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Articles 4801 - 4830 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Buckling Experiments On Hollow Flange Beams With Web Stiffeners, Mahen Mahendran, P. Avery Oct 1996

Buckling Experiments On Hollow Flange Beams With Web Stiffeners, Mahen Mahendran, P. Avery

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new cold-formed and resistance welded section known as the Hollow Flange Beam (HFB) has been developed recently in Australia. In contrast to the common lateral torsional buckling mode of I-beams, this unique section comprising two stiff triangular flanges and a slender web is susceptible to a lateral distortional buckling mode of failure involving lateral deflection, twist and cross-section change due to web distortion. This lateral distortional buckling behaviour has been shown to cause significant reduction of the available flexural strength of HFBs. An investigation using finite element analyses and large scale experiments was carried out into the use of …

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Deflection Design Of Cold-Formed Rhs Steel Beams, Xiao-Ling Zhao, Kwong-Ping Kiew Oct 1996

Deflection Design Of Cold-Formed Rhs Steel Beams, Xiao-Ling Zhao, Kwong-Ping Kiew

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The moment-deflection results of cold-formed RHS (rectangular hollow section) steel beams are examined. A simple design approach is proposed to account for the effect that material nonlinearity has on deflection. A general expression is also derived to predict the deflection of cold-formed RHS steel beams.

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Determination Of Purlin R-Factors Using A Non-Linear Analysis, Catherine J. Rousch, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1996

Determination Of Purlin R-Factors Using A Non-Linear Analysis, Catherine J. Rousch, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In both Australia and the U.S.A., the design procedure for purlins under wind uplift loading is based on the use of reduction factors (R-factors), which allow for the flexural-torsional or nonlinear twisting behaviour of purlins with screw-fastened sheeting. To date, all R-factors have been determined by testing. However, in the future it may be more efficient to obtain R-factors from numerical models to minimise testing. This paper shows how a numerical model of the twisting behaviour of channel and Z-section purlins can be used to generate R-factors. Comparisons between experimentally determined and numerically based R-factors are made.

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Experimental Research On The Behaviour Of Combined Web Crippling And Bending Of Steel Deck Sections, J. G. M. Kerstens, H. H. Snijder, Monique Bakker, H. Hofmeyer Oct 1996

Experimental Research On The Behaviour Of Combined Web Crippling And Bending Of Steel Deck Sections, J. G. M. Kerstens, H. H. Snijder, Monique Bakker, H. Hofmeyer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

At an interior support, sections of cold-formed steel are subjected to a concentrated load and a bending moment Existing design rules describing the section failure at an interior support are subject to improvement and are not based on the section's physical failure behaviour. In the last decade, several analytical models have been developed that predict the section ultimate concentrated load and directly include the influence of the bending moment, so that an empirical interaction method is not needed. However, the authors believe that these models are correct only for a concentrated load and a small bending moment In practice large …

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Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Panels Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel, Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube Oct 1996

Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Panels Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel, Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel decks made of the Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 steel (formerly ASTM A446 Grade E steel) are currently designed according to the AlSI specification, using 75% of the specified minimum yield strength of the steel or 60 ksi (413.7 MPa), whichever is less, due to the lack of ductility of the steel. To further evaluate the flexural strength of the cold-formed steel decks using such a steel, a total of seventy-two deck panels with hat-shaped sections were designed and tested under simply supported and two-point loading condition. The test results indicated that for the panel specimens with …

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Dynamic Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Framed Shear Walls, Reynaud Serrette, Georgi Hall, Hoang Nguyen Oct 1996

Dynamic Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Framed Shear Walls, Reynaud Serrette, Georgi Hall, Hoang Nguyen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The results of a series of reversed cyclic 4 ft. x 8 ft. (length x height) 15/32-in. plywood and 7/16-in. oriented strand board (OSB) shear wall tests are presented in this paper. The walls were framed with C-shaped 3-1/2 in. 20 gauge (0.036 in.) studs at 24 in. on center. Each wall was subjected to a sequential phase displacement time history at a frequency of 0.67 Hz. Performance of the wall was shown to depend on the type of sheathing material, the strength of the chord studs, and the screw fastener schedule. Although the hysteretic loops were significantly pinched (a …

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Stability Of Standing Seam Roof - Purlin Systems, James M. Fisher, Joe N. Nunnery Oct 1996

Stability Of Standing Seam Roof - Purlin Systems, James M. Fisher, Joe N. Nunnery

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Presented in this paper are the design considerations of purlins which support standing seam roofs. To properly design purlins attached to standing seam roofs the AISI Base Test must be conducted. The AISI anchorage equations can be used for standing seam systems provided that it can be shown that the standing seam diaphragm system has sufficient stiffness to meet the requirements of the diaphragm as specified in Section D3.2.1 of the AISI Specification. The stiffness of standing seam roofs can be determined from conventional diaphragm tests. The stiffness and strength of the standing seam diaphragm can be enhanced by the …

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The Oligonucleotide Probe Database, Elizabeth Wheeler Alm, Daniel B. Oerther, N. Larsen, David A. Stahl, Lutgarde M. Raskin Oct 1996

The Oligonucleotide Probe Database, Elizabeth Wheeler Alm, Daniel B. Oerther, N. Larsen, David A. Stahl, Lutgarde M. Raskin

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Aug 1996

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

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Ccfss News August 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Aug 1996

Ccfss News August 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

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Structural Behavior Of Circular Holes In Web Elements Of Cold-Formed Steel Flexural Members Subjected To Web Crippling For End-One-Flange Loading, Craig Uphoff, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Aug 1996

Structural Behavior Of Circular Holes In Web Elements Of Cold-Formed Steel Flexural Members Subjected To Web Crippling For End-One-Flange Loading, Craig Uphoff, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

I. INTRODUCTION A. GENERAL An environmental concern regarding the use of wood being an appropriate construction material has become a contemporary issue. The depletion of forests, caused not only by the building construction industry, but also by natural disasters such as forest fires, has raised many questions about the conservation of the environment. Trees are being replanted in an effort to make up for the loss, but trees take many years to mature. Therefore, in an attempt to improve the environment and the feasibility of building construction, alternative materials for residential construction are being investigated. One material that is being …

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Behavior Of Compression Web Members In Cold-Formed Steel Truss Assemblies, Jerome A. Riemann, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Aug 1996

Behavior Of Compression Web Members In Cold-Formed Steel Truss Assemblies, Jerome A. Riemann, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE To aid in adapting cold-formed steel to the residential market, a research project was initiated in 1993 at the University of Missouri-Rolla. Design issues relating to the use of cold-formed steel members and connections in residential roof truss systems have been the focus of the project. The purpose of this research was to study the behavior of cold-formed steel roof truss systems and to establish appropriate design recommendations. Overall, the research findings were intended to aid the promotion of cold-formed steel as a safe, serviceable, and cost effective alternative in residential construction. The First Summary Report was issued in …

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Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Web Elements With Web Openings Subjected To Web Crippling And A Combination Of Bending And Web Crippling For Interior-One-Flange Loading, Sameer U. Deshmukh, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Aug 1996

Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Web Elements With Web Openings Subjected To Web Crippling And A Combination Of Bending And Web Crippling For Interior-One-Flange Loading, Sameer U. Deshmukh, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION A. GENERAL Conservation is becoming more prevalent in our society as it is a necessity to protect our environment and ensure our future. Recently, this growing environmental awareness has created concerns regarding the use of wood as an appropriate construction material. In addition, economic and safety concerns are pressuring the competitiveness of the wood industry. Timber prices have risen sharply as the result of a supply and demand crisis. Also, the recent devastation to wood structures by storms have led to the adoption of building codes which require engineered residential construction to minimize safety concerns. To improve the feasibility …

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A New Chip-Set For Astra Digital Radio, Werner Bradinal, Christoph Moeller, Timothy A. Philpot, Mike Rose Jun 1996

A New Chip-Set For Astra Digital Radio, Werner Bradinal, Christoph Moeller, Timothy A. Philpot, Mike Rose

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This chip-set provides the channel and source decoding functions for ASTRA Digital Radio (ADR) receivers. An overview of the system is given together with a summary of the main features of the ICs. The chip-set offers a flexible, but optimum solution to meet the requirements for low cost consumer sets.

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Shear Wall Design Guide, Steel In Residential Construction Advisory Group May 1996

Shear Wall Design Guide, Steel In Residential Construction Advisory Group

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, Hoang Nguyen, Hall Georgi, Reynaud Serrette Feb 1996

Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, Hoang Nguyen, Hall Georgi, Reynaud Serrette

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The purpose of this experimental research program was to investigate the behavior of light gauge steel framed shear walls sheathed with plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and gypsum wallboard (GWB). To accomplish this a total of 48 tests were completed, 42 of which are reported here. Toe overall scope of the program is described in the following section.

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Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Feb 1996

Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

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Ccfss News February 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Feb 1996

Ccfss News February 1996, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

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Nonlinear Lateral Pile Deflection Prediction In Sands, Shamsher Prakash, Sanjeev Kumar Feb 1996

Nonlinear Lateral Pile Deflection Prediction In Sands, Shamsher Prakash, Sanjeev Kumar

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method has been developed to predict the load-displacement relationship for single piles subjected to lateral load, embedded in sands, considering soil nonlinearity using subgrade reaction. This is the first systematic study to develop lateral load-deflection curves using modulus degradation with strain. Based on the analysis of 14 full-scale lateral pile-load tests, an empirical equation of modulus degradation with strain and a range of k hmax values, i.e., k h at 0.002 strain at 1 m (3.28 ft) depth, has also been proposed. An example problem is included to demonstrate its use. Based on this method, the computed load deflections …

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Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, American Iron And Steel Institute Jan 1996

Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron And Steel Institute Jan 1996

Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Multiobjective Optimization Of Structures With And Without Control, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li Jan 1996

Multiobjective Optimization Of Structures With And Without Control, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A multiobjective optimization algorithm is introduced, and the effect of different objective functions on structural design is investigated. The basic idea of this approach is to support the decisionmaker by directly selecting the best compromise solution from the Pareto optimal solutions. A payoff matrix is first constructed by optimizing each objective function subject to the given constraints; a substitute function is then formed. Under the original constraint conditions, maximizing the substitute function gives the best compromise solution. This research shows that multiobjective optimization should be carried out to obtain a rational structural design. Two structural optimal design examples - one …

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Computer Simulations Versus Real Experiments In A Portable Structural Mechanics Laboratory, Richard A. Behr Jan 1996

Computer Simulations Versus Real Experiments In A Portable Structural Mechanics Laboratory, Richard A. Behr

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Efforts are being made to develop practical and effective innovations for undergraduate engineering teaching laboratories. The 'ANEX' process, in which computer simulations are compared in nearly real time with physical measurements made on bench-scale model experiments, is now being used successfully in an introductory structural analysis course. ANEX is described, as well as current plans to develop software simulation modules and matched, bench-scale model experiments for new 'MECH-ANEX' laboratory applications in lower-division statics and mechanics of materials courses. The ANEX process could also be adapted to undergraduate laboratory applications in a wider range of engineering and science disciplines.

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Phytoremediation: Plant Uptake Of Atrazine And Role Of Root Exudates, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Jerald L. Schnoor Jan 1996

Phytoremediation: Plant Uptake Of Atrazine And Role Of Root Exudates, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Phytoremediation is an Emerging Technology for Degradation of Organic Chemicals. the Potential of Phytoremediation in the Cleanup of Contaminated Sites and Prevention of Non-Point-Source Pollution Was Examined with the Pesticide Atrazine in Two Experimental Systems. Uptake Was Determined in Batch Experiments with 14C Ring-Labeled Atrazine and Hybrid Poplar Trees Grown in Two Soil Types. Mineralization Was Studied Utilizing Soil Microcosms with the Addition of Root Exudates. Results Indicate that Poplar Cuttings Were Able to Uptake the Majority of Applied Atrazine that Was Not Tightly Sorbed to the Organic Fraction of the Soil, with No Detectable Adverse Effects to the Trees. …

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Behavior Of Low Ductility Steels In Cold-Formed Steel Connections, S. Seleim, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1996

Behavior Of Low Ductility Steels In Cold-Formed Steel Connections, S. Seleim, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accepted design approaches for the strength of a steel connection rely on adequate ductility of the connected parts. In cold-formed steel connection design, adequate ductility is defined by the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Members. To assess the influence of low ductility steels, i.e. steels not meeting the specification ductility requirements, single lap bolted connections were studied. The experimental study reflected key connection strength parameters: edge distance, sheet thickness, sheet width, bolt pattern, Fu/Fy, and percentage elongation. Test results indicate that failure modes in low ductility steels are inconsistent with observed failure modes in adequate ductility steels. It …

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Seismic Test Methods For Architectural Glazing Systems, Richard A. Behr, Abdeldjelil Belarbi Jan 1996

Seismic Test Methods For Architectural Glazing Systems, Richard A. Behr, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An ongoing effort is being made at the University of Missouri-Rolla to develop standard laboratory test methods and codified design procedures for architectural glass under seismic loadings. Recent laboratory work has yielded some promising results regarding the development of an appropriate seismic test method for architectural glass, as well as identifying ultimate limit states that quantify the seismic performance and damage thresholds of various glass types. Specifically, a straightforward "crescendo-like" in-plane dynamic racking test, performed at a constant frequency, has been employed successfully. Two ultimate limit states for architectural glass have been defined: (1) a lower ultimate limit state corresponding …

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On Seismic Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Yingwei Wu, Shamsher Prakash Jan 1996

On Seismic Displacements Of Rigid Retaining Walls, Yingwei Wu, Shamsher Prakash

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Rigid retaining walls experience both sliding and rocking displacement during earthquakes. Richards and Elms' (1979) method incorporates only sliding displacements in design. A realistic method of computing both sliding and rocking displacements of the walls based on nonlinear soil properties both for the base soil and backfill was developed by Rafnsson and Prakash (1994). A design procedure based on this method was then developed by Prakash. et al (1995, b). Comparisons of the displacements of typical walls by both the methods have been made. Also, typical field data from recent earthquakes has been analyzed to compare the observed displacements with …

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Bending And Shear Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings, M. Y. Shan, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu Jan 1996

Bending And Shear Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings, M. Y. Shan, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cold-formed steel C-sections are frequently used as wall studs and floor joists in both commercial and residential construction. To facilitate installation of ancillary systems such as electrical wiring and plumbing, the C-section is manufactured with a web opening. Although the opening offers construction advantages, it may degrade the structural integrity of the member. To quantify the degrading effect of a web opening, a study has been conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR). The UMR study included the loading conditions of bending, shear, web crippling, and the combinations thereof. This paper summarizes the results of an experimental study which addressed …

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Treatability Of S-Triazine Herbicide Metabolites Using Powdered Activated Carbon, Craig D. Adams, Tammy L. Watson Jan 1996

Treatability Of S-Triazine Herbicide Metabolites Using Powdered Activated Carbon, Craig D. Adams, Tammy L. Watson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Widespread use of s-triazine herbicides such as atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine has led to the contamination of many ground-water and surface-water supplies with the parent compounds as well as by primary metabolites (e.g., deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and deethylcyanazine). Ozonation has been shown to produce many of the same byproducts. Activated carbon adsorption has been designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the best available technology (BAT) for the treatment of herbicides in drinking water. Little data is available, however, on the applicability of activated carbon treatment for the control of the primary degradation products of herbicides. In this study, the …

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Performance Of Laminated Glass Units Under Simulated Windborne Debris Impacts, Richard A. Behr, Paul A. Kremer Jan 1996

Performance Of Laminated Glass Units Under Simulated Windborne Debris Impacts, Richard A. Behr, Paul A. Kremer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Severe windstorm events such as Hurricane Andrew in 1992 have underscored the vulnerability of building envelopes to breaching under the combined effects of windborne debris impacts and wind pressures. Damage to building interiors and disruption of building functions are exacerbated greatly when building envelopes are breached. When the inner glass ply in a laminated glass window unit is unbroken, the integrity of that part of the building envelope is preserved - provided that the inner glass ply has sufficient resistance to subsequent positive and negative wind pressures. In an effort to develop glazing systems that are resistant to breaching due …

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