Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Failure Surface For L-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Short Columns, Mon-Chen Liu

Theses

Combined bending and axial compression for L-shaped reinforced concrete short columns is a common problem. But the present ACI Building Code (ACI 318-77), handbooks and texbooks pay no attention to this problem. A numerical analysis and computer program developed by Hsu fora reinforced concrete member subject to biaxial bending and axial load has been used Using this computer program, the interaction diagrams and failure surface were developed for L-shaped members under combined bending and axial compression. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results was included to examine the validity of failure surface.

Analysis And Tests [Of] L-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Column Under Combined Biaxial Bending And Axial Compression, Alaedin Majlesi

Theses

A total of five tests on biaxially loaded column specimens were conducted to investigate the complete behavior of load-deformation characteristics from zero load until failure. The specimens were tested under horizontal position with 60 ton hydrolic jack. Pin end was used for both ends to obtain higher accuracy of plotting curves.

Two specimens were tested with dial gages to obtain load-deflection curves and the other three specimens were tested with demec and strain gages to obtain load strain and moment-curvature curves. The strain gages were measured by weston bridge and deme-gages were measured by mechanical dial gage.

The above moment-curvature …

Behavior Of Reinforced Fibrous Beam-Column Joints Under Cyclic Loads, Sitaram Mahadev

Theses

From exploratory research of reinforced fibrous concrete, it has been shown that fibrous concrete is potentially superior and less costly than the conventional reinforced concrete.

The testing program consisted of ten beam-column joints with half of these joints containing 1-1/2 percent hooked end fibers. The beam column joints were constructed with less hoops than a conventional seismic joint would have, according to design specifications of the American Concrete Institute Code (ACI 318-77). In studying the behavior of these beam-column joints, two loading cases were examined:

(1) critical regions whose inelastic behavior was controlled by bending, and

(2) critical regions whose …

Removal Of Fluoborate From Electroplating Rinse Water By Ion Flotation, Ray Haralson

Dissertations

A problem exists in the removal of fluoborate from electroplating waste rinse water. The normally used waste treatment methods are not effective and the vacuum evaporation process now being tried is expensive and energy intensive. Experiments were conducted and an alternative treatment process which shows substantial removals of the fluoborate was developed. This can be effectively done using ion flotation techniques. A broad range of surfactants were screened for usefulness in this process and it was found that an aliphatic amine acetate was usable in this process. Operating parameters for the process were investigated, and the removal mechanism was determined …

Nonlinear Analysis Of Shear Walls And Shear Panels By Finite Element Method, Erhan Atay

Theses

The objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of applying the Finite Element Method to Nonlinear Analyses of Shear Walls and Shear Panels.

Various existing methods are reviewed and discussed.

These studies determined that the application of Finite Element Method to Nonlinear Analysis of Shear Walls and Shear Panels is being misused in many cases but is very practical and promising where justified. However more studies are needed for the manner of modeling to be used to connect the wall to beam and slab elements that frame into that wall. To model the coupled beams as plane stress …

Transportation Alternatives For Peak Period Passenger Travel In Greater Georgetown, Ahamad Baksh

Theses

Alternatives to present a workable and cost effective solution(s) to the inadequate supply of public transportation during the peak hour periods in Greater Georgetown (Guyana) are examined. Various transportation system management strategies that could help in either to service the peak period demands by more effective utilization of available transport resources or to manage these demands by altering peaks patterns, are discussed. Data from the transportation study aspect of the "Physical Plan for Greater Georgetown", conducted by the Central Housing and Planning Authority as well as data from the files of the Central Transport Planning Unit of the Ministry of …

Leachate Treatment Technique Utilizing Fly Ash As A Low Cost Sorbent, Turan A. Ramadan

Theses

This study was carried out to design a system for the inexpensive treatment of ash pond effluent or leachate. Twelve different coals were burned in three different types of coal fired boilers to determine the influence of coal composition, ash fusion temperatures, boiler additives, combustion conditions and co-firing of natural gas or oil with the coal, on the composition of the fly ash and bottom ash as well as the leaching and sorbate characteristics of the fly ash produced.

The trace elemental analysis consisting of Ti, Cd, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, Cr. Zn, Mn, Ba, and V in the …

Mathematical Modeling And Analytical Solutions Of Dissolved Oxygen And Biochemical Oxygen Demand Profiles Under Three-Dimensional, Unsteady-State Conditions, Uing Woong Kim

Dissertations

Mathematical models describing the temporal and spatial distribution of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for both pervious and impervious channel conditions in 3-dimensions have been constructed, and their analytical solutions were obtained. The solutions were implemented through the application of a digital computer, and their results are presented.

It has been found that there are significant differences in terms of DO and BOD distribution with respect to time and space in relatively deep and wide channels, thus necessitating the use of a 3-D, unsteady-state model.

Direct Simple Shear Tests On Overconsolidated Anderten Clay, Maral Bedian

Theses

Determining the shear strength behaviour of a very stiff calcareous clay in the Direct-Simple Shear tests is the purpose of this thesis. The clay tested is the MLK Arderten Clay from West Germany.

For the Direct-Simple Shear tests, a trimming device was prepared to get the required size of the samples. Porous stones with nails were used to prevent the slippage of the samples.

The results of the Consolidated K_o Undrained Direct-Simple Shear tests showed that the shear strength of the clay depended largely on the condition of the samples tested. Relatively homogeneous and intact samples had shear strength …

An Investigation Of The Dynamic Response Of The Activated Sludge Process, Tin-Bai Pan

Dissertations

A new mathematical model, derived from first principles of mass balance, is proposed for describing the mass transfer response of an activated sludge aeration tank in terms of a fluidized bed. The operational data to verify the proposed model were taken from an existing conventional wastewater treatment plant and a bench scale pilot plant.

The mass transfer rate, (K_dA_s), was presented by an empirical dimensionless group function as follows:

((K_dA_s)D_p/D_v) = fA_c (uD_p/ν)a ((ν/D_ν)(MLSS))^b

Or

Sh = f(A_c/A_s ) …

The Removal And Recovery Of Fluoborate From Plating Rinse Waters, Terrence A. Hunter

Theses

Fluoborate poses a problem to electroplaters when discharged in their wastestreams. Therefore, a method for removing fluoborate from rinse waters is necessary. An ion floatation technique using a surfactant was developed at N.J.I.T. to perform this job. However, this technique requires long time periods therefore other methods were investigated.

Ultrafiltration was investigated as a replacement for the ion floatation technique. It would cut down the time required for the fluoborate removal. Also, electrolysis and the addition of excess acetic acid were tried in an attempt to separate the fluoborate and the surfactant in the ultrafiltration retentate. This system was evaluated …

Development And Verification Of A Laboratory Model For Use In The Study Of A Continuous Flow Pressurized Activated Sludge Process, Wayne Frederick Nolte

Dissertations

Investigations concerning the responses of domestic wastewater treated at elevated pressures have demonstrated an acceleration in the rate of biological assimilation of the waste material. The literature is not extensive, but presents much conflicting data. There has been a lack of a coherent approach to the investigation of pressure in wastewater treatment. This demonstrates the need for standard testing apparatus and procedures.

A bench scale pressurized activated sludge process was designed and constructed. The apparatus was tested over a broad range of conditions and was found to give reproducible results. Kinetic responses of the pressurized process are presented.

Adsorption Capabilities Of Adsorbents For Selected Toxic Air Pollutants, Richard Michael Vaccaro

Theses

The relative adsorption capacities of seven toxic, volatile organic air pollutants of either proven or suspected carcinogenic potential were tested on various adsorbents. Tests were run at flow velocities similar to those set in field sampling. This allows for extrapolation of test results to actual ambient air sampling systems. Experimentation was performed using a gas chromatograph (G.C.) equipped with a flame ionization detector. Sample introduction was carried out using the "displacement method" where the sample is introduced to the adsorbent cartridge as a plug.

Incipient elution volumes (V_N), normalized for bulk adsorbent packing volume, were obtained at various …

The Use Of Natural Sorbents For The Treatment Of Industrial Sludge Leachate, Mung Shium Jack Sheih

Dissertations

A sorbent treatment process has been developed which uses natural clay soils and fly ashes as sorbents in the treatment of the hazardous contaminants of potential sludge leachate emanating from industrial landfills. Natural sorbents (i.e., vermiculite, illite, kaolinite, zeolite, acidic and basic fly ashes) were evaluated for the removal of specific cations, anions, and organics from leachates generated from three industrial sludges (i.e., calcium fluoride, metal finishing, and petroleum). The laboratory results indicate that, rather than a single sorbent, a combination of acidic and basic sorbents in a layered system is required to reduce for the measurable contaminants present in …

Paper Recycling : Recovery Of Secondary Fibers By Selective Wettability, Gary Keith Welshans

Dissertations

A separation process has been developed which recovers similar paper grades from a mixed stock by selective wettability. This process capitalizes on the various paper additives which are intended to resist water wetting and result in paper flotation. While water can be used to achieve many desirable paper separations, the detention times required are excessive, and therefore, limit any industrial application. Surface-active agents, in low concentrations, can be used advantageously by reducing the detention times for all paper while the structure of the surfactant can be used to selectively recover similar papers over a controlled time period. Detention times have …

Nonlinear Buckling Of Deep Cylindrical Shell Panels With Imperfections, Madhusudan H. Jhaveri

Dissertations

The work presented in this dissertation is devoted to the analysis of nonlinear buckling of thin cylindrical shells with imperfections. The nonlinearity of the problem treated in this dissertation is that associated with large displacements in the linear elastic range. The method used is not restricted by the magnitude of the displacements provided that the strains do not exceed the limit of proportionality.

Thus, based upon the large deflection theory, cylindrical shell panel is investigated for buckling under the action of uniform external pressure. Certain higher order infinitesimal terms which are usually neglected in the shallow shell theories, have been …

Growth Patterns Of Bacteria In Pressurized Sewage, Dennis Mazzei

Theses

Primary sewage was pressurized at 100 psi for one hour. The effects of this pressure on the growth patterns of general and nitrifying bacteria were examined daily for eighteen consecutive days using Standard Plate Counts and Most Probable Number (MPN) estimates. In conjunction with these tests, the degree of biodegradability was also determined by measuring both daily biochemical oxygen demands (BOD's) and dissolved oxygen levels.

Graphical analysis of experimental data compare the BOD's exterted [sic] by microorganisms to their respective numbers of colonies as determined by plate counts of both pressurized and non-pressurized sanitary sewage diluted to 3. 00%. The …

The Anisotropic And Isotropic Strength Behavior Of An Illitic Clay, Miles M. O'Brien

Theses

The cause and the nature of anisotropy in a cohesive soil was investigated by direct shear and triaxial compression tests. Laboratory techniques and procedures used to prepare isotropic clay samples are given where consolidation was accomplished under hydrostatic pressure. Direct shear tests were performed on these specimens trimmed at different inclinations to the physical horizontal from the block samples. The ratio of undrained shear strengths in any direction to shear strength in the vertical direction was found to be equal to one, proving isotropy existed. Similar tests were performed on specimens trimmed from the same clay consolidated one-dimensionally. Results from …

The Effects Of Pressure On The Biodegradability Of Sanitary Sewage In A Model Activated Sludge Reactor, Nicholas A. Mezei

Theses

Based on existing information concerning the effects of pressure on the biodegradability of sanitary sewage, a model activated sludge reactor was used in conjunction with pressurization to determine the viability of pressurization as a primary sewage treatment process.

Municipal sewage samples were pressurized at 40 psig for one hour with an excess of oxygen. An air compressor and a steel drum were used for sample pressurization. A non-pressurized control sample was maintained. After pressurization, the samples were fed into separate model activated sludge reactors. Biodegradability of both types of effluent was measured by determining their five day biochemical oxygen demands …

The Effects Of Angularity On The Compaction And Shear Strength Of A Cohesionless Material, Richard Edward Swiderski

Theses

Several physical methods are described for the practical measurement and rating of angularity (shape) of cohesionless soil particles. Angularity is determined by utilizing the fundamental property of a sphere: a sphere has the smallest contact surface area of any shape for a given volume. Therefore, any other shape will exhibit a greater contact surface area and consequently will have a greater frictional resistance which is a function of its degree of angularity.

The effects of angularity on the physical behavior (e.g. strength) of cohesionless soils was investigated at various relative compaction densities. For this purpose a combined compaction and direct …

Subcontracting By The Petrochemical Engineer-Constructor, Michael Peter Skurla

Theses

An analysis has been made of the methods used by a Petrochemical Engineer-Constructor, who has national labor agreements, in deciding if the construction phase of a project should be done by a subcontract method of construction or be accomplished on a direct hire basis. The petrochemical complex under discussion is considered to be in the $75 million range for the total installed cost including design, engineering, procurement, and construction.

The influence of subcontracting portions of the construction phase by the Engineer-Constructor is reviewed with its impact on: the client; project schedule and cost; local and national labor relations, because of …

An Analysis Of The Passenger Vehicle Interface Of Street Transit Systems With Applications To Design Optimization, Walter H. Kraft

Dissertations

This research analyzes the Passenger Vehicle Interface of the street transit systems and presents applications for design optimization. The Passenger Vehicle Interface (PVI) is defined as the interaction between the passenger and vehicle elements of the street transit system.

Human observer and photographic studies were conducted in 17 cities in the United States and Canada to measure the time for queues of passengers to board various transit vehicles. The data were analyzed by considering seven factors that affect the Passenger Vehicle Interface: Human Factor, Modal Factor, Operating Practices, Operating Policies, Mobility, Climate and Weather, and Other System Elements. Those effects …

Soluble Surfactant Effects On Gas Absorption Of Organic Compounds, Angelo C. Morresi

Theses

A literature search dating back to the beginning of this century turned up no previous work similar to ours. We discuss several methods and experiments involving the scrubbing of air streams.

The objective of this work was the determination of surfactant affects on the solubility of certain organic compounds of varying solubility in water. A means of simulating a packed tower was devised to allow for bench scale evaluation and thus enabled a greater number of organic compounds to be examined with a greater variety of surfactants.

Curves were plotted based on organic vapor concentration, surfactant concentration, organic type, surfactant …

Industrialized-Subsidized Housing In The Hackensack Meadowlands, Andrew Carl Gildersleeve

Theses

New Jersey as well as the rest of the nation is beginning to feel the pinch of what has been termed the housing crisis. The products of the World War II baby-boom are now reaching the age where they require homes of their own, making the demand for good quality low-cost housing very high. At the same time, the demand for good public housing continues to grow and we are learning that our previous efforts in this field have been far from satisfactory.

In the course of this study I have looked into the possibilities of solving a portion of …

Optimal Planning Of Fixed Route Bus Transit Systems : A Systems Approach, Young Lee

Dissertations

A new bus transit planning tool is developed for application in determining operating policies of a fixed-route bus transit system. The objective of the study is to model a bus transit system which functions under time-varying passenger demands and service characteristics.

The two phase transit model developed in this research is intended for use as a mass transit planning tool, to solve transit problems confronting the mass transit planner. The model is used to compute cost differentials in transit system options. These alternatives of expanding, abandoning or modifying service depend upon the service frequency, fleet size and other system attributes …

A Simulation Modeling Approach To Central City Dynamics, Leonard William Schaper Jr.

Dissertations

This dissertation describes a computer simulation model of a central city with emphasis on its application to Newark, New Jersey. The work begins with a review of the Forrester Urban Dynamics Model; the first attempt to simulate the entire system of the city. The objections to this model which have appeared in the literature are discussed, and the model is viewed in the light of other work in the field. A set of guidelines to aid the "second generation" model building effort is developed. The actual construction of a model which attempts to follow these guidelines is described. First, the …

Aboveground Fuel Oil Storage Tanks, Lawrence George Palmer

Theses

A review of the American Petroleum Institute Standard 650 and Appendixes points out the advantages of using high strength steel and the variable point design method (Appendix K) to obtain reasonably uniform shell stresses. Design limitations imposed by notch toughness and residual stresses are pointed out.

Design considerations for the installation of an internal floating roof in a standard cone roof tank are discussed. Methods of calculating evaporation losses and an economic justification for a floating roof are included. Budget estimate figures have been compiled as a function of tank capacity for tanks, site preparation and tank ringwall or piled …

A Study Into The Feasibility Of Constructing A Pedestrian Mall In Newark Downtown, Stephen Wesley Warren

Theses

Newark's central business district has been suffering steady economic decline for at least a decade. In an attempt to halt this trend, and perhaps even reverse it, a feasibility study has been conducted toward the goal of implementing a pedestrian mall in the area.

This study was accomplished by conducting both field examinations of Halsey Street, the area under consideration, and investigating data from other existing United States pedestrian malls.

The results of this study show that it is feasible to construct a permanent pedestrian mall on Halsey Street and that the benefits of doing so far outweigh the costs …

Manpower And Productivity In The Construction Industry, John A. Purciello

Theses

The relationship between manpower and productivity is an important factor in the area of increasing construction costs. Manpower supply is affected by worker mobility, influx of minority workers, work accidents, and training and apprenticeship programs.

A survey was conducted in the state of New Jersey to determine if a manpower shortage existed. The survey was conducted by submitting questionnaires to contractors, unions, owners, and architect-engineers.

The results of the survey indicated that a manpower shortage does exist, and that the shortage has influ enced construction costs, Furthermore, as a result of the increasing costs, indications of a decline in new …

Coagulation In Waste Water Treatment, Garret P. Westerhoff

Theses

This paper emphasizes a practical approach to the coagulation of domestic waste water. A portion of the paper is a synopsis of current published literature on the subject. Laboratory studies on the coagulation of raw domestic waste waters were conducted to provide the basis of a practical procedure for the evaluation and design of a coagulation process. Studies included the development of a relationship between the B.O.D. and the soluble and solids portion of two waste tests. The jar test was used for the studies on the coagulation process. The final section of the paper outlines the chemical cost factors …