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Articles 661 - 690 of 699

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Operations-Oriented Performance Measures For Freeway Management Systems: Year 1 Report, Robert E. Brydia, William H. Schneider, Stephen P. Mattingly, Melanie L. Sattler, Auttawit Upayokin Apr 2007

Operations-Oriented Performance Measures For Freeway Management Systems: Year 1 Report, Robert E. Brydia, William H. Schneider, Stephen P. Mattingly, Melanie L. Sattler, Auttawit Upayokin

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

This report describes the year 1 activities on the project titled “Using Operations-Oriented Performance Measures to Support Freeway Management Systems.” Work activities included a comprehensive statewide survey on the use of performance measurement, as well as the initial recommendation on both operations and emissions-oriented performance measures to use in support of daily operations.

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Stated Preference Modeling And Analysis Of Managed Lanes, Kaveh Farokhi Sadabadi Apr 2007

Stated Preference Modeling And Analysis Of Managed Lanes, Kaveh Farokhi Sadabadi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The thesis deals with the Managed Lanes demand estimation problem in the state of Texas. Managed Lanes are a general type of High Occupancy Toll roads, whose lane management and operational features may be dynamically adjusted. A stated preference survey is designed in both English and Spanish to collect the required data. Each survey taker is presented with up to four scenarios. Scenarios are defined in terms of travel times in Managed Lanes versus General Purpose Lanes, as well as, the toll charged for access to the Managed Lane. Respondents were asked to choose among three modes and two lane …

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A Weighted Residual Parabolic Acceleration Time Integration Method For Problems In Structural Dynamics, Ali Abolmaali, S.H. Razavi, M. Ghassemieh Jan 2007

A Weighted Residual Parabolic Acceleration Time Integration Method For Problems In Structural Dynamics, Ali Abolmaali, S.H. Razavi, M. Ghassemieh

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

In the proposed method, the variation of displacement in each time step is assumed to be a fourth order polynomial in time and its five unknown coefficients are calculated based on: two initial conditions from the previous time step; satisfying the equation of motion at both ends of the time step; and the zero weighted residual within the time step. This method is non-dissipative and its dispersion is considerably less than in other popular methods. The stability of the method shows that the critical time step is more than twice of that for the linear acceleration method and its convergence …

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Experimental Investigation Of Shear Capacity Of Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts, Jarrod Clinton Burns Dec 2006

Experimental Investigation Of Shear Capacity Of Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts, Jarrod Clinton Burns

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This study presents the experimental investigation of the shear capacity of four precast rinforced concrete box culverts. Each culvert was subjected to a monotomically increasing load through a 20-in x 10-in load plate, designed to simulate a standard HS 20-44 wheel footprint. Each box was instrumented with the following: strain gages, load cell, high-resolution laser sensor, data acquisition hardware and software, and laptop computer. The tests were conducted on 1.22 m x 1.22 m x 1.22 m (4 ft x 4 ft x 4 ft) box culverts, with load being applied at the free spigot end. The location of the …

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Analysis Of Hat Sectioned Reinforced Composite Beams Including Thermal Effects, Kashif Ali Nayyer Syed Dec 2006

Analysis Of Hat Sectioned Reinforced Composite Beams Including Thermal Effects, Kashif Ali Nayyer Syed

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

A simple analytical method for analyzing fiber reinforced polymeric composite beams with hat cross-section is presented. The method includes development of closed-form expression of the axial, bending and their coupling stiffness matrices for the composite beams. The stiffness matrices are obtained by transforming the actual geometrical cross-section of the beam into an equivalent plate using transformation matrices and Parallel Axis theorem. Ply stresses due to mechanical as well as thermal load can easily be obtained at any given location of the beam section. In this approach, the effect of induced in-plane deformation due to bending for an unsymmetrical cross-section is …

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Trends Of Vehicular Emissions Due To The Effect Of Ethos® Fr As Fuel Additive, Shruthi Satyanarayan Dec 2006

Trends Of Vehicular Emissions Due To The Effect Of Ethos® Fr As Fuel Additive, Shruthi Satyanarayan

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The main objective of this research was to observe if the addition of the fuel additive Ethos Fuel Reformulator significantly reduced the emissions of CO, CO2, HC and NOX from a light duty vehicle. Data collection was carried out before and after the application of Ethos FR for both Peak and Off-peak traffic conditions, on highway as well as arterial test track. The OBS-1300 analyzed second by second concentrations of the tailpipe emissions. Data analysis was conducted and the following results were observed. 1. There was a significant reduction in NOx Emissions, with the maximum of 45% in the Arterial …

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Experimental And Finite Element Based Investigations Of Shear Behavior In Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts, Anil Kumar Garg Dec 2006

Experimental And Finite Element Based Investigations Of Shear Behavior In Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts, Anil Kumar Garg

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This study evaluates the shear behavior and capacity of the precast concrete box culverts subjected to HS 20 truck wheel load. The most critical culvert behavior was considered by studying culverts subjected to zero depth fill and placed on rigid laboratory floor without bedding material. Three major phases were considered to complete the study, which included: (1) experimental program; (2) finite element modeling; and (3) development of distribution width and the determination of shear capacity. A full-scale experimental testing program was undertaken to perform tests on 24 typical precast concrete box culverts designated as per ASTM C 1433-05 with and …

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Expressions For Bond Stress Of A Tension Splice In Steel Reinforced Concrete, Jkumar Gopalarathnam Oct 2006

Expressions For Bond Stress Of A Tension Splice In Steel Reinforced Concrete, Jkumar Gopalarathnam

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The aim of the research is to develop expressions for the bond stress at a tension splice in reinforced concrete. Many experiments have been conducted inorder to ascertain the relationship between appropriate variables and develop an expression to evaluate the bond stress. The scope of this research is to use existing experimental data to establish a relation and develop an expression. Before the preprocessing begins, the data are organized into different categories such as bottom, top and side bars, and bars with transverse reinforcement. The existing experimental data is evaluated for statistical validation. It is then subjected to individual and …

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Characterization Of Cemented And Fiber-Reinforced Rap Aggregate Materials For Base/ Sub-Base Applications, Carlos A. Ordonez Aug 2006

Characterization Of Cemented And Fiber-Reinforced Rap Aggregate Materials For Base/ Sub-Base Applications, Carlos A. Ordonez

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The engineering product known as RAP is a bonded base and sub-base material produced by the process of blending crushed recycled construction and demolition waste and debris to specified gradation requirements, and by bonding these with a fine silica Portland cement matrix at optimum moisture for compaction density. RAP has a great potential as an economically, environmentally, and structurally sound alternative to non-bonded materials conventionally used for base/sub-base applications in pavement engineering. The present work is aimed at thoroughly testing the engineering properties of RAP product in order to assess its suitability as a structurally sound and environmentally safe material, …

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Impact Of A Pre-Combustion Retrofit Device On Vehicular Emissions: A Case Study, Sri Harsha Kanukolanu Aug 2006

Impact Of A Pre-Combustion Retrofit Device On Vehicular Emissions: A Case Study, Sri Harsha Kanukolanu

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Vehicular emissions are a major cause of air pollution in the cities worldwide. Increased numbers of vehicles and the vehicle miles traveled by them every year means that the emissions are going to have a detrimental effect on the life and environment of this planet. Various control strategies are employed by the transportation and air quality managers at the state and regional levels to improve the ambient air quality. This research was conducted as part of the North Central Texas Council of Governments' Aftermarket Technology and Fuel Additive Research Program, its effort to make the DFW region's air cleaner. The …

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Effectiveness Of Signal Coordination As An Emission Reduction Measure For Vehicles, Rajashi I. Parikh Aug 2006

Effectiveness Of Signal Coordination As An Emission Reduction Measure For Vehicles, Rajashi I. Parikh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Air Pollution is a significant health and environmental concern. Vehicular emissions are major contributors to many air pollution problems. There is growing interest in reducing carbon dioxide emission because of the alarming increase in the pollution caused by petroleum resulting global warming issue. Various studies have found that U.S vehicles emit half of the CO2 emitted from vehicle all over the world. Dallas Fort Worth is a non-attainment area for ozone and it is required to achieve NAAQS standards by 2010. NOx and VOCs from the automobile are a major precursor of ozone formation in the atmosphere. Traffic signal retiming …

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Assessment Of Soil-Water Retention Properties Of Lime And Cement Treated Clays, Harshavardhan Reddy Thudi Aug 2006

Assessment Of Soil-Water Retention Properties Of Lime And Cement Treated Clays, Harshavardhan Reddy Thudi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unsaturated soils has considerable importance in the analysis of geotechnical engineering problems involving soils that remain under partially saturated conditions throughout any given year. The SWCC reflects the behavior of unsaturated soils with regard to its hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, and volume change behavior. Numerous investigations have been undertaken in recent decades to extend the unsaturated soil mechanics principles into conventional engineering practice. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) has become a widely used experimental means for assessing fundamental properties of unsaturated soils for a wide range of suction values. However, a limited number of …

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General Response Of Kneading-Compacted Unsaturated Silty Sand Under Drained And Undrained True Triaxial Testing, Sangchul Pyo Aug 2006

General Response Of Kneading-Compacted Unsaturated Silty Sand Under Drained And Undrained True Triaxial Testing, Sangchul Pyo

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A comprehensive series of 36 drained and 36 undrained true triaxial tests was accomplished to investigate the stress-strain-strength behaviour of kneading-compacted unsaturated silty sand (SP-SM) under multi-axial stress states. Test specimens were prepared at three different initial moist contents (6, 8, 10%) to achieve different compaction-induced suction conditions prior to testing. All samples were then subjected to either a drained or undrained multi-axial stress paths, including conventional triaxial compression (CTC), triaxial compression (TC), triaxial extension (TE), or simple shear (SS) stress path. Initial compaction-induced matric suction was assessed via the SWCC of test soil. The experimental program focuses on soil …

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Photocatalytic Degradation Of Vocs, Toxics And Odors From Air Emissions Of Wastewater Treatment Plants And Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Mita Suresh Upadhyay Aug 2006

Photocatalytic Degradation Of Vocs, Toxics And Odors From Air Emissions Of Wastewater Treatment Plants And Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Mita Suresh Upadhyay

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) require more stringent controls of sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Air quality managers at the state level are responsible for developing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to improve regional air quality. Both wastewater treatment and landfills facilities are sources of VOCs, HAPs and odors. This research examines the effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) in treating emissions from wastewater and landfill facilities. PCO rate constants of compounds such as methane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and carbonyl sulfide are determined over titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst in a continuous mixed-batch reactor. The …

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Evaluation Of Resilient Modulus Of Cement And Cement-Fiber Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Aggregates, Ajay Potturi Aug 2006

Evaluation Of Resilient Modulus Of Cement And Cement-Fiber Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Aggregates, Ajay Potturi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Natural aggregates derived from a variety of source rocks have been used as a road base material. But the extraction of natural aggregates resources is increasingly being constrained by urbanization, increased costs and environmental concerns. Thus, increased amounts of reclaimed materials are being used to supplement natural aggregates in road construction. The 1993 EPA report mentioned that approximately 73 million tons of asphalt pavement material was recycled annually, which amounts to about 80% of the asphalt removed from pavements each year. The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials in road construction reduces both the amount of construction debris disposed …

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Experimental Investigations On Small-Strain Stiffness Properties Of Partially Saturated Soils Via Resonant Column And Bender Element Testing, Phayak Takkabutr Aug 2006

Experimental Investigations On Small-Strain Stiffness Properties Of Partially Saturated Soils Via Resonant Column And Bender Element Testing, Phayak Takkabutr

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

A comprehensive series of resonant column (ASTM D 2325-68), bender element (ASTM C 778), pressure plate (ASTM D 4015-92), and filter paper (ASTM D 5298) tests were conducted on compacted specimens of poorly graded sand (SP) and high plasticity clay (CH) in order to assess the influence of key environmental factors, namely compaction-induced matric suction and Ko stress state, on small-strain stiffness properties of partially saturated soils. Compaction-induced matric suction in all test specimens was estimated via soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) for each type of soil. The research work was accomplished in six broad stages. During Stage I, a modified …

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Mode Choice Models For Long Distance Travel In Usa, Isaradatta Rasmidatta Aug 2006

Mode Choice Models For Long Distance Travel In Usa, Isaradatta Rasmidatta

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The influences of technology and economic development on human activity are increasingly taking place on larger spatial scales. As a consequence, complementary interactions between urban regions are getting stronger, which causes urban regions to change. In order to stimulate the integration between regions and states level, policy makers need increased knowledge of the factors that influence long distance travel. From an environmental perspective, long distance trips can be very important because most of the trips are made in personal vehicles or airplanes that affect emissions and fuel consumption. Mode choice alternatives for long distance travel include: personal vehicle, air, and …

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Investigation Of Bamboo As Reinforcement In Concrete, Youngsi Jung Aug 2006

Investigation Of Bamboo As Reinforcement In Concrete, Youngsi Jung

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This study investigated the feasibility of using bamboo as a reinforcement alternative to steel in concrete structural members. The specifications studied were the bamboo's tensile strength and its pullout characteristics in concrete. Two types of bamboo, Solid and Moso, were used for tensile testing. The tensile test specimens were prepared with different lengths, 6 in (152 mm) and 12 in (304 mm), and different physical characteristics (with and without nodes). Tensile test specimens were tested to failure and their load deformation characteristics are reported. The failures of the test specimens were identified as: (1) node failure; (2) splitting failure; and …

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Nonlinear Finite Element-Based Investigation Of The Effect Of Bedding Thickness On Underground Pipe, Anupong Kararam Jul 2006

Nonlinear Finite Element-Based Investigation Of The Effect Of Bedding Thickness On Underground Pipe, Anupong Kararam

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The pipe-soil interaction is studied by using the finite element software, ABAQUS/CAE Version 6.5-1 as a symmetric model of embankment installation to study the effect of bedding property and thickness on pipe-soil interaction with increase in the height of fill. A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the concrete pipe and surrounding soil is developed. The FEM is capable of simulating material, geometric, and contact nonlinearities which employs a nonlinear incremental solution algorithm. Several different element types and mesh size were tested to obtain the optimum converged mesh. These elements were eight-noded linear brick (C3D8R) and six-noded linear triangular prism …

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Regional Prioritization Of Corridors For Traffic Signal Retiming, Sasanka Bhushan Pulipati May 2006

Regional Prioritization Of Corridors For Traffic Signal Retiming, Sasanka Bhushan Pulipati

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Every three to four years, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) funds signal retiming projects to improve air quality in the Dallas-Fort Worth region. As sufficient funds are not available to retime all signals in the region at the same time, the retiming must be completed in phases. To optimize the impact of the retiming projects, the candidate corridors must be rank ordered or prioritized. NCTCOG applies a ranking model, which uses variables like delay, number of stops and system type, a dummy variable based on centralized control. The weighting for each factor is based on expert input …

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Statistical Analysis Of Compressive Strength Of Clay Brick Masonry Prisms, Saman Afqahi Aryana Apr 2006

Statistical Analysis Of Compressive Strength Of Clay Brick Masonry Prisms, Saman Afqahi Aryana

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The Specification for Masonry Structures section of the current governing masonry design document in the U.S., reported by the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC), contains tables that can be used to determine the compressive strength of masonry, f'm, as a function of the mortar type and the compressive strength of the unit employed to construct the masonry. The majority of the data gathered to create the current values in the MSJC Specification were generated in studies done prior to 1970. There have been significant changes in materials and procedures since this time frame, and there is a need to gather …

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Determination Of Safe Buffer Width Of Roadway To Protect Human Health Form Harmful Nox Exposure, Hetal H. Bhatt Dec 2005

Determination Of Safe Buffer Width Of Roadway To Protect Human Health Form Harmful Nox Exposure, Hetal H. Bhatt

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

According to the 2004 EPA Trends Report, US on-road transportation sources emit 36% of nitrogen oxides (NOx), 63% of carbon monoxide (CO), and 29% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This research determines a safe roadway buffer width to protect human health from air pollutant (NOx) exposure. The method was used to determine a buffer width for NOx along Great Southwest Parkway in Grand Prairie, Texas. NOx health effects include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation; cough; shortness of breath; tiredness and nausea. In the Dallas Fort Worth region, where Grand Prairie is located, on-road vehicles contribute over 50 % of …

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Discharge Headway At Signalized Intersections In Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Luis F. Chapa Dec 2005

Discharge Headway At Signalized Intersections In Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Luis F. Chapa

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Driver behavior has been the subject of study for almost 100 years. As a result, driver characteristics have been determined and used in the design of highway elements, both for interrupted and for free flow facilities. Signalized intersections represent the most typical interrupted flow facility, with driver reaction time and aggressiveness playing a key role in signal timing design and also in the assessing of intersection performance. These driver characteristics were first determined in the United States in the late 1940's, identifying an average headway (in seconds) between consecutive vehicles as they react to light change from red to green …

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Comparison Of Clinoptilolite With Gravel In A Recirculating Course Media Biofilter Treating Simulated Septic Tank Effluent, Adnan Sadikot Dec 2005

Comparison Of Clinoptilolite With Gravel In A Recirculating Course Media Biofilter Treating Simulated Septic Tank Effluent, Adnan Sadikot

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The main objective of the pilot scale study was to compare the performance of recirulating clinoptilolite biofilter with course gravel biofilter used to treat simulated septic tank effluent by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. For better comparison of performance of total inorganic nitrogen removal and COD removal both the biofilter were chosen of identical size and identical operating conditions were maintained in the laboratory setup. Both the biofilters were operated at recycle ratio of 6 and surface hydraulic loading rate of 7.5 gal/ft2/day without recycle and 52.5 gal/ft2/day with recycle through out the duration of the duration of the research. Results …

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Effects Of Water-Cement Ratio On Deep Mixing Treated Expansive Clay Characteristics, Siva Prasad Pathivada Dec 2005

Effects Of Water-Cement Ratio On Deep Mixing Treated Expansive Clay Characteristics, Siva Prasad Pathivada

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The structures built on the unstabilized expansive soils are subjected to distress due to swell shrink behavior due to seasonal fluctuations. Medium stiff expansive clays with moderate and high PI were collected from two sites located at IH 820 N bound in Fort Worth, Texas. Deep soil mixing technique was proposed as a potential solution to counter the shrink swell movements of the expansive soil. These soils were stabilized using lime and cement as a whole and in combinations at different proportions in laboratory conditions simulating field deep soil mixing. Similar studies performed on soft soils revealed several factors mainly …

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Numerical Modeling And Analysis Of Pile Supported Embankments, Krishna Nag Rao Dec 2005

Numerical Modeling And Analysis Of Pile Supported Embankments, Krishna Nag Rao

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Very soft clays are often avoided in construction due to their low shear strength and high compressibility. Special construction methods are adopted when embankments are constructed on very soft clay or peat. Design of structures on soft ground, where the structure impose large loads onto the ground raises several concerns on factors like bearing capacity failure, differential settlements, lateral pressures and structural instability. Shallow and deep stabilization of soft ground are most frequently used special construction techniques adopted in geotechnical engineering. Chemical (lime and cement) stabilization has been extensively used in both shallow and deep stabilization in order to improve …

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Laboratory And Field Investigations To Address Erosion, Volume Change And Desiccation Cracking Of Compost Amended Expansive Subsoils, Napat Intharasombat Dec 2005

Laboratory And Field Investigations To Address Erosion, Volume Change And Desiccation Cracking Of Compost Amended Expansive Subsoils, Napat Intharasombat

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Desiccations cracks are formed during drying process of fine grained cohesive soils in summer and these cracks often appear on unpaved subgrades due to direct exposure to sun. These cracks allow surface runoff infiltration into subsoils and eventually weaken adjacent base and subgrade layers. The loss of support from these underlying layers results in both longitudinal and transverse cracks in paved shoulders and pavements. Composting is a successful method of recycling organic waste material into stabilized materials that could be used for erosion control and landscaping applications. Since compost is rich in fibrous material and exhibits moisture affinity characteristics, it …

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Removal Of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Compost Biofilter: Measurement Of Removal Rates And Elimination Capacity In Conjunction With Hydrogen Sulfide, Divya R. Garrepalli Dec 2005

Removal Of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Compost Biofilter: Measurement Of Removal Rates And Elimination Capacity In Conjunction With Hydrogen Sulfide, Divya R. Garrepalli

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A lab study using biofiltration was conducted using three PVC columns as biofilters, with hardwood chips and compost as the media. Previous research determined the removal efficiency of carbonyl sulfide alone. (Nawal, 2004) Typically, however H2S is present with COS in the air streams from wastewater treatment plant units. In the current study, different combinations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide gases were tested using H2S/COS ratios typical of the concentrations from wastewater treatment plants. Various runs were conducted using compost and hardwood chips individually and also with an 80:20 ratio by volume of wood chips to compost. The specific …

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Comparison Of Adsorption Capacities Of Nanoadsorbents With Conventional Activated Carbon For Volatile Organic Compounds, Namrata Baburao Deshmukh Aug 2005

Comparison Of Adsorption Capacities Of Nanoadsorbents With Conventional Activated Carbon For Volatile Organic Compounds, Namrata Baburao Deshmukh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This research explores the potential for using single wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) for adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) categorized as hazardous air pollutants and which contribute to ground level ozone smog formation. It also compares the adsorption capacity of conventional activated carbon and carbon nanohorns. Carbon nanoadsorbents, with at least one dimension on the nanometer scale, can possess advantages over traditional activated carbon adsorbents in terms of binding energies or interaction potentials for physisorption. Nanotubes and nanohorns both have excellent adsorption properties due to high-energy adsorption sites in their interior (internal pores) and in the region between adjacent nanotubes/nanohorns …

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Field And Experimental Studies To Assess The Performance Of Stabilized Expansive Clay, Gautham S. Pillappa Aug 2005

Field And Experimental Studies To Assess The Performance Of Stabilized Expansive Clay, Gautham S. Pillappa

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A vast majority of the expansive soils are montmorillonite-rich clays, over consolidated clays and shales. The swell and shrinkage movements of expansive soil cause considerable damage to structures such as buildings and pavements. This damage can be attributed to moisture fluctuations caused by seasonal variations. Volumetric changes typically appear in the form of cracks which will lead to the softening and vertical heaving in subsoils. Both softening and vertical expansion induce damage to overlying structures. Certain soils rich with sulfates exhibit swell and heaving even after treatment with stabilizers. The present research project was conducted at the University of Texas …

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