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Articles 571 - 600 of 699

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

An Overview Of Mitigation Strategies For Settlements Under Bridge Approach Slabs, Raja Veerendra Yenigalla Jan 2011

An Overview Of Mitigation Strategies For Settlements Under Bridge Approach Slabs, Raja Veerendra Yenigalla

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Settlement and heave related movements of bridge approach slabs relative to bridge decks create a bump in the roadway causing inconvenience to the travelling public and at times so large as to make travelling unsafe. Hence, it is important to adopt suitable remedial methods to mitigate the approach settlements so as to ensure safe traveling conditions and also to decrease the repair/maintenance costs. This thesis presents an overview of a few case studies on different mitigation techniques applied on bridge approach settlement problems at various locations in the state of Texas. The methods employed to mitigate the settlement including Polyurethane …

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Use Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete In Structural Members With Highly Complex Stress Fields, Tarun Pareek Jan 2011

Use Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete In Structural Members With Highly Complex Stress Fields, Tarun Pareek

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Reinforced concrete (RC) members with significant geometric discontinuities and complex stress distributions under loading require considerable analyses and usually complicated reinforcement detailing. RC members with large openings are one of the examples. These large openings may interrupt the load transfer by direct concrete struts and cause substantial decrease in strength and unpredictable failure modes. The reinforcement detailing of these concrete members based on strut-and-tie models (STMs) is generally complicated and very often, these models cannot predict the failure mechanism due to localized damages. The actual stress fields in such members are typically very different from that predicated by STMs, as …

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The Effects Of A Variable Modulus Of Elasticity On Prestress Losses In Bridge Girders, Brahama Prakashni Singh Jan 2011

The Effects Of A Variable Modulus Of Elasticity On Prestress Losses In Bridge Girders, Brahama Prakashni Singh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The purpose of this research is to evaluate a method proposed by Franz Dischinger (Dischinger, 1939) to consider the effects of a variable modulus of elasticity (MOE) of concrete over a period of time. Current guidelines suggested by the American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) assume a constant value for the MOE and base its calculation on the unit weight of concrete and the twenty eight day compressive strength of concrete. A few methods such as the ACI 209 Model Code (ACI 209, 1982) and CEB-FIP 1990 (CEB-FIP 1990, 1990) provide guidelines for the calculation of a …

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Flexural Behavior Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams And Double Punch Test For Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Netra Bahadur Karki Jan 2011

Flexural Behavior Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams And Double Punch Test For Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Netra Bahadur Karki

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Steel fibers have widely been used in the past to reinforce brittle materials in many nonstructural applications such as pavement, tunneling lining, etc. On the basis of numerous previous studies, ACI 318-11 [2011] has recently accepted steel fiber as a minimum shear reinforcement replacement with minimum 0.75% volume fraction for both reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete members. However, not much previous research has talked about the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). As per ACI 318-11 for tension-controlled sections, the net tensile strains in the outermost layer of steel, εt, should be greater than or equal to 0.005 and …

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Evaluation Of Training Needs For Building Information Modeling (Bim), German Pena Jan 2011

Evaluation Of Training Needs For Building Information Modeling (Bim), German Pena

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The basic premise of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is to use and share the digital model of a project as a source of information for all participants, in order to simulate and analyze potential problems during the project's life-cycle, from conception to operation. BIM is a relatively new technology praised by all participants in the Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) industry for its innovative tools, and the promise of a high return of investment and productivity increase. The construction industry experimented little growth in productivity in the last decades, and is heavily relying on technology rather than intense labor in order to boost …

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Effect Of Pavement Type On Fuel Consumption In City Driving, Palinee Sumitsawan Jan 2011

Effect Of Pavement Type On Fuel Consumption In City Driving, Palinee Sumitsawan

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Vehicular fuel consumption and emissions are two increasingly important measures of effectiveness of sustainable transportation systems, particularly considering that mobile sources in the U.S. account for the largest consumption of energy and generation of air pollution. Improving the energy efficiency of the transportation sector including improving vehicle shape, weight, engine size, and tire quality could play a vital role in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. Pavement surface type and other surface characteristics such as skid resistance and roughness affect vehicular fuel consumption. The main objective of this study has been to investigate any differences that might exist in …

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Development Of A Model Of Productivity For Horizontal Directional Drilling (Hdd), Mohmd Sarireh Jan 2011

Development Of A Model Of Productivity For Horizontal Directional Drilling (Hdd), Mohmd Sarireh

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a growing method for installation of pipes in urban areas and where ever trenching is impossible or undesirable; such as in crossing rivers, lakes, and railways, and special areas such as airports. This technique utilizes downhole cutting heads to create a pilot borehole before it is enlarged with back reamers to allow pulling back of a product pipe. The utilization of HDD for the installation of underground infrastructure (i.e., water, oil and gas pipes, telecommunication, power conduits, in some cases gravity pipes, and so on), has shown a rapid growth compared to other trenchless technologies. …

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Impact Of Transit-Oriented Infrastructure Investments On Property Valuations, Francis Amodu Smith Jan 2011

Impact Of Transit-Oriented Infrastructure Investments On Property Valuations, Francis Amodu Smith

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The population explosion of the second half of the last century brought about increased human activity. Much of the attendant increased access to activities has been facilitated by the incredible technological advances in the automobile, which depends almost entirely on fossil fuels. Supplies of fossil fuel are limited and the automobile has led to urban sprawl, traffic congestion, and reduced quality to life in cities (1). This type of development is unsustainable. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is one of the neo-urbanism response instruments. The question is: "How well do these urban forms perform in North-Central Texas? In response, this study has …

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Nano-Modified Cement Composites And Its Applicability As Concrete Repair Material, Tanvir Manzur Jan 2011

Nano-Modified Cement Composites And Its Applicability As Concrete Repair Material, Tanvir Manzur

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Nanotechnology or Nano-science, considered the forth industrial revolution, has received considerable attention in the past decade. The physical properties of a nano-scaled material are entirely different than that of bulk materials. With the emerging nanotechnology, one can build material block atom by atom. Therefore, through nanotechnology it is possible to enhance and control the physical properties of materials to a great extent. Composites such as concrete materials have very high strength and Young's modulus but relatively low toughness and ductility due to their covalent bonding between atoms and lacking of slip systems in the crystal structures. However, the strength and …

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Evaluation Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) For Water Transmission Pipelines, Rakesh Gopala Raju Doraiswamy Jan 2011

Evaluation Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) For Water Transmission Pipelines, Rakesh Gopala Raju Doraiswamy

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

In the construction industry, water transmission pipelines projects typically require two-dimensional drawings for transferring design data to the field. These drawings are referred as construction documents and serve as the source documents for subsequent facility management. However, two-dimensional drawings become difficult to interpret when there are too many entities involved needing information. In addition, when there are too many drawings for separate components such as plans, sections, and details, the chances of errors and omissions are more likely to happen. On the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new trend in construction industry and is being increasingly used …

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A Non-Invasive Assessment Of Moisture Content Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Landfill Using Resistivity Imaging, Huda Shihada Jan 2011

A Non-Invasive Assessment Of Moisture Content Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Landfill Using Resistivity Imaging, Huda Shihada

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

A bioreactor landfill is operated to enhance waste decomposition, gas production, and refuse stabilization. The fundamental aspect in the operation of a bioreactor landfill is the controlled addition of water and/or the recirculation of leachate into the landfill's waste mass. Since there is an increasing trend to operate landfills as bioreactor landfills, it is crucial to understand the moisture distribution within the landfill. Monitoring the moisture distribution within a bioreactor landfill is essential not only for the design and operation of leachate recirculation systems, but also to identify sites with non-uniform leachate distribution due to ponding and channeling.In the recent …

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Design Of Short Drilled Shaft Foundations In High-Plasticity Clay Under Inclined Loading, Thornchaya Wejrungsikul Jan 2011

Design Of Short Drilled Shaft Foundations In High-Plasticity Clay Under Inclined Loading, Thornchaya Wejrungsikul

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Drilled shaft foundations are primarily used to support structures such as bridge piers, towers, buildings, transmission towers, and roadway cable barriers. Generally, the main characteristics of drilled shafts are to transfer the loads to the stronger layers in the vertical direction and also their ability to withstand lateral movements from lateral loads. Though the design of shafts are well established with respect to combinations of loads and moments, their behavior under pullout type inclined loading is not well established. The inclined load applied is the combination of lateral and uplift loads at the same time and structures such as ends …

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Sustainable Reutilization Of Excavated Trench Material, Rajini Kanth Reddy Karduri Jan 2011

Sustainable Reutilization Of Excavated Trench Material, Rajini Kanth Reddy Karduri

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Sustainability is becoming a key factor in most construction projects. In most construction projects, personnel are spending efforts to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of the various facets of construction projects. Geotechnical engineering can contribute to the sustainability of the project via selecting sustainable materials and construction processes that would to lead several tangible benefits. For example a pipeline generally runs through a long and varying terrain which results in innumerable environmental impacts during a pipeline installation. Therefore, it is necessary for the design engineer and also the owner to estimate these impacts of pipe installation and evaluate …

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On The Effects Of The Circular Bolt Pattern On The Behavior Of The Extended End-Plate Connection, Roozbeh Kiamanesh Jan 2011

On The Effects Of The Circular Bolt Pattern On The Behavior Of The Extended End-Plate Connection, Roozbeh Kiamanesh

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This study is pioneer in introducing the circular bolt pattern configuration in extended end-plate steel connections. Discovering the static and cyclic behavior of such connections is at the forefront of this research study. To accomplish this goal, full-scale experimental testing complemented with three dimensional non-linear finite element analysis were conducted. Due to the similarity between the behavior of T-Stubs under tension, and tension flange of the extended end-plate connection, experimental study was conducted on several T-Stub connections to study the effect of the bolt pattern configuration on the ductility, bolt force distribution, flange deformation, and overall performance of the connection. …

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The Effects Of Behavioral, Geometric And Heavy Vehicle Traffic Flow Characteristics On Capacity And Emissions At Roundabouts, Cho Honest Sone Jan 2010

The Effects Of Behavioral, Geometric And Heavy Vehicle Traffic Flow Characteristics On Capacity And Emissions At Roundabouts, Cho Honest Sone

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Modern roundabouts, first constructed in England in the early 1960s, are becoming increasingly popular replacements for signalized and stop controlled intersections in the United States. Roundabouts were introduced to replace traditional traffic circles and rotaries. With the characteristics of entering traffic that yield to circulating traffic and geometric constraints that slow entering vehicles, roundabouts have proven to be more efficient than traffic circles and in some cases than signalized and stop-controlled intersections. Roundabouts often require drivers to decelerate from, and reaccelerate to, highway speeds, and can involve one or multiple stops. One concern about congested roundabouts is that vehicle emissions …

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Testing & Design Life Modeling Of Polyurea Liners For Potable Water Pipes, Mustafa Z. Kanchwala Jan 2010

Testing & Design Life Modeling Of Polyurea Liners For Potable Water Pipes, Mustafa Z. Kanchwala

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Currently, there are various renewal methods available for different applications, among which coatings and linings are most commonly used for the renewal of water pipes. Polyurea is a lining material applied to the interior surface of the deteriorated host pipe using spray technique. It is applied to enhance the structural ability of the pipeline. This thesis presents the preliminary results of an ongoing laboratory testing program designed to investigate the renewal of potable water pipes using polyurea spray lining. This research focuses on predicting the long-term behavior of polyurea composite. The goal of this test was to establish a relationship …

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Experimental Studies On Shrinkage Induced Pressure Measurements Of Four Expansive Soils, Varagorn Puljan Jan 2010

Experimental Studies On Shrinkage Induced Pressure Measurements Of Four Expansive Soils, Varagorn Puljan

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Civil structures were damaged by expansive soils due to its large volumetric changes caused by moisture fluctuations. During wet and dry season, the ground heaves up and also shrinks noticeably. The significant amount of curling pressure which is induced by soil shrinkage could cause severe damages to the infrastructure. Especially in the eastern and central Texas, pavements encounter severe cracking and premature loss of serviceability. The maintenance costs, in some cases, are greater than the initial construction costs. Residential dwell structures built on problematic expansive soils often become distressed due to volume changes associated with seasonal moisture content variations. This …

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Comprehensive Studies On Deep Soil Mixing And Lightweight Aggregates Applications To Mitigate Approach Slab Settlements, Ekarut Archeewa Jan 2010

Comprehensive Studies On Deep Soil Mixing And Lightweight Aggregates Applications To Mitigate Approach Slab Settlements, Ekarut Archeewa

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Bridge approach settlement is a common problem to the Transportation Departments nationwide. This uneven transition causes inconvenience to passengers and increases the cost of maintenance and repair of the distressed approach slabs. The Texas Department of Transportation spends millions of dollars annually to mitigate this problem across the state. The potential causes for this problem are numerous and purely site specific. Hence this problem may not have a unique solution. In this research, two methods were selected to mitigate the approach slab settlements. The first one is an improvement of ground foundation technique by using Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns …

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Development Of An Accident Model For Construction Industry, Hoda Alavi Jan 2010

Development Of An Accident Model For Construction Industry, Hoda Alavi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Safety has always been a persistent problem in the construction industry. Construction accidents are a major concern for the construction industry and the researchers. In spite of the role of many construction accident causation models in understanding the accident process, none adequately explain the underlying reasons for construction accidents because of their dynamic nature.To overcome this restriction a new advancement in understanding construction accidents has been proposed by Howell et al (2002) based on the work of Rasmussen (1997). The model recognizes that organizational and individual forces push workers in to hazardous conditions. These forces overcome efforts to impose safe …

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Characteristics Of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste, Tashfeena Taufiq Jan 2010

Characteristics Of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste, Tashfeena Taufiq

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The characteristics of fresh municipal solid waste (MSW) are critical in planning, designing, operating or upgrading solid waste management systems. Physical composition, moisture content, compacted unit weight, permeability are the most important MSW characteristics to be considered in planning a system. When the landfill is operated as enhanced leachate recirculation (ELR) landfill, the physical and hydraulic characteristics are of particular interest in determining the amount of moisture to be recirculated and to design the leachate recirculation and gas collection systems. The current study presents the physical and hydraulic characteristics of MSW collected from the working face of Denton Landfill. The …

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Development Of A Suction-Controlled Resonant Column Apparatus With Self-Contained Bender Elements, Eduardo Alfonso Suescun-Florez Jan 2010

Development Of A Suction-Controlled Resonant Column Apparatus With Self-Contained Bender Elements, Eduardo Alfonso Suescun-Florez

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Small-strain soil stiffness properties such as shear modulus, shear wave velocity, and material damping, are key subsoil parameters for an adequate analysis and design of unsaturated earth structures subject to static and non-static loading. Most conventional geotechnical testing techniques, however, are not able to capture this small-strain behavior and, hence, enormously underestimate the true soil stiffness, primarily due to inaccuracies in small-strain measurements. Around the world, a great deal of research efforts has been dedicated to field and laboratory based measurements of soil suction, assessments of soil-water retention properties, and analyses of swell-collapse behavior. However, very few efforts have been …

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Development Of A Preliminary Cost Estimation Method For Water Treatment Plants, Jwala Raj Sharma Jan 2010

Development Of A Preliminary Cost Estimation Method For Water Treatment Plants, Jwala Raj Sharma

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Reliable cost estimates for construction, and operation and maintenance (O&M) of water treatment plants are essential for their project planning and design. During the planning phases of the project, preliminary cost estimates are developed for major project components, and for screening of alternatives.Construction and O&M cost curves are widely used for developing preliminary cost estimates. This method is time consuming and there is possibility of human errors. Therefore, for this thesis, construction, and O&M cost equations were developed considering historical cost data for different unit operations and processes involved in a water treatment plant. These equations were developed from historical …

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Modeling Studies To Assess Long Term Settlement Of Light Weight Aggregate Embankment, Seema Kalla Jan 2010

Modeling Studies To Assess Long Term Settlement Of Light Weight Aggregate Embankment, Seema Kalla

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Expanded clay and shale (ECS) is a low weight material derived from clay and shale, and has been used in large quantities throughout the world. Very few studies have been performed to investigate the behavior of ECS and how it can reduce the settlements of embankments when used as a fill material. This thesis presents research findings of numerical modeling to assess the long term settlements of ECS embankment on a soft clay deposit and supports both pavement and traffic loading. Observed settlements near the pavement of a light weight ECS embankment built on soft clay indicated that this material …

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Field Investigations On Performance Of Short Drilled Shafts Under Inclined Loading, Richard S. Williammee Jr Jan 2010

Field Investigations On Performance Of Short Drilled Shafts Under Inclined Loading, Richard S. Williammee Jr

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

In the Kaufman County area within the Texas Department of Transportation's Dallas District, several short drilled shaft foundations supporting three-cable median barrier systems wereobserved to be distressed during severe winter storm conditions in late 2006 through early 2007. A research study was initiated at UT Arlington to determine and understand the mechanisms causing these shaft failures. The ends of the three-cable median barrier systems are fastened to a single drilled shaft foundation. In general, these shafts are short in depth and of the same dimensions, diameter, and depth. They are typically used in all soil conditions. This paper presents the …

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Effect Of Frame Shape And Geometry On The Global Behavior Of Rigid And Hybrid Frame Under Earthquake Excitations, S.M. Ashfaqul Hoq Jan 2010

Effect Of Frame Shape And Geometry On The Global Behavior Of Rigid And Hybrid Frame Under Earthquake Excitations, S.M. Ashfaqul Hoq

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The primary focus of this study is to present a shape which will improve building performance in earthquake excitations. The investigation started with 3-, 9-, 12- and 20-story rectangular frame. The seismic performance is observed for different earthquake data with different frequency content. Then, the Rhombus shape is introduced to compare with the Rectangular shape frames, keeping the height-to-width ratio and loading same. For the first part of the investigation, deflection and member forces are compared between rhombus and rectangular shape considering all connections rigid. In the second part of the study partially restrained connections are introduced in mid levels …

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Investigation Of The Lower Bound Compressive And Flexural Strengths Of Conventional Concrete And Clay Masonry, Benchmark Henry Harris Jan 2010

Investigation Of The Lower Bound Compressive And Flexural Strengths Of Conventional Concrete And Clay Masonry, Benchmark Henry Harris

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Conventional masonry is a handcrafted product in which units are placed by hand in a mortar bedding that is prepared during construction. TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (also referred to by the industry as the Masonry Standards Joint Committee or MSJC) and referenced standards consequently permit a range of various field conditions so as to allow practical construction (1). The primary objective of the testing program was to measure a statistically significant number of test results to investigate the lower bound compressive and flexural strengths of conventional concrete and clay masonry under simulated field conditions.96 compression tests …

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Effect Of Leachate Recirculation On Methane Generation Of A Bioreactor Landfill, Shahed R. Manzur Jan 2010

Effect Of Leachate Recirculation On Methane Generation Of A Bioreactor Landfill, Shahed R. Manzur

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is of current concern due to the green-house effect and rising temperature all around the globe. Landfill gas is generated from aerobic & anaerobic biodegradation of organic materials in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. Along with leachate, generation of Methane happens to be a by-product of the entire biodegradation process in MSW landfills. Conventional landfilling or dry cell concept minimizes the amount of moisture infiltration into the waste. In contrast, Enhanced Leachate Recirculation (ELR) or bioreactor operation facilitates leachate recirculation and distribution through the landfill that leads both reduction of time for waste stabilization and …

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Pseudo-Probabilistic User Equilibrium Assignment In Travel Corridor Networks Containing Managed Facilities, Alireza Khaleghi-Soroush Jan 2010

Pseudo-Probabilistic User Equilibrium Assignment In Travel Corridor Networks Containing Managed Facilities, Alireza Khaleghi-Soroush

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Throughout the years, transportation organizations and agencies have been unable to keep up with increasing demand for roadway facilities. Similarly, traditional public-sector funding such as motor fuel taxes is falling short in meeting the growing demand for new transportation infrastructure. With deficit financing and congestion problems common to many highways throughout the United States, DOTs are turning to tolling the roadway facilities as a means of financing transportation improvements for inter-urban and urban facilities.In turn, in order for managed facilities such as toll roads or managed lanes to be attractive and viable for the potential investors, the facilities must be …

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Evaluation Of Trenchless Renewal Methods For Potable Water Distribution Pipes, Abhay A. Jain Jan 2010

Evaluation Of Trenchless Renewal Methods For Potable Water Distribution Pipes, Abhay A. Jain

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Undoubtedly, potable water pipes, as part of an underground infrastructure system, play a key role in maintaining quality of life, health and well being of human kind. As these potable water pipes reach the end of their useful life, they create high maintenance costs, loss of flow capacity, decreased water quality, and increased dissatisfaction. Trenchless renewal methods (TRMs) are a medium to renew deteriorated potable water pipes, thus decreasing leakage loss, emergency maintenance costs and customer complaints. TRMs also maintain the quality of the water leaving the treatment plant. America's drinking water systems faces an annual shortfall of at least …

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An Investigation Of Productivity Loss Due To Outdoor Noise Conditions, Shripad Dilip Maldikar Jan 2010

An Investigation Of Productivity Loss Due To Outdoor Noise Conditions, Shripad Dilip Maldikar

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Most people in day to day life at one time or other get irritated or distracted by surrounding noises. The irritation might have resulted in minor aggravation or may have been dramatic enough to hinder their work. This leads us to think whether there are any losses in the efficiency of construction workers due to surrounding varying noise conditions, or if they naturally adjust to their acoustic environment. In an effort to answer this question, this study on productivity loss due to varying sound conditions was conducted. It was found that, the efficiency of laborers was inversely proportional to the …

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