of environmental factors and of advanced sound barrier concepts was investigated. The presence of temperature gradients over pavements was found to have a strong influence on sound propagation. Refraction of sound waves emitted by tire-road interactions in the vicinity of the ground also affects sound barrier performance. Modified ray tracing model suggested that prevailing winds have an influence on barrier performance at large distances. Randomized edge configurations were found not to improve barrier performance for traffic noise. Random edges simply …
Maintenance Quality Assurance Program, Bob G. Mccullouch
Maintenance Quality Assurance Program, Bob G. Mccullouch
JTRP Technical Reports
An INDOT maintenance QA program has been developed and implemented at the activity level. Every maintenance activity is checked and evaluated by QA guidelines. One area that has been considered as an ideal candidate for QA is at the management level of maintenance operations. This program uses a random sample population at a certain confidence level to evaluate the maintenance condition of INDOT roads. Five categories are evaluated: pavement, roadside features, shoulder, drainage, and traffic control. A field inspection program utilizes INDOT personnel and resources. A scoring program yields results that provides for category and individual item evaluations. Data collected …
Traffic Signals In School Zones, Kevin S. Lee, Darcy M. Bullock
Traffic Signals In School Zones, Kevin S. Lee, Darcy M. Bullock
JTRP Technical Reports
Traffic signals are used to control the right of way at intersections. Strict engineering guidelines are published in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) that engineers use to determine if a traffic signal is “warranted”. The warrants provide consistent national balance between mobility, safety, efficiency, and costs. However, signalized intersections are often viewed by the general public as safer then unsignalized intersections. This belief is often heightened when there are personal injuries and even higher when children are involved. Parents, city officials, and local interest groups often vigorously request the installation of a traffic signal. After these requests …
Weigh-In-Motion Data Checking And Imputation, Ting Wei, Jon D. Fricker
Weigh-In-Motion Data Checking And Imputation, Ting Wei, Jon D. Fricker
JTRP Technical Reports
There are about 46 weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations in Indiana. When operating properly, they provide valuable information on traffic volumes, vehicle classifications, and axle weights. Because there are great amounts of WIM data collected everyday, the quality of these data should be monitor without further delay. The first objective of this study is to develop effective and efficient methods to identify missing or erroneous WIM data. The second objective is to develop a data imputation method to update the missing or erroneous data. This report describes the WIM data checking process on both a monthly and a daily basis. The Weigh-In-Motion …
Simplified Shear Design Of Prestressed Concrete Members, Robert J. Frosch, Tyler S. Wolf
Simplified Shear Design Of Prestressed Concrete Members, Robert J. Frosch, Tyler S. Wolf
JTRP Technical Reports
Design methods for the shear resistance of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams are based on empirical evidence. Due to different approaches in their development different equations are used to calculate the shear strength of reinforced and prestressed concrete. Recent research conducted by Tureyen has proposed a simplified shear model for reinforced concrete which is primarily based upon mechanics and corresponds well with a wide range of test results. The objective of this research was to determine the applicability of the shear model to prestressed concrete. The applicability of the shear model was evaluated by a comparison of its results with …
Use Of Modulus Of Rupture, Fatigue Resistance And Maturity In Determining Opening To Traffic Time For Concrete Pavements, J. Olek, Menashi D. Cohen, Charles F. Scholer, Deepak R. Mandrekar
Use Of Modulus Of Rupture, Fatigue Resistance And Maturity In Determining Opening To Traffic Time For Concrete Pavements, J. Olek, Menashi D. Cohen, Charles F. Scholer, Deepak R. Mandrekar
JTRP Technical Reports
The main objective of this experimental and analytical research project was to develop maturity-based guidelines for early opening-to-traffic of concrete pavements in the state of Indiana. Currently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) specifies that pavements can be opened to traffic when the concrete reaches the strength of at least 3.8 MPa (550 psi). During this study modulus of rupture (MOR) and maturity data were collected and strength gain characteristics were analyzed. Also, fatigue experiments were performed at different stress levels and ages. Based on the experimental results, modulus of rupture of concrete was correlated with corresponding fatigue life for …
An Evaluation Of Innovative Transportation Financing Techniques For Indiana, Kristine Drike, A. Vincent Genetti, Kumares C. Sinha
An Evaluation Of Innovative Transportation Financing Techniques For Indiana, Kristine Drike, A. Vincent Genetti, Kumares C. Sinha
JTRP Technical Reports
Innovative financing techniques can complement current methods of financing highway projects in Indiana. Annual federal apportionments and Indiana state revenues are not sufficient to maintain and improve state highways, so innovative approaches in transportation project financing should be sought. There are several available innovative financing techniques associated with the use of federal funds. Although, they do not provide new sources of revenue and cannot create enough funds for all identified projects, they provide flexibility in the use of available funds that can expedite the implementation of individual projects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the major innovative …
Design Of Durable Concrete Railroad Crossings, Anthony J. Lamanna, Charles F. Scholer
Design Of Durable Concrete Railroad Crossings, Anthony J. Lamanna, Charles F. Scholer
JTRP Technical Reports
Existing precast concrete railroad crossings in the state of Indiana are experiencing too short a life expectancy. This study proposes methods that can be used to produce durable concrete railroad crossings with satisfactory rideability, durability, and longevity. Thirty-two precast concrete railroad crossings were visited in central and northern Indiana. Failures were determined to belong to three major categories: structural capacity causes, environmental causes, and material property causes. A concrete mix was evaluated at three different polyolefin fiber contents and without fibers. Beams were tested in flexure, and modulus of rupture and first crack deflection were recorded for each beam. Cylinders …
Design Of Mse Walls For Fully Saturated Conditions, Antonio Bobet
Design Of Mse Walls For Fully Saturated Conditions, Antonio Bobet
JTRP Technical Reports
The current design of MSE walls, which is based on limit state analysis, does not apply to undrained conditions. Laboratory and numerical pullout tests are performed to determine the relation between drained and undrained pullout capacities for different soil types (clean sand, 5, 10, 15 and 35 % silty sand), overburden pressures (30, 100 and 200 kPa), and scale and permeability effects in the dissipation of excess pore pressures. The results of the pullout tests show that both drained and undrained pullout capacities change as silt content changes since the pullout capacity increases as the internal friction angle of the …
Effectiveness Of The Borman Expressway Its Program On Local Air Quality, Timothy M. Labreche, Robert Bertram Jacko, Barry K. Partridge, William H. Schneider, Ahmed S. Soliman
Effectiveness Of The Borman Expressway Its Program On Local Air Quality, Timothy M. Labreche, Robert Bertram Jacko, Barry K. Partridge, William H. Schneider, Ahmed S. Soliman
JTRP Technical Reports
Particulate Matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and meteorological parameters were monitored at 10 second averaging intervals adjacent the Borman Expressway in Northwestern Indiana before and during the implementation of an Intelligent Transportation System. Traffic data was collected from sensors on the expressway. The high-resolution data permitted the expressway contribution to local air quality to be separated from background components of local air quality and significant correlations were made between pollutant flux and traffic flow and pollutant flux and highway occupancy. Traffic incidents (accidents / congestion) were shown to have a rapid impact on local …
Effects Of Heavier Truck Loadings And Super-Single Tires On Subgrades, Rodrigo Salgado, Daehyeon Kim
Effects Of Heavier Truck Loadings And Super-Single Tires On Subgrades, Rodrigo Salgado, Daehyeon Kim
JTRP Technical Reports
Due to their efficiency and economy, super-single tires have gradually been replacing conventional dual tires in the trucking industry. According to recent studies, super-single tires generate much higher vertical contact stresses than do conventional dual tires, resulting in larger deformations and more severe damage to the subgrade. In order to better assess the higher stresses generated by super-single tires and their effect on the subgrade, analyses are done taking into account soil plasticity rather than simple elastic analysis. In this study, the effects of super-single tires on subgrades for typical road cross-sections are investigated using plane-strain (2D) and 3D static …
Fatigue Behavior Of Beam Diaphragm Connections With Intermittent Fillet Welds, Part I, Volume 1, Field Evaluation, Tammy L. Canna, Mark D. Bowman
Fatigue Behavior Of Beam Diaphragm Connections With Intermittent Fillet Welds, Part I, Volume 1, Field Evaluation, Tammy L. Canna, Mark D. Bowman
JTRP Technical Reports
This report is the first of a two-part, three volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the behavior of Indiana highway bridges with diaphragm members welded directly to the web of the primary beams and girders. Fatigue cracks have been observed at several bridges that utilize the welded diaphragm connection. The seriousness of the cracking and the corresponding potential risk on the integrity of the bridge superstructure were assessed. Inspection and repair guidelines for bridges with the welded diaphragm connections were also developed as part of the research effort. This volume presents …
Guidelines For Use And Types Of Retaining Devices, Antonio Bobet
Guidelines For Use And Types Of Retaining Devices, Antonio Bobet
JTRP Technical Reports
A large number of types of retaining devices are currently available but their limitations, recommendations and guidelines are scattered in the technical literature. A synthesis study has been made in which different technologies have been investigated to develop guidelines for the use of the different types of retaining devices. For this purpose, an extensive literature review has been performed and a new classification has been proposed. An electronic database with 207 selected cases from the technical literature and INDOT archives has been created. The database stores the following information: (1) Type of Retaining Device; (2) Geometry (3) Soil conditions; (4) …