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Articles 5431 - 5460 of 7869

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui Jun 1993

Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper introduces case histories of poor quality contingency of foundation soil improvement of 50,000 kiloliters oil storage tanks. Inhomogeneity of soft and hard soil layers in oil tank area, and in the process of construction, effective improvement measures had not been taken, and this produced bad effects to oil tank.

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Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu Jun 1993

Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Presented in this paper is the summary of two case histories using alkali liquid method to reinforce collapsible Loess ground. One is the ground treatment of administration building which was not in a position of normal service because of the unequal settlement of the ground caused by collapsibility; the other is the ground improvement of the office building of a hospital before construction. The test to examine reinforcing effects is held one month after ground stabilization. It is learned from the test results that the soil compressibility characteristics within the treated aera has been changed from high grade to medium …

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Performance Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Improvement Of Malaysian Soft Marine Clay, F. Haji Ali, B. Kim Huat Jun 1993

Performance Of Prefabricated Vertical Drains In Improvement Of Malaysian Soft Marine Clay, F. Haji Ali, B. Kim Huat

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In Malaysia, an increasing need has developed for various types of construction on sites underlain by soft cohesive soil. The use of vertical drains in conjunction with preloading is one of widely used methods to improve the geotechnical properties of the soft soil. This is due to its relatively cheap cost and availability of drains as well as the practical ease of application. This paper presents a number of high quality case studies which had been carried out to study the effectiveness of the vertical drains. The results of the studies are presented and discussed. The performance as well as …

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Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu Jun 1993

Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Development over the last 10 years of The Waterways - a 180-acre (73-ha) planned community in North Miami Beach, Florida has advanced the knowledge of constructing low-rise structures and infrastructure over preloaded organic soils, and of supporting high-rise towers on shallow foundations over precompressed loose sand. The experience gained from this project indicates a preconsolidation ratio between 1.7 and 2.0 is appropriate for the preloading of organic soils, and a preload about two times the weight of a high-rise tower is appropriate for precompressing the loose sand. The successful foundation performance of this major development demonstrates that preloading is a …

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Port Of Wilmington Terminal Soil Improvement, James F. Cloonana Jun 1993

Port Of Wilmington Terminal Soil Improvement, James F. Cloonana

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and construction of the Chiquita Brands maintenance facility over deep soft compressible river silts presented numerous challenges which necessitated innovative engineering solutions. Selection of a suitable building foundation system required the owner to assess both the costs and risks associated with the alternatives. The facility was designed to allow vertical settlement while minimizing operational constraints. This paper presents a case history of the use of strip drain/surcharge soil stabilization and a shallow mat foundation system as a successful cost efficient alternative to traditional deep foundation design. Engineering monitoring and consultation during the strip drain installation, soil surcharge period …

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Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements Jun 1993

Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history is presented where stone columns were used as a deep compaction method to increase the liquefaction resistance of stratified silty soils. Standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) resistances were used to evaluate the pre-treatment site conditions and post-treatment effects of deep compaction using stone columns. The results of the deep compaction are presented with predicted penetration resistances required to reduce the potential for liquefaction. Limitations of conventional liquefaction analysis in silty soils are discussed with regard to SPT-CPT correlations established for the site, cyclic simple shear tests performed on silts, and corrections to SPT …

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Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin Jun 1993

Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft clays is a cost effective alternative to the use of pile foundations. This paper presents a case history of using wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of a 5. 7 acre area in Metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Boston Blue Clay was encountered approximately 25 to 40 ft below existing grade with varied thickness and consistency. Wick drains were installed to a depth of 70 ft in a triangular pattern. Geotechnical instruments were installed to monitor the settlement of clay with time. As a result of the preconsolidation program, about …

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The Compaction Effects Of Vibroflotation Method On A Weak And Liquefiable Silt, K. Chen, H. Liu Jun 1993

The Compaction Effects Of Vibroflotation Method On A Weak And Liquefiable Silt, K. Chen, H. Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vibroflotation method has been used to improve sandy soils, especially to eliminate soil liquefaction in earthquake region. However, some arguments still exist about the effectiveness of this method in treating liquefiable silt. This paper presents an example of the application of this method to a very loose and highly potentially liquefiable silt. Along with the soil treatment construction, a series of in-situ testing were conducted. The tests showed that the silt has been improved significantly, together with the gravel piles, forming the composite foundation, and can bear both static loads from weight of structure and dynamic load from the earthquake.

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Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic Jun 1993

Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The cylindrical ground anchors has gained wide acceptance as an economical and highly versatile anchoring method over the past decade, particularly due to fast and simple performance by using the soil/rock boring and grouting procedure. However, these cylindrical anchors reach very low bearing capacities when they are performed in such a soil as a clay, silt or sand. The paper is concerning with the set of data and results which are collected after the in situ investigations of some 30 short vertical anchors installed in clay and in silty sand, as well. The bearing capacity of cylindrical and spherical anchors …

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Dynamic Compaction Using Select Fill Displacement Methods, Jean C. Dumas, Nelson F. Beaton, Jean-François Morel Jun 1993

Dynamic Compaction Using Select Fill Displacement Methods, Jean C. Dumas, Nelson F. Beaton, Jean-François Morel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Since its development as a full-fledged soil compaction technique by Louis Menard in the late 1960s, the Dynamic Compaction method has evolved considerably and has become an increasingly efficient ground improvement system. Among the special techniques borne out of this evolution is the use of Dynamic Compaction to create large-diameter columns using select granular material. This method serves to not only provide increased support and better distribution of imposed loads through the columns themselves, but also augments the capability of the process in improving the host soils to a depth and degree not possible using conventional DC methods. Three case …

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Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri Jun 1993

Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vast areas of Deposits of Soft clays and loose sands is a common occurrence generally in all the countries particularly in the Coastal towns of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. The utility of these deposits for founding structures becomes vital in view of the enormous land cost and their existence in developed areas. The structures resting on these deposits will be subjected to many problems as these deposits possess very low insitu strength. Appropriate ground improvement technique, supported by quality assurance tests after implementation of technique in the field will be a better solution in problematic soils. The paper …

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Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh Jun 1993

Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Irrigation water is made available to the farmers by means of construction of a dam/weir and a canal system taking off from the reservoir impounded behind the dam. This water is therefore very precious. If the canal system is not lined, about 25 to 30 per cent of water released in the canal is lost by way of seepage through canals. Canals should therefore be lined not only to save this water but also to irrigate additional area. A pilot project of providing such lining on experimental basis was taken up for the first time in India by Irrigation Department …

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Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye Jun 1993

Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two SPTs and two CPTs for ground before and after stabilization, three static loading tests for the stabilized ground with stone columns were performed. It was found that stone columns strengthened the resistance to seismic liquefaction of a saturated clayey silt layer and increased the ground bearing capacity two times. From a water preloading test of an oil tank on the improved ground it was obtained that stone columns not only decreased the total and differential settlement of the tank but also speeded the consolidation rate of the ground. Stone columns also reduced the initial excess pore water pressures developed …

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Distress — Cause And Effect: A Diagnostic Study, K. Madhavan, R. Janardhanam Jun 1993

Distress — Cause And Effect: A Diagnostic Study, K. Madhavan, R. Janardhanam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Detailed site investigation, rigorous analysis and smart design of any engineering project prove to offer a successful product provided Quality Control and Quality Assurance are enforced during the construction phase. Failure to comply with QA/QC led to premature distress and extensive damage. A typical case, where negligence to address extenuating problems that arose during the construction stage resulted in severe damage is investigated and reported. Post-construction diagnostic study to unravel the cause and effect is presented.

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Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao Jun 1993

Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A section of a highway carrying heavy traffic was located on fill of height ranging from 2-3m. The total thickness of the pavement was of the order of 550mrn and consisted of bituminous surfacing, granular base and sub base. Although the expected life of the pavement was ten years, severe distress including transverse deformations and cracking of the pavement was experienced within one year after traffic started plying on this section. However, the adjoining stretch, built at the same time, continued to perform satisfactorily. A study consisting of comprehensive testing program was taken up to establish the causes of distress. …

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General Report Session No. 8 & 9: Forensic Engineering — "Where Things Went Wrong". Geo-Economy-Adequate Geotechnical Solution, Allen W. Hatheway, John Brodie, Larry P. Jedele Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 8 & 9: Forensic Engineering — "Where Things Went Wrong". Geo-Economy-Adequate Geotechnical Solution, Allen W. Hatheway, John Brodie, Larry P. Jedele

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam Jun 1993

Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An outburst of warm springs together with the development of an extensive area of high pore-water pressures occurred during the first filling of the 50m high earth and rock fill Itezhitezhi Dam on the Kafue River in Zambia. These and other unanticipated events led to extensive geological and hydrogeological investigations that resulted in the implementation of unusual remedial measures. The remedial work was completed before the reservoir reached its full supply level. The dam has since performed successfully. The problems are reviewed in terms of the significance of the site geology. The hydrogeologic problems were found to be caused by …

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Geotechnical Problems In The Construction Of Underground Structures, E. Padilla Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems In The Construction Of Underground Structures, E. Padilla

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes, one of the typical cases in the construction of subterrain works in the city of Guadalajara , Jalisco; México; placed in a big landfill of pyroclastic materials, that are good aquifers that is why in the subsoil exists important hydrological resources and is the reason that when digging underground structures that exceed the groundwater level there were a lot of problems. The case presented is of one of the stretches of the tunnel for the urban electric train, that since its construction had failures; these are analyzed, the solutions implemented are described , and the behavior of …

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Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu Jun 1993

Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Investigation of collapse of a five storey residential building in Calcutta is described. The failure occurred soon after construction but, fortunately, before occupation. Detailed soil investigation revealed that a bowl-shaped depression, 5. 5 m deep, existed in the collapsed building area which was subsequently filled up. The foundation raft was placed 5.325 m below ground level and the subsequent filling put an overburden pressure of varying magnitude resulting in non-uniform pressure on the subsoil. This was apparently not considered in design. Factor of safety was found to be low against bearing capacity failure and the building tilted towards the heavier …

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Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner Jun 1993

Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Settlement of a new reinforced concrete channel and related pipes was creatively underpinned and raised utilizing steel mini piles and compaction grout pile elements. The conditions that may have caused the settlement are systematically reviewed and details of construction are presented.

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Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings Jun 1993

Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A combined theoretical, deterministic, and probabilistic analysis was applied to a site in Nevada for the purpose of defining the potential for fault rupture through alluvium under a proposed facility. A theoretical model using Theory of Plasticity was used to define the stress trajectories from fault displacement in bedrock through alluvium. A deterministic analysis was used to determine earthquake recurrence and expected magnitudes. A combined total and compound probabilistic analysis was used to assess the likelihood of fault displacement under the facility. The results of these complementary analyses indicated a very low likelihood of fault rupture during the life expectancy …

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Use Of Geotechnical Design Summary Report As A Management Tool For Resolving Disputes On Underground Construction Projects, B. M. Ghadiali, T. P. Smirnoff, K. N. Murthy Jun 1993

Use Of Geotechnical Design Summary Report As A Management Tool For Resolving Disputes On Underground Construction Projects, B. M. Ghadiali, T. P. Smirnoff, K. N. Murthy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Los Angeles Metro Rail Subway project is initially planned for 30 km (18 mi) of twin, 6-m (20-ft) diameter bored tunnels under city streets and a total of 16 stations. This paper describes briefly the history of the project, the geologic setting, and the challenges encountered during design or anticipated during construction. It also introduces, as part of contract documentation, an interpretive geotechnical baseline report which establishes the basis for identification and recognition of site condition "baselines". In so doing, this report (known as a "GDSR") has proven to be an effective tool for ameliorating contractual problems and facilitating …

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Performance Evaluation Of A Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Pavement Capping A Hazardous Waste Site, John W. Anthony, Robert J. Sterrett, Greg Shepherd Jun 1993

Performance Evaluation Of A Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Pavement Capping A Hazardous Waste Site, John W. Anthony, Robert J. Sterrett, Greg Shepherd

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Hydrologic Consultants, Inc. was contracted to undertake the closure of a former pesticide facility. While pesticide compounds were present on the site, they were located primarily in the top two feet of soil. Five remedial action alternatives for the site were reviewed; the remedial action selected was to cap the site. Because of the expense of obtaining clay in sufficient quantities, a less costly alternative to clay was adopted: a high-bitumen-content hydraulic asphalt concrete (HAC) pavement. For preliminary design purposes, a performance assessment was conducted utilizing the Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model to compare the relative performance of …

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Remediation Of Contaminated Sites — Case Histories, D. D. Genske, H. Klapperich, P. Noll Jun 1993

Remediation Of Contaminated Sites — Case Histories, D. D. Genske, H. Klapperich, P. Noll

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper, two major remediation projects located in the German Ruhr District will be introduced. The key to an effective land re-utilization plan is a harmonized management of ground investigation, risk assessment and clean-up strategies. Geotechnical and hydrogeological techniques, as well as economical risks involved in the recycling of industrial wasteland will be discussed. Criteria which led to the acceptance of certain remediation techniques will be reflected and their validity will be examined. It will be analyzed whether the projected performance objectives have been met and the demands of both, the investors and the environmental protection agencies have been …

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Discussions And Replies Session 11, Karen Brakefield, Aswath V. Rao, Dieter Genske Jun 1993

Discussions And Replies Session 11, Karen Brakefield, Aswath V. Rao, Dieter Genske

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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General Report Session No. 10, 11 And 12: Case Histories Of Geotechnical And Hydrological Management And Remediation Of Solid, Hazardous And Low-Level Radioactive Wastes, Hari D. Sharma Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 10, 11 And 12: Case Histories Of Geotechnical And Hydrological Management And Remediation Of Solid, Hazardous And Low-Level Radioactive Wastes, Hari D. Sharma

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Use Of Low Plasticity For Soil Liners And Covers, Clifford C. Knitter, K. G. Haskell, M. L. Peterson Jun 1993

Use Of Low Plasticity For Soil Liners And Covers, Clifford C. Knitter, K. G. Haskell, M. L. Peterson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Loess, which consists predominantly of low plasticity to non-plastic silt (PI≤10) with varying amounts of sand and clay-sized (- 5 microns) material, covers much of north-central Oregon and eastern Washington. Several landfills operate in this area. Because of the lack of clayey soils and clayey bedrock in the region, loess was proposed for use as the low permeability soil barrier layer. Laboratory testing and large-scale field tests of test fills using SDRI's have shown that the remolded permeability of the loess is related to grain-size, soil gradation, and the percent saturation of the placed soil. We had an approximately 1:1 …

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An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure Jun 1993

An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat, it is known that the behavior can not be sufficiently explained by Terzaghi theory. In this study, based on the fact that the pore of fibrous peat consists of macro (outer) pore between organic bodies and micro (inner) pore inside organic bodies, an approximate analytical method for one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat is presented. The macro pore consolidation (MAC) resulting from dewatering from the macro pore begins in the first place and the peat collapses to a new void ratio. At the same time, the micro pore consolidation (MIC) resulting from dewatering from the …

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Deteriorated Concrete Foundation On The Gulf Coast, W. Akili, M. H. El-Haddad Jun 1993

Deteriorated Concrete Foundation On The Gulf Coast, W. Akili, M. H. El-Haddad

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An investigation into the deteriorated condition of a concrete mat foundation under saline water table on a coastal sabkha sand in Qatar, the Arabian Gulf coast, was undertaken. The investigation aided by visual examination, testing (destructive and non-destructive), analysis and consideration of different soil-structure interaction schemes resulted in re-approval of the foundation from a structural integrity point of view; however its water tightness role was judged inadequate and required remedial works. Options for repair of the foundation were examined and proposed. To safeguard against the adverse effects of salts on foundation concrete, appropriate design and construction measures are required.

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Effective Stress Method For Piezocone Evaluation Of SU, P. W. Mayne, B. S. Chen Jun 1993

Effective Stress Method For Piezocone Evaluation Of SU, P. W. Mayne, B. S. Chen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A simple piezocone model combines spherical cavity expansion theory and modified Cam Clay concepts to represent both the corrected cone tip resistance (qT) and penetration pore water pressure measured behind the tip (ubt). In closed form, the undrained shear strength (su) is shown to be a function of the effective friction angle (φ'), the plastic volumetric strain ratio (Λ), and the piezocone parameter (qT− ubt)· Parametric studies show that the model is relatively insensitive to variations in φ' and Λ, thereby simplifying its form for practical use. The method is …

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