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Articles 361 - 390 of 699

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Life Cycle Assessment Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Traditional Air Pollutants, Water Depletion, And Cumulative Energy Demand From 2-Mw Wind Turbines In Texas, Ali Alsaleh Dec 2016

Life Cycle Assessment Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Traditional Air Pollutants, Water Depletion, And Cumulative Energy Demand From 2-Mw Wind Turbines In Texas, Ali Alsaleh

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

¶One renewable energy source that has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years is wind energy, with the installation of new wind farms around the globe as well as the innovations in wind power technology, which have increased the efficiency of this source. Wind power generates electrical energy from the wind’s kinetic energy without causing emissions or pollution from power production; however, environmental effects are caused by the wind turbine manufacturing, transport, and other phases. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to analyze the environmental effects associated with wind energy technology by taking into consideration the entire …

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Heat Transfer In Unsaturated Soil With Application To Borehole Thermal Energy Storage, Ali Moradi, Kathleen M. Smits, Ning Lu, John S. Mccartney Sep 2016

Heat Transfer In Unsaturated Soil With Application To Borehole Thermal Energy Storage, Ali Moradi, Kathleen M. Smits, Ning Lu, John S. Mccartney

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

In this study, we numerically and experimentally evaluated heat transfer in soils under unsaturated conditions in the context of simulating a laboratory-scale, three-dimensional soil-borehole thermal energy storage (SBTES) system. Most previous studies assumed that soil thermal and hydraulic properties are constant and that heat transfer in soil occurs only in the form of conduction, neglecting convective and latent heat transfer. In addition, there is a lack of data from controlled experiments to validate multiphase numerical models that can be used to better study SBTES systems installed in the vadose zone. The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance …

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Evaluation And Development Of A Structurally Enhanced Pvc Water Pipe, Ameya Brahmanand Paradkar Aug 2016

Evaluation And Development Of A Structurally Enhanced Pvc Water Pipe, Ameya Brahmanand Paradkar

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Many U.S. utilities rely upon iron pipe to deliver water through their distribution network. It has only been in the past 50 years that other products have penetrated into the water utilities' pipeline. The industry has turned to various cementitious and plastic materials largely to overcome aggressive soil and water that can be corrosive to metallic pipes. This dissertation will discuss a new pipe material called iPVC pipe manufactured by Pyunghwa Pipe Industry Inc. (PPI), South Korea. The iPVC pipe was evaluated by a series of selective testing on the pipe, including impact, stiffness, tensile, short-term hydrostatic burst pressure, fatigue …

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Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Buried Large-Diameter Steel Pipes With Controlled Low-Strength Material, Margarita Takou Aug 2016

Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Buried Large-Diameter Steel Pipes With Controlled Low-Strength Material, Margarita Takou

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The main goal of this research was to gain an in-depth understanding of the behavior of buried large-diameter pipes with controlled low-strength material (CLSM). Design equations were developed based on extensive parametric studies that aimed for an optimized design for designers in industry. Both experimental and numerical methods were espoused in the investigating procedure. The pipe-soil structure characteristics of the experimental analysis were: (a) steel pipe diameter of 108 in., (b) steel pipe thickness of 0.47 in., (c) mortar liner applied at the inner surface of the pipe with thickness of 0.5 +1/6 in., (d) CLSM applied around the pipe …

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Calibration Of Mepdg Performance Models For Flexible Pavement Distresses To Local Conditions Of Ontario, Nelson Fernando Cunha Coelho Aug 2016

Calibration Of Mepdg Performance Models For Flexible Pavement Distresses To Local Conditions Of Ontario, Nelson Fernando Cunha Coelho

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The implementation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Mechanistical-Empirical Pavement Design requires the development of a design procedure that can be used by the agencies and engineering consultants to design new and reconstructed rigid and flexible pavements. To calibrate the design procedure for a region, a large dataset representing the particular local conditions is needed. It includes traffic, climate, site material characteristics, performance requirements and historical data. The performance models were calibrated in North America using the Long Term Pavement Database Program (LTPP), therefore, the models must be calibrated to local conditions in order to …

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Integrated Evaluation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Traditional Air Pollutants, And Economics Of Three Types Of Landfills, Reza Broun Aug 2016

Integrated Evaluation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Traditional Air Pollutants, And Economics Of Three Types Of Landfills, Reza Broun

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Despite the decreasing rate of landfilled waste due to increases in reuse and recycling, landfilling remains an enormous part of the waste industry of the United States due to population and economic growth. In addition, certain wastes are not easily recycled due to their mixed composition (i.e. a cardboard carton with a plastic lining) or their contamination (i.e. diapers). The primary goal of this research is to develop a comprehensive framework that can help landfill designers chose the best type of landfill (conventional, bioreactor, or aerobic) for a given situation based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, traditional air pollutants and …

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A Decision Support System For Traffic Diversion Around Construction Closures, Arezoo Memarian Aug 2016

A Decision Support System For Traffic Diversion Around Construction Closures, Arezoo Memarian

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

As highway infrastructure ages and road congestion increases, roads need to be expanded and reconstructed. It results in creating many construction sites and work zones on highways, which leads to an unavoidable interruption in normal traffic flows and have resulted in traffic congestion, more vehicle emissions, and traffic safety problems. During roadway construction, when lanes or entire highway sections must be temporarily closed, traffic managers would like to inform motorists of alternative routes around the construction site well in advance of the project location. This would help reduce traffic demand through the construction site, enhance the safety of the workers …

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Group Assignment And Annual Average Daily Traffic Estimation Of Short-Term Traffic Counts Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling And Neural Network Models, Sunil Kumar Madanu Aug 2016

Group Assignment And Annual Average Daily Traffic Estimation Of Short-Term Traffic Counts Using Gaussian Mixture Modeling And Neural Network Models, Sunil Kumar Madanu

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The grouping of similar traffic patterns and cluster assignment process represent the most critical steps in AADT estimation from short-term traffic counts. Incorrect grouping and assignment often become a significant source of AADT estimation errors. For instance, grouping a commuter traffic trend pattern into a recreational traffic trend may produce an erroneous AADT value. The traditional knowledge-based methods, often aided with visual interpretation, introduce subjective bias while grouping traffic patterns. In addition, the grouping requires personnel resources to process large amounts of data and remains inefficient with unapparent traffic patterns. The functional class grouping, a traditional method, also produces larger …

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Evaluation Of Food Waste Diversion Potential And Economics Of Using Food Waste Dehydrators, Arindam Dhar Aug 2016

Evaluation Of Food Waste Diversion Potential And Economics Of Using Food Waste Dehydrators, Arindam Dhar

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

According to US EPA (2013), food waste is the second largest component (14.6%) of MSW composition in the US, preceded only by paper. Apart from the negative environmental impacts of food waste through methane and leachate generation, it also incurs huge cost to landfill them. Hence, food waste diversion from landfills is becoming a major issue in landfills across many US states. Though biological treatment of food waste is a potential alternative for food waste diversion, the existing scale of this type of treatment is very narrow. On-site treatment of food waste is a suitable alternative as it can be …

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Impact Of Wet-Dry Cycle On Mechanical Properties Of Expansive Clay Under Low Overburden Stress, Md Ashrafuzzaman Khan Aug 2016

Impact Of Wet-Dry Cycle On Mechanical Properties Of Expansive Clay Under Low Overburden Stress, Md Ashrafuzzaman Khan

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The seasonal variation in the water content termed as drying-wetting cycle is one of the most important environmental factor that may cause the degradation of strength for expansive clay. Highway embankment within the north Texas region are mostly constructed on expansive clay and shallow slope failures pose a significant maintenance problem for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Understanding the strength loss mechanism of the expansive clay will provide some useful guidelines to design embankment with adequate factor of safety for long term drained condition. Impact of wet-dry cycle on the high plastic clay strength was measured by several researchers …

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Finite Element Analysis For Astm C-76 Reinforced Concrete Pipes With Reduced Steel Cage, Amin Darabnoush Tehrani Aug 2016

Finite Element Analysis For Astm C-76 Reinforced Concrete Pipes With Reduced Steel Cage, Amin Darabnoush Tehrani

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Reinforced concrete pipes (RCP) are composite pipes which have been widely used in the industry for more than ten decades. They are generally used for sewerage, water drainage, and industrial waste water. There are two methods for designing the RCP so that it will bear the soil weight and the live load on it: Indirect design (ID) and direct design (DD) methods. ASTM C76 (1) classifies pipes into five categories. The five categories of pipes have been classified in order of ascending pipe diameter with their required load and reinforcement’s area. Typically, there are two reinforcement types: circumferential and longitudinal. …

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Infiltration Study Using Tdr Techniques, Saurav Sinha Aug 2016

Infiltration Study Using Tdr Techniques, Saurav Sinha

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The study of water flow or infiltration in an unsaturated soil is a highly non-linear and complex problem, simultaneous verification of field and laboratory results is a convenient and practical approach to test the results. In this study, Time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors are installed at three different locations close to a water body (Creek) in Arlington, Texas which is a part of the National Science Foundation Project titled “Cyper SEES: Type 2: Integrative Sensing and Prediction of Urban Water for Sustainable Cities (iSPUW)”. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and Time Domain Transmissometry (TDT) sensors were deployed at five different depths …

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A Decision Support System Tool For Dynamic Pricing Of Managed Lanes, Maryam Zabihi Aug 2016

A Decision Support System Tool For Dynamic Pricing Of Managed Lanes, Maryam Zabihi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Congestion pricing and managed lanes (ML) have been recently gaining interest around the country as a congestion management tool and as a means of revenue generation for facility maintenance and expansion as well repayment of highway construction debts. Congestion pricing in MLs entails one of several strategies, including time of day pricing, dynamic pricing based on predicted/anticipated traffic conditions, and real-time dynamic pricing based on actual traffic conditions. The overall goal of this study has been to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) tool based on drivers’ revealed willingness to pay (WTP) values. This should determine more effective dynamic toll …

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Evaluation Of Structural Capacity Of Epoxy-Coated Concrete Pipes And Its Interaction With Soil, Elmira Riahi Aug 2016

Evaluation Of Structural Capacity Of Epoxy-Coated Concrete Pipes And Its Interaction With Soil, Elmira Riahi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Rehabilitation of concrete structures by using synthetic resins such as epoxy is increasing worldwide. Understanding the structural behavior of the resultant composite structure and the interaction between the coating and concrete can be beneficial in predicting performance of the rehabilitated structure. However, very little is known about the strength of the epoxy-coated concrete. This researcher conducted laboratory experiments designed to evaluate epoxy coated concrete specimens under different load configurations with an emphasis on its stress-strain characteristics. The tests include uniaxial compression cylindrical specimens, three-point and four-point bending and tests on beam specimens and three-edge bearing tests on concrete pipe specimens. …

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Thermal Conductivity Of Binary Sand Mixtures Evaluated Through Full Water Content Range, Benjamin M. Wallen, Kathleen M. Smits, Toshihiro Sakaki, Stacy E. Howington, T.K.K. Chamindu Deepagoda Jun 2016

Thermal Conductivity Of Binary Sand Mixtures Evaluated Through Full Water Content Range, Benjamin M. Wallen, Kathleen M. Smits, Toshihiro Sakaki, Stacy E. Howington, T.K.K. Chamindu Deepagoda

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

A soil’s grain-size distribution affects its physical and hydraulic properties; however, little is known about its effect on soil thermal properties. To better understand how grain-size distribution affects soil thermal properties, specifically the effective thermal conductivity, a set of laboratory experiments was performed using binary mixtures of two uniform sands tightly packed with seven different mixing fractions over the full range of saturation. For each binary mixture, the effective thermal conductivity, l, capillary pressure, hc, and volumetric water content, q, were measured. Results demonstrated that the l–q relationship exhibited distinct characteristics based on the percentage of fine- and coarse-grained sands. …

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Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh May 2016

Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This research aimed to investigate the effect of utilizing “Fiber Reinforced Polymer” (FRP) on the light weight concrete beams. The main hypothesis is that such utilization of the FRP will lead to strengthened lightweight beams. The research that has been done on this relationship is somewhat broad in the scope and have mostly focused on the normal-weight concrete. However, only few studies that have considered the light weight concrete. Eight Beams were tested in this research under four point bending test. Two beams were taken as a control beams without any external bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer. Another two …

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Comparison Of Methane Production From Household Waste, Sunita Baniya May 2016

Comparison Of Methane Production From Household Waste, Sunita Baniya

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process in which various microorganisms transform complex organic compounds to methane, along with carbon dioxide, water vapor and a small amount of other trace gases in absence of oxygen. Methane from anaerobic digestion processes is being increasingly utilized as an alternative energy source in developing as well as developed countries. These days the energy crisis is very acute in rural communities of developing countries, where fuelwood has been and still is the major source of daily used fuel. Through anaerobic digestion, clean-burning fuel for cooking can be produced from degradation of household organic wastes, solving …

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Impact Of Weather Factors On Go-Around Occurrence, Bharath Donavalli May 2016

Impact Of Weather Factors On Go-Around Occurrence, Bharath Donavalli

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A “go-around” occurs when an aircraft, which is on final approach, aborts it landing due to unsatisfactory conditions. Go-arounds have a significant impact on the capacity of the airports and pose a serious concern at large airports, especially for airports with diagonal runways. Go-arounds occur due to manual errors, mechanical faults and weather factors. This study focuses on the impact of weather factors on go-around occurrence. The study includes wind gust, storm events (thunderstorm, rain and snow) and visibility as the weather factors under investigation. The author uses a factorial sampling strategy where these factors are segmented into additional categories …

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Sustainable Reuse Of Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane, Sharon Priyadarshini May 2016

Sustainable Reuse Of Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane, Sharon Priyadarshini

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

According to US, EIA 2014 coal alone produces nearly 40% of electricity more than another source in US. Out of the 110 million tons of Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) generated per year as a result of coal combustion, 47% is reused whereas 53% is stored on-site or sent to landfills. There are a number of adverse economic and environmental impacts associated with storage and disposal of coal. Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG), contributing 32% of current climate forcing (US EPA, 2015). Landfill gas comprises of 50-55% CH4 and 40-45% CO2. Global warming potential of CH4 is 28 …

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Air Dispersion Modeling Of Multiple Natural Gas Well Pads At Different Terrain Conditions And Determination Of Inverse Distance Weighting Function Exponent, Fatemeh Khalaj May 2016

Air Dispersion Modeling Of Multiple Natural Gas Well Pads At Different Terrain Conditions And Determination Of Inverse Distance Weighting Function Exponent, Fatemeh Khalaj

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Natural gas production and development has been widely spreading all over the United States. Texas has been leading the nation in natural gas production by holding approximately twenty three percent of the nation’s natural gas reserves. However, natural gas exploration, drilling, production and distribution process have impacts on air quality and human health. The emissions from natural gas processes could be categorized as volatile organic compounds (including Hazardous Air Pollutants), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter and some other minor emitted pollutants, which have the potential of causing serious health problems and also impact air quality from an environmental …

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Safety Aspects Of Bicyclists In A Connected Vehicle Environment, Ajaykumar Patil May 2016

Safety Aspects Of Bicyclists In A Connected Vehicle Environment, Ajaykumar Patil

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The revival in the number of bicyclists, bike infrastructure investments and bike policies in the U.S. in the last two decades has escalated the importance of bicycling as a mode of transportation. With the proliferating role of the bicycle mode, bike fatalities continue to grow, too. In response to the increase in fatalities and crashes caused by human driven vehicles, the automobile industry and governments seek to develop autonomous vehicles that can address most of the human related crash causes. While increasing safety remains the primary goal of autonomous vehicles (AV) innovation, the difficulty of bicyclist and pedestrian detection using …

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Improving Hydrologic Prediction For Large Urban Areas Through Stochastic Analysis Of Scale-Dependent Runoff Response, Advanced Sensing And High-Resolution Modeling, Amir Norouzi May 2016

Improving Hydrologic Prediction For Large Urban Areas Through Stochastic Analysis Of Scale-Dependent Runoff Response, Advanced Sensing And High-Resolution Modeling, Amir Norouzi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Due to urbanization and climate change, large urban areas such as the DallasFort Worth Metroplex (DFW) area is vulnerable not only to river flooding but also flash flooding. Due to the nonstationarities involved, projecting how the changes in land cover and climate may modify flood frequency in large urban areas is a challenge. Part I of this work develops a simple spatial stochastic model for rainfall-to-areal runoff in urban areas, evaluates climatological mean and variance of mean areal runoff (MAR) over a range of catchment scales, translates them into runoff frequency as a proxy for flood frequency, and assesses its …

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Structural Retrofit Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Using Cfrp, Ahmed Haider Mohiuddin May 2016

Structural Retrofit Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Using Cfrp, Ahmed Haider Mohiuddin

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have developed numerous applications in the field of Civil Engineering, mostly because of their beneficial properties like high strength-to=weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. This study presents an easy and expedient finite element (FE) able to accurately estimate the axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns confined with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The element is able to model collapse due to concrete crushing. The FE generated in this study is used the load carrying capacity of CFRP confined RC columns subjected to concentric loading. Constitutive models for materials …

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Sustainability Assessment Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures In Texas, Reza Saeedzadeh May 2016

Sustainability Assessment Of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures In Texas, Reza Saeedzadeh

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The pavement practitioners use more recycled materials in asphalt mixtures in order to compensate for the high price of petroleum products and save the limited resources of virgin materials. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) have been in wide use in asphalt mixtures for several decades. Public perception on the utilization of recycled materials is that the mixtures become more cost effective and more environmental friendly. This is true when the initial stage of construction of pavements is assessed. However, a mixture that costs less and/or burdens the environment less at the beginning may require more frequent …

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Design And Resistance Factor Calibration Of Pipe Piles In California, Yujie Hu May 2016

Design And Resistance Factor Calibration Of Pipe Piles In California, Yujie Hu

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Steel pipe piles, either open ended or close ended, are widely used in the state of California as bridge foundations due to high load bearing capacity, light weight, and outstanding workability. The design methods currently used by Caltrans were developed based on limited field data and are lack of field validations of the recent development of steel pipe piles. In this thesis study, 45 high quality steel pipe pile load tests performed in various soil conditions were collected from Caltrans’ load test data to evaluate available design methods and calibrate the resistance factors of selected design methods. A total of …

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Potential Application Of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete With Wet-Mix Shotcrete System In Tunneling, Jean Gamarra May 2016

Potential Application Of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete With Wet-Mix Shotcrete System In Tunneling, Jean Gamarra

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

In the tunneling industry, shotcrete has been used for several decades. The use of shotcrete or wet-mix spray-on methods allows the application of this method in complex underground profiles and shapes. The need for time efficient spraying methods and constructability for lining coverage opens the door for technologies like steel and synthetic fiber reinforced shotcrete to achieve a uniform and a good quality product. An important advantage of the application of fiber reinforced concrete in shotcrete systems for tunneling is that almost no steel fixing is required. This leads to several other advantages including safer working conditions during excavation, less …

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Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh May 2016

Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This research aimed to investigate the effect of utilizing “Fiber Reinforced Polymer” (FRP) on the light weight concrete beams. The main hypothesis is that such utilization of the FRP will lead to strengthened lightweight beams. The research that has been done on this relationship is somewhat broad in the scope and have mostly focused on the normal-weight concrete. However, only few studies that have considered the light weight concrete. Eight Beams were tested in this research under four point bending test. Two beams were taken as a control beams without any external bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer. Another two …

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Comparison Of Construction Methods For Building An Underground Freight Transportation In Texas, Niloofar Rezaei May 2016

Comparison Of Construction Methods For Building An Underground Freight Transportation In Texas, Niloofar Rezaei

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Freight transportation by trucks constitutes approximately 80% of total freight transportation in Texas and it is expected to approximately double by the year 2040. Social and environmental costs are adverse impacts of moving freights by trucks. Underground Freight Transportation (UFT) significantly reduces these negative impacts and is more sustainable method of freight transportation. UFT includes close-fitting vehicles carrying freight through underground pipelines or tunnels between terminals. The main objective of this research is to compare two construction methods: (1) tunneling using tunnel boring machine (TBM) and (2) tunneling using open-cut. To conduct this research, a comprehensive literature search on various …

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Enhancing Productivity By Using Building Information Modeling Applications In Pipeline Construction Projects, Harsha Vardhan Reddy Guduru Penusila May 2016

Enhancing Productivity By Using Building Information Modeling Applications In Pipeline Construction Projects, Harsha Vardhan Reddy Guduru Penusila

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology and associated set of processes to produce, communicate, and analyze building models. BIM is a new concept within the construction industry. The objective of this thesis is to utilize BIM in pipeline construction projects as one of the pioneering steps to reduce rework and delays due to unforeseen conditions. This thesis presents evaluation and recommendations to help pipeline construction industry’s transition from traditional two-dimensional drawings to a BIM management process aiding owners and contractors to develop and implement a basic form of BIM technique to manage their projects. This thesis uses two pipeline …

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Enhanced Seismic Performance Of Special Truss Moment Frames And Staggered Truss Framing System For Seismically Active Areas, Sanputt Simasathien May 2016

Enhanced Seismic Performance Of Special Truss Moment Frames And Staggered Truss Framing System For Seismically Active Areas, Sanputt Simasathien

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Due to their ability to achieve large column-free floor spaces, special truss moment frames (STMFs) and staggered truss frames (STFs) are unique valuable options for structural engineers. However, although STMFs and STFs offer a wide range of structural, architectural, and economical benefits, limited research data is available on the seismic performance of these systems. STMF system is a relatively new type of steel framing system for use in high seismic areas. STMFs dissipate earthquake energy through ductile special segments located near the mid-span of the truss girders, while the other members outside the special segment, including truss members, columns, and …

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