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Articles 4321 - 4350 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Marine Geotechnics, Farrokh Nadim Mar 2001

Marine Geotechnics, Farrokh Nadim

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper makes a brief review of the state-of-the-art in marine geotechnics. The design problems for different offshore foundation types, from traditional piled and gravity base foundations to the new lightweight skirted foundation concepts, are described. Geotechnical breakthroughs have enabled new and daring constructions offshore and opened the way to cost-effective solutions. At the same time, the requirements and conditions imposed by the offshore industry also greatly contributed to an improved understanding of the behavior of soils under new loading conditions. The paper looks into the development of enhanced site investigations and soil characterization, model testing, improved design methods and …

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Recent Studies On Seismic Centrifuge Modeling Of Liquefaction And Its Effect On Deep Foundations, Ricardo Dobry, Tarek Abdoun Mar 2001

Recent Studies On Seismic Centrifuge Modeling Of Liquefaction And Its Effect On Deep Foundations, Ricardo Dobry, Tarek Abdoun

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effects of liquefaction on deep foundations are very damaging and costly, and they keep recurring in many earthquakes. The first part of the paper reviews the field experience of deep foundations affected by liquefaction during earthquakes in the last few decades, as well as the main lessons learned. The second part of the paper presents results of physical modeling of deep foundations in the presence of liquefaction conducted mostly in the U.S. and Japan in the 1990’s, with emphasis on the work done by the authors and others at the 100 g-ton RPI centrifuge. Centrifuge models of instrumented single …

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Liquefaction Of Deep Saturated Sands Under High Effective Confining Stress, R. Scott Steedman, Michael Sharp Mar 2001

Liquefaction Of Deep Saturated Sands Under High Effective Confining Stress, R. Scott Steedman, Michael Sharp

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the findings of an ongoing experimental study supported by the U.S. Army Centrifuge Research Center and Engineer Earthquake Engineering Research Program (EQEN) into the behavior of saturated sands under high initial effective confining stresses subjected to strong ground shaking. The research was conducted using the Army Centrifuge at the US. Army Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), located in Vicksburg MS, formerly known as the Waterways Experiment Station (WES). The centrifuge studies have shown that the generation of excess pore pressure is limited to a level below 100 percent for vertical effective confining stresses exceeding around 3 …

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Recent Advances In Soil Liquefaction Engineering And Seismic Site Response Evaluation, R. B. Seed, K. O. Cetin, R. E. S. Moss, A. M. Kammerer, J. Wu, J. M. Pestana, M. F. Reimer Mar 2001

Recent Advances In Soil Liquefaction Engineering And Seismic Site Response Evaluation, R. B. Seed, K. O. Cetin, R. E. S. Moss, A. M. Kammerer, J. Wu, J. M. Pestana, M. F. Reimer

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Over the past decade, major advances have occurred in both understanding and practice with regard to engineering treatment of seismic soil liquefaction and assessment of seismic site response. Seismic soil liquefaction engineering has evolved into a sub-field in its own right, and assessment and treatment of site effects affecting seismic site response has gone from a topic of controversy to a mainstream issue addressed in most modem building codes and addressed in both research and practice. This rapid evolution in the treatment of both liquefaction and site response issues has been pushed by a confluence of lessons and data provided …

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Financial Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Financial Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Seismic Soil-Footing Interaction By Large Scale Cyclic Tests And Analytical Models, Ezio Faccioli, Roberto Paolucci, Guillermo Vivero Mar 2001

Investigation Of Seismic Soil-Footing Interaction By Large Scale Cyclic Tests And Analytical Models, Ezio Faccioli, Roberto Paolucci, Guillermo Vivero

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent experimental and analytical research on seismic behavior of shallow foundations is illustrated. The most significant results on the seismic bearing capacity of footings with pseudo-static approaches are reviewed first, including an analytical formula recently proposed for the new version of the “seismic” Eurocode 8. Afterwards, we present the salient experimental results of large-scale cyclic tests of a shallow foundation model (1m x 1m in plan) resting on a large volume of sand, with relative densities 45% and 85%, discussing them in detail. Under earthquake-like cyclic loading, with peak values close to the pseudo-static failure limit, significant permanent settlement and …

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Soil-Structure Interaction Effects On Elastic And Inelastic Structures, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis Mar 2001

Soil-Structure Interaction Effects On Elastic And Inelastic Structures, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a critical assessment of the currently prevailing view of structural engineers, as expressed in seismic codes, that the role of SSI is always beneficial for the design seismic forces developing in a structure. Using recorded strong ground motions and theoretical analyses it is shown that, in certain seismic and soil environments, an increase due to SSI in the fundamental period of a moderately flexible structure may have a detrimental effect on seismic demand, contrary to the conclusion drawn on the basis of idealized (“average”) code spectra. Using a simple 2-dof system and a number of actual ground …

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Paper Review Committee, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Paper Review Committee, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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State Of The Art And Practice (Soap) And Invited Speakers, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

State Of The Art And Practice (Soap) And Invited Speakers, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Welcome Opening Ceremonies, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Welcome Opening Ceremonies, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Conference Lunches, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Conference Lunches, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Earth Pressure Acting On Embedded Footing During Soil Liquefaction By Large-Scaling Shaking Table Test, Shuji Tamura, Masanobu Miyazaki, Shunji Fujii, Tomio Tsuchiya, Kohiji Tokimatsu Mar 2001

Earth Pressure Acting On Embedded Footing During Soil Liquefaction By Large-Scaling Shaking Table Test, Shuji Tamura, Masanobu Miyazaki, Shunji Fujii, Tomio Tsuchiya, Kohiji Tokimatsu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Shaking table tests are conducted using a large-scale laminar shear box to investigate the effects of non-liquefied crust overlying liquefied soils on an embedded footing. It is shown that (1) The total earth pressure before liquefaction is induced mainly by the inertia force of the building. The shear force at the pile heads corresponds to the difference between the total earth pressure and the inertial force; (2) The total earth pressure after liquefaction is induced mainly by the soil deformation. The shear force at the pile heads car responds to the sum of the total earth pressure and the inertial …

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A Project To Study Urban Earthquake Risk Worldwide, Cynthia Cardona, Rachel Davidson, Carlos Villacís Mar 2001

A Project To Study Urban Earthquake Risk Worldwide, Cynthia Cardona, Rachel Davidson, Carlos Villacís

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In 1998, the Secretariat of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and GeoHazards International (GHI) launched the understanding Urban Seismic Risk around the World (UUSRAW) project. The 18-month project established an internet network of 74 seismically active cities worldwide to compare their earthquake hazard and to share their experiences and resources in working to reduce the impact of future earthquakes. In each city, a local scientist or municipal officer gathered the information necessary to conduct the comparative assessment using the Earthquake Disaster Risk Index (Davidson, 1997), a composite index used to assesses risk based on several factors. The …

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Effect Of Plasticity Of Soil On Seismic Response Of Pile Foundation: Parametric Study, B. K. Maheshwari, K. Z. Truman, P. L. Gould Mar 2001

Effect Of Plasticity Of Soil On Seismic Response Of Pile Foundation: Parametric Study, B. K. Maheshwari, K. Z. Truman, P. L. Gould

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Much of the reported research on the dynamic analysis of pile foundations assumes linear behavior of soil that may not be valid at strong excitations. In this paper material nonlinearity of soil caused by plasticity and work hardening is considered for the dynamic analysis of pile foundations. An advanced plasticity based soil model, HISS, is incorporated in a finite element technique. Analysis is carried out in the time domain. The algorithm is verified with available analytical results and then linear and nonlinear responses of a single end bearing pile are compared. Effects of different frequencies of excitation (harmonic) and ratio …

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Tehran Geotechnical Microzonation Project, Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mohammad Kazem Jafari Mar 2001

Tehran Geotechnical Microzonation Project, Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mohammad Kazem Jafari

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Megacity of Tehran with a population of more than 8 million is located in a very active region, both in terms of tectonic and seismicity. Due to socio-economic and political importance of Tehran, in 1994 IIEES has initiated a comprehensive geotechnical hazard study in Tehran. The geotechnical microzonation part of the program was composed of two parts: site effect and liquefaction potential microzonation. Site effect microzonation was started for south of Tehran using one dimensional site response analysis and microtremor measurement. The results of these studies were compiled and presented in three microzonation maps for south of Tehran including: natural …

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Relevance Of Some Damage Factors To Structures Damage In The 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Tamotsu Matsui, Muneki Mitamura, Toshihiko Sakagami, Fumio Shimizu, Teruyuki Hamada, Yasuo Tanaka, Seiji Suwa, Hiroshi Tsurukawa, Akira Takeishi Mar 2001

Relevance Of Some Damage Factors To Structures Damage In The 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Tamotsu Matsui, Muneki Mitamura, Toshihiko Sakagami, Fumio Shimizu, Teruyuki Hamada, Yasuo Tanaka, Seiji Suwa, Hiroshi Tsurukawa, Akira Takeishi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The 1995 Kobe Earthquake (Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake) caused a severe damage to various kinds of structures. As damage factors of these structures, the characteristics of seismic motion, distance from the earthquake source fault, ground conditions, liquefaction, and strength of structures can be considered. In this paper, paying attention to the distance from the earthquake source fault and ground conditions among them, the relevance to structures damage in wooden houses (on-ground structure) and water supply pipelines (under-ground structure) in Nishinomiya-City area was examined. As the results, the relationship between wooden houses damage and the distance from the fault can be approximately represented …

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Seismic Active Earth Pressure Considering Effect Of Strain Localization, Jian-Min Zhang, Deji Li Mar 2001

Seismic Active Earth Pressure Considering Effect Of Strain Localization, Jian-Min Zhang, Deji Li

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new method, which is based on pseudo-static and limit-equilibrium analysis, was proposed for evaluating seismic (static plus dynamic) active earth pressures induced by backfill soils behind movable rigid retaining walls. It has the advantage over the Mononobe-Okabe method since it can take into account the effects of strain localization and post-peak reduction in the shear resistance that occur in the denser backfill soil during a strong earthquake.

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A Case History On Soil And Topographic Effects In The 7th September 1999 Athens Earthquake, P. V. Kallou, G. Gazetas, P. N. Psarropoulos Mar 2001

A Case History On Soil And Topographic Effects In The 7th September 1999 Athens Earthquake, P. V. Kallou, G. Gazetas, P. N. Psarropoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Large concentration of heavy damage to residential and industrial buildings occurred in the small community of Adámes, near the banks of the Kifisos river canyon, during the 7-September- 1999 Earthquake. To explore whether the particular topographic relief and/or the actual soil profile have contributed to the observed concentration and non-uniform distribution of damage within a 300 m zone from the edge of the canyon cliff, wave propagation analyses are conducted in one and two dimensions. Soil layering and stiffnesses are determined from 10 SPT-boreholes and 4 crosshole tests. Ricker wavelets and six realistic accelerograms are used as excitation. The results …

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Seismic Response Of Submerged Cohesionless Slopes, Giovanni Biondi, Ernesto Cascone, Michele Maugeri Mar 2001

Seismic Response Of Submerged Cohesionless Slopes, Giovanni Biondi, Ernesto Cascone, Michele Maugeri

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic slope stability analysis is a topic of great interest in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering particularly in seismic area in fact the occurrence of earthquake induced landslides is documented in many recent post-earthquake damage report (Japan 1993- 199 Greece 1995, Turkey 1999). Generally saturated slopes of loose sand or silty-sand and earth dams and embankment resting on low cohesionless soil deposit are highly susceptible to liquefaction-induced damage and during strong earthquake several landslides caused soil liquefaction may occur. In this paper a numerical model to evaluate seismic response of submerged cohesionless slopes is described. Slope stability conditions are evaluated taking …

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General Report — Session 6: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading For Both Shallow And Deep Foundations, M. K. Yegian, C. Y. Chang, Chris L. Mullen, George Mylonakis Mar 2001

General Report — Session 6: Soil-Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading For Both Shallow And Deep Foundations, M. K. Yegian, C. Y. Chang, Chris L. Mullen, George Mylonakis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Some Geotechnical Aspects Of 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake, T. S. Ueng, M. L. Lin, M. H. Chen Mar 2001

Some Geotechnical Aspects Of 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake, T. S. Ueng, M. L. Lin, M. H. Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 occurred on September 21, 1999. It was the largest and most damaging earthquake in Taiwan in a century. It induced extensive geotechnical hazards including landslides, soil liquefaction, foundation failures, and ground movements in central Taiwan, and caused substantial damages to buildings, roadways, bridges, and waterfront structures. Field investigations and studies in geotechnical aspects, including landslides, soil liquefaction, foundations, retaining structures, dams and tunnels, in the affected areas were performed. The results of field explorations and laboratory tests for the study of soil liquefaction and evaluation of the secondary hazard of debris …

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Short Course On Soil Dynamics In Engineering Practice/Speakers, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Short Course On Soil Dynamics In Engineering Practice/Speakers, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Post-Strong Seismic Shaking On The Residual Strength Of Saturated Sand, Jorge F. Meneses-Loja Mar 2001

Influence Of Post-Strong Seismic Shaking On The Residual Strength Of Saturated Sand, Jorge F. Meneses-Loja

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Several actual earthquake records recently obtained are analyzed and the post-strong seismic shaking is characterized using parameters such as number of cycles and average shear stress. These parameters are integrated with laboratory test results from the Japanese standard Toyoura sand, and applied to an ideal sandy soil profile to estimate the reduction of residual strength. Different levels of strength reduction are obtained depending on the characteristics of the post-strong seismic motion and sand relative density. Steady-state concepts are shown to overestimate the residual strength of saturated sands and provide dangerous evaluation of post-seismic stability analysis.

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Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors Mar 2001

Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Prakash Award, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Prakash Award, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Natural Frequency Of Vibrating Foundations On Layered Soil System-An Experimental Investigation, D. K. Baidya, G. Muralikrishna Mar 2001

Natural Frequency Of Vibrating Foundations On Layered Soil System-An Experimental Investigation, D. K. Baidya, G. Muralikrishna

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents model block vibration tests results on two and three layered soil system underlain by rigid layer. Using sand and sawdust in different positions (either at top or at middle or at bottom) and thickness (es) inside a tank, different layered soil bed are prepared and vibration tests are conducted on each prepared bed using Lazan Type oscillator. A large number of response curves (frequency vs. amplitude) are obtained on different layered system. Maximum amplitudes (resonant amplitude) and corresponding frequencies (resonant frequency) are tabulated to study the effect of layering on resonant frequencies. Effects of position and thickness …

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Influence Of Soil Properties In Ground Seismic Response And The Definition Of Site Coeffients For Design Provisions, Gloria Estrada Mar 2001

Influence Of Soil Properties In Ground Seismic Response And The Definition Of Site Coeffients For Design Provisions, Gloria Estrada

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent earthquakes have showed the important influence of local site conditions on the characteristics of ground surface motions in the city of Medellin (Colombia). The network of accelerographs installed in this city confirmed this hypothesis, providing information about seismic response of different types of soil profiles, and showed the important role of the impedance ratio rock-soil, due to the high bedrock stiffness. The values and trends of Medellin site coefficients, defined in Provisions of Medellin Seismic Microzonation, are described and compared to those of the 1994 NEHRP, and of the 1997 Uniform Building Code Provisions, These comparisons took into account …

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Evaluation Of Site Response Using Downhole Array Data From A Liquefied Site, Zhi-Liang Wang, C.-Y. Chang, Chin Man Mok Mar 2001

Evaluation Of Site Response Using Downhole Array Data From A Liquefied Site, Zhi-Liang Wang, C.-Y. Chang, Chin Man Mok

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Downhole array ground motions recorded at Port Island during the mainshock and aftershocks of the Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995, were used in this study for evaluating the reasonableness of commonly used site response analysis techniques (both nonlinear effective stress and equivalent linear total stress techniques). The nonlinear effective stress analyses were performed using the computer code SUMDES; the equivalent linear total stress analyses were performed using the computer code SHAKE. Dynamic soil properties as well as other data for characterizing nonlinear stress-strain, cyclic strength, and pore pressure generation and dissipation of the Masado till that liquefied during …

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A Numerical Study Of Lateral Spreading Behind A Caisson Type Quay Wall, Zhaohui Yang, Ahmed Elgamal, Tarek Abdoun, Chung-Jung Lee Mar 2001

A Numerical Study Of Lateral Spreading Behind A Caisson Type Quay Wall, Zhaohui Yang, Ahmed Elgamal, Tarek Abdoun, Chung-Jung Lee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of centrifuge model tests were conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to study the seismic response of a caisson-type waterfront quay wall system, and the liquefaction and deformation characteristics of the saturated cohesionless backfill. Using a nonlinear two-phase (solid-fluid) finite element program, a numerical study of the above centrifuge tests is performed. In this paper, the centrifuge tests and formulation of the employed finite element program are briefly described, and the numerical simulation results are compared to the experimental records. It is shown that the extent of liquefaction, the deformation pattern of the soil-wall system, and the magnitude of …

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Seismic Analysis Of Bridge Abutments: A Numerical Simulation Of A Field Load Test, Liping Yan, Geoffrey R. Martin Mar 2001

Seismic Analysis Of Bridge Abutments: A Numerical Simulation Of A Field Load Test, Liping Yan, Geoffrey R. Martin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Approximate modeling of bridge abutment stiffness and capacity plays an important role in seismic analysis of bridge structures. To evaluate the characteristics of passive resistance and stiffness of bridge abutment, an experimental study was conducted at the University of California, Davis (UCD). In this study, one of the tests was a displacement controlled longitudinal cyclic loading test of a half-scale abutment (West Abutment), where the embankment was constructed from a soil known as “Yolo Loam” (a low plasticity clayey silt). The structural backfill consisted of a well graded silty sand. A thin drainage layer of pea gravel was placed between …

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