Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Real-Time Arterial Traffic Signal Performance Measures, Christopher M. Day, Edward J. Smaglik, Darcy M. Bullock, James R. Sturdevant

JTRP Technical Reports

Increasing demand for highway system capacity compels transportation agencies to extract as much capacity as possible from existing systems. Traffic signals represent a major component of highway systems. Improvement of traffic signal operation requires accurate performance measures. Despite recent improvements in computing technology, traffic signal controllers are currently not able to capture useful performance measures on a cycle-by-cycle basis. This report presents a set of performance measures that could be collected on a cycle-by-cycle basis by a traffic signal controller given the capability to log phase indications and detector actuations. The performance measures investigated here include the volume-to-capacity ratio and …

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 2: Inductive Loop Detection Of Bicycles And Inductive Loop Signature Processing For Travel Time Estimation, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 1: Communication Field Tests For Satellite, Cellular, And Spread Spectrum Radio, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 3: Data Collection And Signal Processing For Improvement Of Road Profiling And Proof Of Concept Of A Vehicle-Infrastructure Based Road Surface Monitoring Application, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Contributions To Foundation Engineering In Geotechnique, Rodrigo Salgado, G. T. Houlsby, D. N. Cathie

Lyles School of Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Many of the important developments in the field of foundation engineering have been addressed in Géotechnique papers over the past 60 years. This paper briefly reviews some of these developments and related articles, particularly with respect to shallow and deep foundations. In the early days of Géotechnique, the power to perform sophisticated numerical analyses did not exist. Papers tended to focus on the solution of problems using simple models in which soil was modelled either as linear elastic or as perfectly plastic. Engineers sought simple closed-form analytical solutions for boundary-value problems. With the development of more powerful analytical, computational …

Knowledge-Based System To Support Site Investigation For Safety Improvement, Andrew P. Tarko, Andrew Kwasniak, Jorge Ramos

JTRP Technical Reports

Specialists in transportation and other areas of engineering are trying to improve road safety. The most difficult part is determining the road features, driver behaviors, and vehicular failures that unduly increase the risk of crash. To help INDOT safety investigation teams, a previous research project developed a prototype Road Safety Investigation Tool (RSIT) for two-way stop-controlled intersections. The research summarized here has evaluated the prototype RSIT and has developed a new version RSIT2 that has incorporated the findings of the evaluation.

The evaluation of the RSIT prototype confirmed usefulness of the proposed methodology. The tool has been applied to two …

Estimating Highway Maintenance Work 2008, Ohio Department Of Transportation, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This manual is founded upon a problem index that walks through a number of equations that will estimate the maintenance work required in areas such as bridge deck repair, chip and seal, crack sealing, mowing, road salt application, salt spreader calibration, and many more everyday road maintenance operations. The manual also includes an appendix to help with lengths, areas, volumes, rates, equivalents, and rules.

2008 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Limit States And Load And Resistance Design Of Slopes And Retaining Structures, Dongwook Kim, Rodrigo Salgado

JTRP Technical Reports

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methods for slopes and MSE walls were developed based on probability theory. The complexity in developing LRFD for slopes and MSE walls results from the fact that (1) the representation of spatial variability of soil parameters of slopes using Gaussian random field is computationally demanding and (2) LRFD of MSE walls requires examination of multiple ultimate limit states for both external and internal stability checks.

For each design case, a rational framework is developed accounting for different levels of target probability of failure (or target reliability index) based on the importance of the structure. …

Highway And Street Department Fuel Survey For Indiana Counties, Cities, And Towns, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

The objective of this report is to determine the number of refueling stations available to county highway departments and city and town street departments for their vehicles and equipment. In addition, the type of fuel that each department has at these locations is recorded.

Responses to this survey were received from every county, forty-seven of the fifty highest populated cities, and twelve of the fifteen highest populated towns in Indiana. The data contained within this report is based upon the number of responses received.

The information presented in this report may be used by county highway departments and city and …

Analysis Of The Shaft Resistance Of Nondisplacement Piles In Sand, D Loukidis, Rodrigo Salgado

Lyles School of Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

The paper examines, using numerical modelling, the problem of the limit shaft resistance of non-displacement piles installed in sands. The modelling makes use of an advanced, two-surface-plasticity constitutive model. The constitutive model predicts the soil response in both the small- and the large-strain range, while taking into account the effects of the intermediate principal effective stress and of the inherent anisotropy of the sand. Finite element analyses of shearing along the pile shaft are performed in order to examine the development of limit unit shaft resistance and the changes in stress state around the shaft upon axial loading of the …

2007 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

Stormwater Drainage Manual 2008, Christopher B. Burke, Thomas T. Burke

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This manual is a comprehensive catalog of procedures, design methods and criteria, and general background information which will enable the designer to quickly learn or review the basic principles of storm drainage design. Subjects included are precipitation and hydrological cycle, runoff and its estimation, open channels, flow in gutters and inlets, stormwater storage, storm sewer system design, computer applications for computing watershed runoff, and water quality. Included in the appendices are basics of statistical analysis, fundamentals of hydraulics, and a list of regulatory agencies and governmental bodies which may have jurisdiction over drainage projects.

Alternatives To Fuel Tax: A State Level Perspective, Jungeun (Jen) Oh, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

Under the current fuel-tax-based highway financing system, the funding gap between highway needs and revenue available is expected to grow as vehicle fuel economy improves and use of alternative fuels increases. Consequently, the highway financing mechanism needs to be restructured or a different financing strategy undertaken. Previous research provided examples of successful implementation of pricing schemes in terms of design of pricing scheme, technology issues, legal and institutional issues, and public acceptability. Synthesizing this information, a methodological framework was established for evaluation of alternative user charging schemes. Based on the assessment of the current and projected highway revenue and the …

Post-Construction Evaluation Of Lime-Treated Soils, Chulmin Jung, Antonio Bobet

JTRP Technical Reports

Lime is used to treat weak subgrade soils during construction of highways. A small amount of lime (4 to 7%) is used to rapidly dehydrate and modify fine grained soils. The modification process improves workability and compactability of the soils. Although the lime modification process is primarily aimed at construction expediency, additional effects such as long-term improvement of stiffness and/or strength by pozzolanic and carbonation cementation reactions are expected. Lime treatment has been employed in Indiana over several decades, but the long-term performance of lime-treated soils has not been well quantified and no field tests have been done on roads …

Risk Assessment Of Various Median Treatments Of Rural Interstates, Natalie M. Villwock, Nicolas Paul Blond, Andrzej P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

This report presents results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the safety impacts of alternative median treatments on rural freeways. Extensive data were obtained from Indiana, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. The studied median treatments include AASHTO-recommended treatments: depressed medians, depressed medians with high and lowtensioned cable barriers, and flush medians with concrete barriers. Other treatments used in the freeway design were also studied: medians with berms, sloped medians, and depressed medians with berms. Negative binomial models were developed to predict the frequency of crashes in three categories: single vehicle (SV), multiple vehicles same …

Automating Material Delivery Records, Joo Hyoung (Jay) Lee, Bob Mccullouch

JTRP Technical Reports

This project investigated methods on automating field data collection of materials. The method chosen and investigated was bar codes. The automated process requires material suppliers to produce delivery forms that can be recorded and tracked using bar codes. The report describes a system configuration that shows a conceptual process to electronically transfer materials information between the material supplier, trucking company, INDOT personnel and contractor. Other activities reported include survey results from other state transportation agencies, material suppliers, and concrete paving companies. Also, investigated was how to interface with SiteManager software. Recommendations described hardware options for using bar codes and industry …

Bridge Maintenance Survey For Indiana Counties, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

The objective of this report is to summarize the current bridge maintenance practices of the different counties within Indiana. This information is intended to help others understand which maintenance practices seem to be working and what does not seem to work. Further, this report will be used to assess the need for specialized training and information courses to be offered through the Indiana LT AP office.

Of the all of the Indiana counties surveyed, a total of 50 responses were received. The data contained within this report is based upon the number of responses received.

The basic findings of this …

Hollo-Bolt®: Blind Connector For Structural Steelwork, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Structural steel connections for connecting to square, rectangular or circular structural tube or to conventional steel where access is available from one side only poses problems. A technology was needed which could provide a quicker and tidier installation than traditional methods such as welding, unsightly strapping or drilling and tapping holes. The invention of the Hollo-Bolt® provided such a solution.

Smartball™: Free Swimming Leak Detection System, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Leak detection systems measure ultrasonic noise, infrared temperature variances or electrical flux to detect leakage in structures like, pipes, tanks, geo-membrane retaining structures etc. SmartBall® is a free flowing leak detection system developed by Pure Technologies. It consists of a foam ball that has a smaller aluminum ball at its core. This aluminum core houses an ultrasonic device that sends ultrasonic signals and also collects the reflected sound waves.

Implementation Of Station Health Monitoring Procedures For Its Sensors, Volume 2: Implementation Report, Joseph M. Ernst, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Durability And Retro-Reflectivity Of Pavement Markings (Synthesis Study), Yi Jiang

JTRP Technical Reports

Waterborne paints are used to paint pavement markings (edgelines and centerlines) to provide guidance for motorists. The painted markings need to be repainted periodically as their retro-reflectivity deteriorates. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) repaints pavement markings at least annually. INDOT engineers would like to determine the feasibility of extending the time intervals of repainting pavement markings on at least some types of roadways. The purpose of this synthesis study is to accomplish the following: (1) to locate and assemble documented information on pavement marking durability; (2) to learn what criteria have been used in other states in measuring retro-reflectivity …

Deck Replacement - Use Of Extra Coating Thickness Epoxy-Coated Bars, J. A. Ramirez, Rachel Elizabeth Henkhaus

JTRP Technical Reports

The results of this study were implemented in the form of design recommendations for bond of epoxy-coated bars with thicker coatings up to 18 mils. The scope of the work included evaluation of AASHTO LRFD (2004) and ACI 318 design recommendedations for the development and splice length of extra epoxy-coating thinkness reinforcing bars in normal-weight concrete bridge decks and a proposed monitoring plan for a generic concrete bridge deck in Indiana where epoxy-coated bars with thicker coatings might be emeployed. The use of the current provisions for development and splice length of epoxy-coated bars in tension in both the AASHTO …

Acquisition And Analysis Of Earthwork Pay Quantity Verification Data, Sharvil Saurabh Shah, Makarand Hastak

JTRP Technical Reports

This research identifies technologies and methods that can be used by INDOT in earthwork data collection and earthwork quantity calculation process on large construction projects that could result in timely completion of the projects with less labor and resultant cost. In order to achieve the above stated objective, several tasks were performed, i.e., literature review, data collection, data analysis, and recommendations. INDOT engineers were interviewed to determine their current state of practice. Also, all the state DOTs, professional companies in Indiana and vendors of earthwork data collection equipment and software products were contacted through questionnaire surveys and personal interviews. Two …

2006 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

2007 Summary Of Major Moves Money Distribution, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report contains a summary of local units' use of the Major Moves funding to enhance their transportation systems provided for by the Indiana Legislature passing of House Bill 1008 on March 14, 2006.

The information contained herein is from either written or verbal responses to a survey that was sent to all Indiana counties and to the Indiana cities and towns over 20,000 in population. A copy of this survey can be found in the Appendix. In Appendix I, you will find a copy of the survey that was sent. Appendix II contains a table containing a breakdown of …

2007 Model County Highway Ordinances, Indiana Ltap, Indiana Association Of County Engineers And Supervisors

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report is intended to provide model ordinances for common situations for county highway departments and local street departments in Indiana where no current sample or model ordinance is readily available. Information to prepare model ordinances was collected from other Indiana counties and municipalities. Some of the model ordinances were created at the request of local highway and street departments.

The purpose of this report was not to duplicate regulations already in place such as where state governments cover issues such as road signage, or traffic control, but to provide references for situations that have no other regulation or where …

2007 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Development Of A Decision Support System For Selection Of Trenchless Technologies To Minimize Impact Of Utility Construction On Roadways, Dulcy M. Abraham, Hyeon-Shik Baik, Sanjiv B. Gokhale

JTRP Technical Reports

The need to replace deteriorating underground utility infrastructure and to expand utility services, increases the need for utility conduits to intersect roadways. Open-trench method is currently the most widely used method for installation of underground pipelines and conduits of all sizes. However, open-cut construction has several shortcomings, chief amongst which are: health and safety concerns of workers, surface disturbance, disruption to vehicular/pedestrian traffic and reduction of pavement life. Today, other cost-effective alternatives exist to traditional open-trench construction. These methods are categorized as "Trenchless Technologies" as they require minimum trenching (excavation). While the benefits of trenchless technology are quite apparent when …

Indot Guidance Document For In-Situ Soil Flushing, Linda S. Lee, Xihong Zhai, Jaesun Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

Many of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) sites are contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents; these contaminants often occur in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) or dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Considerable effort has recently been focused on developing in-situ technologies for removing or destroying NAPL source zones, and several potentially viable methods have emerged including cosolvent-enhanced source zone removal. Most recently, site-specific remedial designs involving a combination of in-situ methods (often referred to as a treatment train) have been proposed for which data are still sparse. The primary goal of the laboratory experiments is …