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Articles 5491 - 5520 of 7869

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Permeation Of Several Gases Through Elastomers, With Emphasis On The Deuterium/Hydrogen Pair, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, W. J. Koros, R. L. Nolen, J. R. Carnes Jan 1993

Permeation Of Several Gases Through Elastomers, With Emphasis On The Deuterium/Hydrogen Pair, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, W. J. Koros, R. L. Nolen, J. R. Carnes

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Diffusion and Permeation Coefficients for He, H2, D2, O2, and N2 in a Variety of Elastomers Were Measured by Simple Manometric Methods. the Elastomers Studied Were Butyl Rubber; Hypalon® 40 and 45; Viton® E60 and GF; Hydrin® 100 and Filled Hydrin® 100; Kraton® G, FG, and KG VTEOS; EPDM; Epoxidized Natural Rubber; and Neoprene. Consistent with Earlier Studies, Elastomers with Higher Glass Transition Temperatures Exhibited Lower Diffusion Coefficients. the Ratio of Diffusion Coefficients of the Hydrogen Isotope Pair Differed from the Purely Molecular‐weight‐based Prediction. Deuterium's Slightly Smaller Size Relative to Hydrogen is Consistent with Observed Deviations from the Molecular‐weight‐based …

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Mineralization And Uptake Of Triazine Pesticide In Soil-Plant Systems, Dhileepan R. Nair, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Louis A. Licht, Jerald L. Schnoor Jan 1993

Mineralization And Uptake Of Triazine Pesticide In Soil-Plant Systems, Dhileepan R. Nair, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Louis A. Licht, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Deep-Rooted Trees Planted as a Buffer Zone Can Intercept Runoff and Eroded Sediments, Thus Reducing Non-Point-Source Pollution Due to Agricultural Chemicals. in This Study, Populus Sp. Were Grown in Bioreactors with an Agricultural Soil (Silt-Loam) and in a Silica-Sand Media; Both Were Spiked with 14C Uniformly Ring-Labeled Atrazine. the Plants Took Up over 11% of the 14C Labeled Atrazine Applied to the Silt-Loam Soil and over 91% of that Applied to the Silica Sand Media, with the Majority of the 14C Accumulating as Nonphytotoxic Metabolites in the Leaves. Research Suggests that, in Addition to Nutrient Uptake, Poplar …

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Computed Versus Observed Inelastic Seismic Low-Rise Rc Shear Walls, Franklin Y. Cheng, G. E. Mertz, M. S. Sheu, J. F. Ger Jan 1993

Computed Versus Observed Inelastic Seismic Low-Rise Rc Shear Walls, Franklin Y. Cheng, G. E. Mertz, M. S. Sheu, J. F. Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A technique of calculating inelastic deformation of low-rise shear walls having height-width ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 without boundary elements is presented with consideration of the coupling effect for bending and shear deformations as well as the deformation due to base rotation. An interaction surface of moment, shear, and curvature or moment, shear, and shear strain is developed. The deflections at crack, yield, and ultimate loadings can be calculated separately from bending and shear deformations, which are compared favorably with experimental results. The shear deformation is significant for the low-rise walls studied because the deformation due to bending deformation is …

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Postbreakage Behavior Of Heat Strengthened Laminated Glass Under Wind Effects, Chris P. Pantelides, Amy D. Horst, Joseph E. Minor Jan 1993

Postbreakage Behavior Of Heat Strengthened Laminated Glass Under Wind Effects, Chris P. Pantelides, Amy D. Horst, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of a full-scale experimental investigation into the post breakage behavior of heat-strengthened laminated glass subjected to windstorm effects are presented. Two different interlayer constructions and two different glazing configurations are examined. The two interlayer constructions are a PVB polymer and a PVB/PET/PBV composite polymer. The two glazing configurations are a conventional dry glazed system and an unconventional system with a silicone anchor bead. Two test criteria are established that relate to effects of a severe windstorm. The first criterion addresses impact with windborne debris; the second defines a wind-load spectrum that represents a severe windstorm of a 4-hr duration. …

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Collapse Behavior Of Pino Suarez Building During 1985 Mexico City Earthquake, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng, Le Wu Lu Jan 1993

Collapse Behavior Of Pino Suarez Building During 1985 Mexico City Earthquake, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng, Le Wu Lu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the investigation of the collapse behavior of a 22-story steel building during the September 19, 1985, Mexico City earthquake by studying hysteretic behavior, ductility factors of individual structural components, and overall instability of the building. Extensive inelastic analyses have been performed for the building by using the multicomponent seismic input of actual Mexico City earthquake records. It was found that the structural response exceeds the original design ductility of this building, and most girders in the building have severe inelastic deformation. Due to the load redistribution that results from ductile girder failure, local buckling occurred in many …

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Simplified Strength Prediction For Cold-Formed C- And Z-Shapes, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1993

Simplified Strength Prediction For Cold-Formed C- And Z-Shapes, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped members possess a very favorable strength-to-weight ratio, are easily fabricated and erected, and offer a cost-effective structural design solution, they can be highly susceptible to local buckling. To adequately address the impact of the local buckling limit state, a complex, time-consuming design office effort may be required. Therefore, to facilitate the design of such shapes, a study was conducted that focused on developing relatively simple, easy-to-apply design guidelines. The design guidelines address the behavior of cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped members when used as either a flexural member or a compression member. Both edge-stiffened …

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Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Influence Of Strain Rate On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels And Structural Performance Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu Dec 1992

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Influence Of Strain Rate On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels And Structural Performance Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The current design criteria for effective design width being used in the AISI Automotive Steel Design Manual 1 for the design of cold-formed steel members are based on tests under static loading condition. The primary objective of this investigation was to study the validity of these effective design width formulas for members subjected to dynamic loads. This report presents a detailed description of an experimental study. Selected steels with nominal yield strengths ranging from 25 ksi to 100 ksi were uniaxially tested under different strain rates. In order to study the structural behavior and strength of cold-formed steel members having …

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Hands-On Structural Engineering Experiences With The "Anex" Mini-Laboratory, Richard A. Behr, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Azam A. Mirza Dec 1992

Hands-On Structural Engineering Experiences With The "Anex" Mini-Laboratory, Richard A. Behr, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Azam A. Mirza

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ANEX facility has been developed to allow nearly real-time comparisons of analysis results with experimental data gathered on small-scale structural models. ANEX has been used successfully for in-class demonstrations, student-designed experiments, and comprehensive design/build competitions in an introductory structural analysis course at the University of Missouri-Rolla. An expert system is now being developed to guide ANEX users and to act as a trouble-shooter and advisor in the event that analytical and experimental results do not correlate acceptably well. ANEX, using only simple, small-scale model structures, is able to enrich structural engineering instruction by introducing students to the sophisticated capabilities …

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Bending Strength Of Beams With Non-Linear Analysis, Pekka Salmi, Asko Talja Oct 1992

Bending Strength Of Beams With Non-Linear Analysis, Pekka Salmi, Asko Talja

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Bending strengths of open cross-section beams cold-formed from high-strength steel (HSS) are determined with non-linear analysis. Two kinds of beams are studied. The short beams are for examining the bending resistance of cross-sections and the long beams for studing the lateral buckling of open sections. The beams are modelled with shell elements and non-linear FEM analyses are carried out to predict the strengths of the models. Both material and geometrical non-linearities are included in the analyses. The results are compared with experimental results.

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Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load, Mohsen M. Salaheldin, Lweis C. Schmidt Oct 1992

Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load, Mohsen M. Salaheldin, Lweis C. Schmidt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of profiled sheets under concentrated static load is discussed. The effect of aspect ratio and the depth of the sheet on the redistribution of stresses is investigated. The stress concentration caused by the concentrated load can lead to an anomalous pattern of behaviour, where local plastic failure occurs at lower loads in shorter spans rather than in longer spans.

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Observations And Comments Pertaining To Can/Csa-S136-M89, Aaron S. Dinovitzer, Majid Sohrabpour, R. M. Schuster Oct 1992

Observations And Comments Pertaining To Can/Csa-S136-M89, Aaron S. Dinovitzer, Majid Sohrabpour, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Contained in this paper are the results of two separate studies, namely, 1) partially stiffened compressive elements of both edge and single intermediate stiffened flanges and 2) deflection determination of multi-web deck profiles. Both of these studies were based on the Canadian cold formed steel design standard (CAN/CSA-S 136-M89), with the results also applicable to the AISI specification. In the case of partially stiffened compressive elements, discontinuities in effective width estimates for sections with similar flanges and stiffeners were observed, resulting from a sudden change in the behavioural states. Recommendations are presented to rectify this discontinuity and at the same …

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New Asce Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Deck Slabs, Max L. Porter Oct 1992

New Asce Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Deck Slabs, Max L. Porter

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents highlights of the newly approved and printed ASCE Standard on the design and construction of composite floor deck slabs utilizing cold-formed steel. In 1992 four documents are being published including the following: • "Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs"--ASCE3-92, • "Standard Practice for Construction and Inspection of Composite Slabs"-ASCE9-92, and • A separate commentary on each of the two above Standards. These above four documents stem from a previously published ASCE Standard entitled "Specifications for the Design and Construction of Composite Slabs" and the associated commentary thereon. The Steel Deck with Concrete Committee of the …

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Calibration Of A Bending Model For Cold-Formed Sections, A. De Martino, A. Ghersi, Frederico M. Mazzolani Oct 1992

Calibration Of A Bending Model For Cold-Formed Sections, A. De Martino, A. Ghersi, Frederico M. Mazzolani

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The calibration procedure of a numerical model based on the simulation of the moment-curvature relation for cold-formed steel beams is presented. The results of bending tests on beams with double-channel cross-section are used to assess the proper values to the parameters which quantify the model.

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Tests Of Profiled Steel Decks With V-Stiffeners, E. S. Bernard, Russell Q. Bridge, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1992

Tests Of Profiled Steel Decks With V-Stiffeners, E. S. Bernard, Russell Q. Bridge, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The size and position of intermediate stiffeners in the compression flanges of thin-walled profiled steel decks exerts a strong influence on the dominant buckling mode of the flange. The ability of the deck to provide both high load carrying capacity before the onset of elastic buckling and a high ultimate load capacity may therefore be affected. A programme of tests to determine the effectiveness of intermediate stiffeners in controlling buckling modes has been undertaken. A series of specimens were loaded in pure bending resulting in various buckling waveforms prior to ultimate failure through a plastic collapse mechanism. All specimens were …

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Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features, J. Rhodes Oct 1992

Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of members composed of unstiffened elements is examined with reference to three different sets of test results, on angle section struts, Tee section beams and shallow Vee section beams. The test results are explained on the basis of fairly simple analysis, and the variations of the behaviour from that predicted by modem design codes is discussed.

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Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Oct 1992

Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A comprehensive experimental study of the tension strength of arc spot weld connections, that affix a cold-formed steel roof deck to its support member, was conducted. Based on the experimental results obtained from over 260 connection tests, equations have been developed that predict the tension capacity of an arc spot weld connection. These equations are easily applied, and lend themselves to use by structural designers.

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Activities Of The Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube Oct 1992

Activities Of The Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures was established at the University of Missouri-Rolla in May 1990 under the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute and the University of Missouri-Rolla. This paper summarizes the activities performed at the Center during the past two years.

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Education In Cold-Formed Steel Structures - Lifelong Learning, Albert L. Johnson Oct 1992

Education In Cold-Formed Steel Structures - Lifelong Learning, Albert L. Johnson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

What is the system we're dealing with? Who's in the audience? What is the information we need? How do we package it? How is it delivered? How do we know if we've done a good job?

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Experimental Investigations Of I-Beams, Shang-Jian Chen, Shan-Feng Fang Oct 1992

Experimental Investigations Of I-Beams, Shang-Jian Chen, Shan-Feng Fang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

I - beams made of cold - formed thin - walled channels, back to back, can be connected by resistance spot welding or arc-welding. Both stability and ultimate strength of these beams are different for welding method. The stability can be increased provided several battens are attached on the open sections of these beams.

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Flexural Capacity Of Discretely Braced C'S And Z'S, Thomas Sputo, Jack Haynes, Duane S. Ellifritt Oct 1992

Flexural Capacity Of Discretely Braced C'S And Z'S, Thomas Sputo, Jack Haynes, Duane S. Ellifritt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The American Iron and Steel Institute's Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (1) presently requires that channel and zee flexural members, when not attached to sheathing, be braced against twist and lateral translation at the quarter-points of the span (Section D3.2.2). This provision first appeared in the Second Edition of the Specification in 1956, and has been there through all succeeding editions up through the 1989 Addendum. The newest formula for lateral buckling (part (a) of C3.1.2) is a more exact procedure for calculating lateral torsional buckling of a doubly, singly, or point symmetrical section than was …

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Lateral Buckling Of Singly Symmetric Beams, Teoman Pekoz Oct 1992

Lateral Buckling Of Singly Symmetric Beams, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

General solutions for the elastic lateral buckling moment of singly symmetric sections are studied. The studies include the effect of the location of the load on the section as well as the effect of moment gradients on the lateral buckling moment. Design provisions are outlined for the case of moment gradients.

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Tests Of Continuous Purlins Under Downwards Loading, Michael Celeban, Chris Healy, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1992

Tests Of Continuous Purlins Under Downwards Loading, Michael Celeban, Chris Healy, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper describes a test program on purlin-sheeting systems for which the sheeting was screw fastened to the purlins. The test program simulates downwards loading. Z-section purlins were tested in three span continuous lapped configurations. The test purlins were supported by a range of bridging (bracing) members ranging from no bracing to one brace per span. The test results are compared with the design values computed using the Australian Cold-Formed Steel Structures Standard (AS1538-1988). The Australian Standard design is based on a flexural-torsional buckling analysis which may include the restraint from attached sheeting.

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The Buckling Behaviour Of Hollow Flange Beams, Mahen Mahendran, T. J. Heidt Oct 1992

The Buckling Behaviour Of Hollow Flange Beams, Mahen Mahendran, T. J. Heidt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new cold formed structural section known as the hollow flange beam is currently under development in Australia. This section will have many applications, particularly in portal frame buildings. This paper discusses the lateral distortional buckling behaviour of the hollow flange beam.

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Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Design And Construction, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube Oct 1992

Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Design And Construction, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features - Tests of Profiled Steel Decks with V-Stiffeners - Bending Strength of Beams with Non-Linear Analysis - Local and Distortional Buckling of Thin-Walled Beams - Design of C-Sections Against Deformational Lip Buckling - Lateral Buckling of Singly Symmetric Beams - Flexural Capacity of Discretely Braced C's and Z's - The Buckling Behaviour of Hollow Flange Beams - Experimental Investigations of I-Beams - Tests of Continuous Purlins Under Downwards Loading - Tests of Full-Scale Roofing Systems - Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load - On Design of Profiled Sheets with Varying Cross Sections - Properties …

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Prediction Of Corner Mechanical Properties For Stainless Steels Due To Cold Forming, P. Van Der Merwe, G. J. Van Den Berg Oct 1992

Prediction Of Corner Mechanical Properties For Stainless Steels Due To Cold Forming, P. Van Der Merwe, G. J. Van Den Berg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The results of a study of the degree of workhardening on stainless steel Types 304, 409, 430 and Type 3CR12 corrosion resisting steel due to cold work of forming are presented in this paper. Analytical inelastic stress-strain relationships are established for virgin tensile specimens. An equation for predicting the yield strength of comers are developed.

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Stainless Steel Tubular Beams - Tests And Design, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen Oct 1992

Stainless Steel Tubular Beams - Tests And Design, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper presents tests on square and circular stainless steel tubular beams. An important part of the test programme was to quantify the increase in bending strength resulting from cold-work during the fabrication process. Tension and compression tests on coupons cut from finished tubes were also included in the test programme. Stress-strain curves for shear were obtained using the coupon test results and the concept of affinity factors. A design method is proposed for stainless steel tubular beams. The method incorporates the increase in strength produced by the cold-rolling process and is validated by comparing it to the test strengths. …

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The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Lipped Channel Beams, P. Van Der Merwe, P. J. Bredenkamp, G. J. Van Den Berg Oct 1992

The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Lipped Channel Beams, P. Van Der Merwe, P. J. Bredenkamp, G. J. Van Den Berg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The findings of an investigation into the lateral buckling strength of cold-formed singly-symmetric stainless steel beams are reported in this study. The singly-symmetric sections under consideration were lipped channel sections fabricated from a modified AISI stainless steel Type 409 designated 3CR12, a ferritic corrosion resisting steel. The purpose of this study was to compare the experimental strengths of singly-symmetric sections to the theoretical predictions proposed by the new ASCE Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members. It was concluded in this investigation that the tangent modulus approach adopted in the design specification for stainless steels, compared well …

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Influence Of Deformed Metal Decking Composite Floors To Beam-Column Connections, Y. Xiao, D. A. Nethercot, B. S. Choo Oct 1992

Influence Of Deformed Metal Decking Composite Floors To Beam-Column Connections, Y. Xiao, D. A. Nethercot, B. S. Choo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A series of tests designed to investigate the interaction of a variety of different steel beam to column connection details with a composite metal deck floor is described. The main emphasis is on assessing the connections' moment capacity, rotational stiffness and rotation capacity. The full details of the experimental behaviour of the flush end plate and partial depth end plate connections will be described in this paper. A simple method for moment capacity calculation based on the test results is proposed herein.

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Testing And Design Of Bolted Connections In Cold Formed Steel Sections, F. Zadanfarrokh, E. R. Bryan Oct 1992

Testing And Design Of Bolted Connections In Cold Formed Steel Sections, F. Zadanfarrokh, E. R. Bryan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A detailed analysis of the strength and rigidity of bolted connections in cold formed steel has been carried out. Design expressions are proposed that improve on the existing equations for bearing strength, and for the first time, quantify the rigidity of such connections. The effects on the design of bolted joints are described and it is shown how, by incorporating the proposed expressions, it is now possible to select the correct semirigid joint and achieve economy without having to resort to testing.

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The Bi-Axial Behaviour Of Shear Connectors In Composite Slabs And Beams, Chris T. Duffy, David O'Leary, Michel Montourcy Oct 1992

The Bi-Axial Behaviour Of Shear Connectors In Composite Slabs And Beams, Chris T. Duffy, David O'Leary, Michel Montourcy

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The use of composite beams which utilise steel beams together with a composite steel sheet/concrete floor slab is well developed. Many forms of steel profile are used and the form of attachment to the steel beam is generally by welded shear studs or shot-fired shear connectors. The design procedures for these beams require a knowledge of the shear capacity of the connectors which may be influenced by the type of profile being used for the beam. This shear capacity is often deduced from information obtained from standard push-off tests which mayor may not include in the test set-up the actual …

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