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Articles 4261 - 4290 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Dynamic Behavior Of Tropical Soils From Medllin, Colombia, Manuel R. Villarraga Mar 2001

Dynamic Behavior Of Tropical Soils From Medllin, Colombia, Manuel R. Villarraga

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Medellin City has a population of about 2,000,000 people and its area is lower than 110 km2. This city is located in the northwest of Colombia, that is in the northwest corner of South America, which is a zone with a complex tectonic environment associated to the interaction of the Naza, Suramerica and Caribe plates. The result of these conditions implies that Medellin has an intermediate seismic hazard. This city was developed on tie valley of Medellin River and his slopes, has a complex geology, which is composed by alluviums, colluviums of different ages, residual soils from igneous …

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Measurement Of Dynamic Properties Of Clay Using The Downhole Freestanding Shear Device, Michael F. Riemer, Carlton Grizzle, Osama Safaqah Mar 2001

Measurement Of Dynamic Properties Of Clay Using The Downhole Freestanding Shear Device, Michael F. Riemer, Carlton Grizzle, Osama Safaqah

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Downhole Freestanding Shear Device is a new, in situ tool for measuring the dynamic properties of cohesive soil deposits. It has been designed and developed to perform cyclic torsional shear tests on freestanding specimens beneath the bottom of a cased borehole, with the goal of measuring local strains on soil which has not been significantly disturbed by the drilling, sampling, or unloading/reloading processes associated with conventional laboratory testing. The research team has completed the device, and is now in the process of validating its performance, first in a laboratory setting. The current paper presents results from the initial tests …

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A Study Of Soil Microstructure Using Bender Element Tests, J. Abraham Díaz-Rodríguez, Pedro Moreno-Carrizales, Luis López-Flores Mar 2001

A Study Of Soil Microstructure Using Bender Element Tests, J. Abraham Díaz-Rodríguez, Pedro Moreno-Carrizales, Luis López-Flores

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An application of bender elements to measure the effect of soil microstructure in shear wave velocity is presented. A testing program was carried out on Mexico City sediments using a triaxial cell fitted with bender elements. Shear wave velocities were measured during isotropic consolidation and during failure. From the results of these tests simple expressions were obtained which describe the variations of shear wave velocity with the current state in terms of the effective stress and axial deformation.

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Degradation Characteristics Of Clay-Shale Samples Under Cyclic Loading, M. Zoghi Mar 2001

Degradation Characteristics Of Clay-Shale Samples Under Cyclic Loading, M. Zoghi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is known that reduction and degradation of soil strength and stiffness during cyclic loading typically result in damage to structural foundations and earth structures due to excessive settlement and tilting and may cause slope instability and embankment failure. Case histories, representing damages during earthquakes, due to this phenomenon are numerous. It is the guiding principle of this paper to present an overview of degradation characteristics of combined clay-shale samples under cyclic loading and describe how this phenomenon can be utilized in evaluating the seismic stability of slopes involving colluvium.

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Infrared Thermography Of Dissipation In Soil, Minh-Phong Luong Mar 2001

Infrared Thermography Of Dissipation In Soil, Minh-Phong Luong

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper introduces infrared thermography as a noncontact and non-destructive technique that conveniently offers the possibility of evaluating the energy-dissipating ability of soil, traditionally difficult to be determined using traditional techniques. It allows records and observations in real time of heat patterns produced by the dissipation of energy caused by friction between grains. Such dissipative heat occurs when soil is subjected to vibratory loading exceeding the characteristic threshold, and it evidences the distortion mechanism. This energy dissipation mechanism influences the wave speed, intergranular attenuation, and dispersion through particles contacts. The infrared thermographic technique, which couples mechanical and thermal energy, offers …

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Centrifuge Model Tests To Identify Dynamic Properties Of Dense Sand For Site Response Calculations, David Stevens, Dan Wilson, Bruce Kutter, Byoungill Kim, Ahmed Elgamal Mar 2001

Centrifuge Model Tests To Identify Dynamic Properties Of Dense Sand For Site Response Calculations, David Stevens, Dan Wilson, Bruce Kutter, Byoungill Kim, Ahmed Elgamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Four centrifuge models, tested on the large centrifuge at UC Davis, are described in this paper. These four experiments involved dense profiles of Nevada Sand (Dr = 90 to 100%) tested in two different model containers. The purpose of the experiments was to evaluate numerical site response procedures by comparison with model test data. In this paper we focus on determining basic material properties of one of the models by using in-flight measurements of shear wave velocity and calculations of stress-strain relationships using data from an extensive array of accelerometers. Shear wave velocity profiles were measured at centrifuge accelerations …

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Adjustment Method Of The Hysteresis Damping For Multiple Shear Spring Model, Osamu Ozutsumi, Susumu Iai Mar 2001

Adjustment Method Of The Hysteresis Damping For Multiple Shear Spring Model, Osamu Ozutsumi, Susumu Iai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In simulating the behavior of sandy soil under the cyclic loading condition using the multiple shear spring model, it is necessary to adjust the damping constant of the model. We describe a method for adjusting the constant in this paper. If you adopt the conventional Masing rule to decide the unloading curve of each spring, the entire damping constant of this model, which is superposition of those of all springs, would become larger than that measured in the laboratory for large strain level. Though the damping constant of each spring is controllable by amending the Masing rule, there is no …

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Probabilistic Analysis Of Wind Response Of Tall Structures Supported By Flexible Foundations, Amir M. Halabian, M. Hesham El Naggar Mar 2001

Probabilistic Analysis Of Wind Response Of Tall Structures Supported By Flexible Foundations, Amir M. Halabian, M. Hesham El Naggar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effect of soil-structure interaction on the response of structures to dynamic loads has long been recognized and the deterministic approach is usually used for its evaluation. In most soil-structure interaction analyses, the soil shear wave velocity is used to characterize the stiffness of the soil and the foundation system. In practice, the shear modulus of the soil is difficult to evaluate and the natural spatial variability and the measurement technique affect its measured value. Probabilistic concepts are used to evaluate the significant design parameters of tall structures and to examine the sensitivity of their wind response to the variation …

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A Case Study On Safe Blast Design With Vibration Analysis, Bang-Woong Shin, Woo-Seok Bae, Jong-Kyu Lee, Byung-Chul An Mar 2001

A Case Study On Safe Blast Design With Vibration Analysis, Bang-Woong Shin, Woo-Seok Bae, Jong-Kyu Lee, Byung-Chul An

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Safe delicacy blasting is necessarily to decrease safe problems resulting from blasting but if designs to consider only safety, it is a problem not to ensure economical gains because the effect of blasting is decreased. Therefore, blasting vibration must be predicted to consider given circumstances and ground conditions before blasting work, and then a design based on predicted result must be done. In this study, the testing blasting was carried out in two fields within a country, and then measured data for testing blasting were collected. The effect for blasting vibration was analyzed as the property of distance, charging gunpowder …

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Reflection And Refraction Of Quasi-P Wave Due To A Sandwich Isotropic Layer Between Two Monoclinic Half-Spaces, S. Saha, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Banerjee Mar 2001

Reflection And Refraction Of Quasi-P Wave Due To A Sandwich Isotropic Layer Between Two Monoclinic Half-Spaces, S. Saha, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Banerjee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The reflection and refraction of quasi-P(qP) wave below a transition isotropic layer sandwiched between two monoclinic media have studied. Due to incident of qP-wave at the interface of monoclinic lower half space and isotropic transition layer of thickness H, it will give rise to reflected qP, qSV, qSH-wave in the lower monoclinic half space and reflected P-wave and SV-wave at the isotropic transition layer of thickness H. As there is mother interface between transition layer and monoclinic upper-half space extended up to infinity, these two refracted P and SV-wave will incident at the interface with angle and 64 respectively. These …

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Natural Frequency Of Vertical Foundation Vibrations Evaluated From In-Situ Impact Test, Mark R. Svinkin Mar 2001

Natural Frequency Of Vertical Foundation Vibrations Evaluated From In-Situ Impact Test, Mark R. Svinkin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Local soil conditions play an important part in development of ground vibrations from machine foundations. A soil profile predominantly effects the natural frequencies of foundation vibrations. This paper presents a method for obtaining a pre-construction estimation of the natural frequency of damped vertical vibrations of foundations which will be built at a specific site for machines with dynamic loads. The method pertains principally to the relationship between foundation frequencies and the natural frequencies of the soil profiles at construction sites.

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Proposal On Non-Linear Response Analysis Method In Frequency, Susumu Nakamura, Nozomu Yoshida Mar 2001

Proposal On Non-Linear Response Analysis Method In Frequency, Susumu Nakamura, Nozomu Yoshida

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The objective of this report is to propose a non-linear response analysis method in frequency domain based on the stress and strain relationship of soil in frequency domain. First of all, a new model for the strain and frequency dependent characteristics between shear modulus and damping constant with respect to the complex shear modulus is proposed, considering the following two characteristics; One is the similarity of stress-strain relationship between time domain and frequency domain. The other one is a non-stationary characteristics in frequency domain caused by non-linearity of soil. A new non-linear dynamic response analysis method in frequency domain is …

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Numerical Simulation Of Active Fault Rupture Propagation Through Dry Soil, Dimitrios N. Loukidis, George Bouckovalas Mar 2001

Numerical Simulation Of Active Fault Rupture Propagation Through Dry Soil, Dimitrios N. Loukidis, George Bouckovalas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Numerical simulation of fault rupture propagation through dry soil was performed using the finite difference code FLAC. A Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic constitutive model with strain softening was used to simulate soil behavior. The bedrock motion, prescribed at the bottom boundary of the mesh, was based on relevant seismological theories and observations. A total of 42 parametric analyses were performed where the shear strain rate and the plastic shear strain contours were used for localizing the rupture propagation as a shear band. Parametric analyses show that results are sensitive to the assumed soil type and dilatancy angle, but not to the soil …

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Probabilistic Microzonation Of Urban Territories: A Case Of The Taipei City, Vladimir Sokolov, Chin-Hsuing Loh, Kuo-Liang Wen Mar 2001

Probabilistic Microzonation Of Urban Territories: A Case Of The Taipei City, Vladimir Sokolov, Chin-Hsuing Loh, Kuo-Liang Wen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An integrated approach for evaluating “site-dependent” seismic hazard in terms of ground-motion parameters, which are used for engineering purposes, is presented. The method is based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in terms of Fourier acceleration spectra. A scheme that allows conversion of the Uniform Hazard Fourier spectra to “hazard-compatible” peak ground acceleration (PGA), and Uniform Hazard response spectra is described. The method has been applied for preliminary probabilistic microzonation of the Taipei basin (the Taipei city). The source, path and site effects are characterized separately on the basis of the analysis of large collection of ground-motion recordings obtained since …

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Effect Of K0 On Liquefaction Strength Of Silty Sand, Shun-Ichi Sawada, Ryouichi Sakuraba, Naoki Ohmukai, Takeko Mikami Mar 2001

Effect Of K0 On Liquefaction Strength Of Silty Sand, Shun-Ichi Sawada, Ryouichi Sakuraba, Naoki Ohmukai, Takeko Mikami

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Authors measured K0-value in-situ using Self-boring lateral load tester (SBLLT) and Flat-diratometer (DMT). After that, a series of cyclic undrained torsional shear tests under the plane strain condition on anisotropically consolidated condition (K0-condition) has been performed using undisturbed tube sampling to investigate the relation between the liquefaction strength of isotropically consolidated condition (Rlisotropic) and K0-condition (RlK0). The result of these laboratory tests shows that the liquefaction strength defined as 7.5% shear strain in double amplitude of undisturbed silty sand is generally agreement between triaxial and torsional test with isotropically and …

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Seismic Analysis Using Synthetic Wave Based On The Dislocation Model To Simulate Ground Motions In The Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake 1995, Hiroyuki Kimura, Hirokazu Takemiya Mar 2001

Seismic Analysis Using Synthetic Wave Based On The Dislocation Model To Simulate Ground Motions In The Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake 1995, Hiroyuki Kimura, Hirokazu Takemiya

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Green function based on the kinematics dislocation model has been newly developed in association with the convolution scheme in time for source function and in space along rupture direction. Synthetic waves derived from this model are corresponding to the bedrock motion. The ground model is formed with 3D multi-thin layers and the soils are linear material. Inhomogeneous rupture mechanism in faults is considered in terms of multiple asperities gained from the inversion information. In the shallow soils, non-linearity governs the dynamic behavior of the ground. Waves propagate with amplifications and absorption through the soft soil according to the frequency …

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Local Site Effects Of Transient Dynamic Characteristics Of Irregularly Layered Grounds, Takashi Akiyoshi, Kunihiko Fuchida, Shozo Shirinashihama Mar 2001

Local Site Effects Of Transient Dynamic Characteristics Of Irregularly Layered Grounds, Takashi Akiyoshi, Kunihiko Fuchida, Shozo Shirinashihama

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To explain the heavily damaged area for Kobe earthquake in 1995, nonlinear response characteristics of 2D irregularly reclaimed soil layers of saturated and unsaturated soil are investigated by using the existing FE program for effective stress analysis. For numerical computations, a typical Kobe ground model and a reference ground model with the absorbing boundary conditions are used. In order to understand the local transient characteristics of grounds due to liquefaction, the time-dependent fundamental natural period are investigated as a key parameter. Main conclusions are that liquefaction changes the dynamic characteristics of the sites into the transient high-cut filters and also …

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Compressional And Shear Waves Tests Through Upper Sheet Of Low Angle Thrust Fault, Ronald C. Chaney, David N. Lindberg, Jim Cooksley Jr., Frank Bickner, Gary L. Manhart, David Gervan Mar 2001

Compressional And Shear Waves Tests Through Upper Sheet Of Low Angle Thrust Fault, Ronald C. Chaney, David N. Lindberg, Jim Cooksley Jr., Frank Bickner, Gary L. Manhart, David Gervan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Compressional and shear wave tests were conducted on the upper thrust sheet of the low angle Little Salmon thrust fault. The study was conducted on the campus of the College of the Redwoods. The campus is located approximately 8 miles south of Eureka and 24 miles north-northeast of Cape Mendocino and the Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ) in Northern California. The MTJ is the point of transition from strike-slip faulting of the San Andreas transform system to low-angle reverse (thrust) faulting and folding associated with the convergent margin of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The campus is located on the southwest limb …

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Evaluation Of The Seismic Behavior On Sandy Ground With Built-Up Pore Water Pressures By Effective Stress Analysis, Jun'ichi Nishikawa, Hirochika Hayashi, Takuya Egawa, Shigeru Miwa, Takaaki Ikeda Mar 2001

Evaluation Of The Seismic Behavior On Sandy Ground With Built-Up Pore Water Pressures By Effective Stress Analysis, Jun'ichi Nishikawa, Hirochika Hayashi, Takuya Egawa, Shigeru Miwa, Takaaki Ikeda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is important to consider the non-linear behavior of the soil in evaluating the seismic behavior of the ground during the large ground motion. Pore water pressures, in the order of 75% of the initial mean confining pressures, were observed at the liquefaction observation sites near the Lake Utonai in Hokkaido, Japan during the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake. In the current study, effective stress analysis and total stress non-linear analysis were carried out incorporating both strain-dependent non-linearity and non-linear built-up of pore pressures. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Seismic behavior of the ground, acceleration of the surface ground, transfer functions …

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Seismic Response Of Deep Stiff Granular Soil Deposits, Lynn A. Salvati, Thomas M.-H. Lok, Juan M. Pestana Mar 2001

Seismic Response Of Deep Stiff Granular Soil Deposits, Lynn A. Salvati, Thomas M.-H. Lok, Juan M. Pestana

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic site response analysis is of paramount importance for many problems in earthquake engineering and has been studied extensively over the last 50 years. More recently, the observed response of deep stiff soil profiles during seismic events has indicated the possibility of significant ground amplification. In this study, a new enhanced hysteretic constitutive model is used for the evaluation of dynamic site response of deep granular soil deposits. The constitutive laws are implemented in a finite element computer code, AMPLE2000. The response of two soil profiles to different earthquake records was calculated using the newly developed model implemented in AMPLE …

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Site Effects Estimated From Microtremor Measurements At Selected Strong Motion Stations In Taiwan, Kohji Tokimatsu, Toru Sekiguchi Mar 2001

Site Effects Estimated From Microtremor Measurements At Selected Strong Motion Stations In Taiwan, Kohji Tokimatsu, Toru Sekiguchi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Microtremor measurements are conducted using arrays of sensors at six strong motion stations in Taiwan where the peak ground accelerations over 400 cm/s2 were recorded during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Shallow shear wave velocity profiles of these stations are estimated based on an inverse analysis of microtremor dispersion characteristics and H/V spectra. At Wufeng (TCU065) where building damage was the most extensive among others, a thick soft surface layer with a shear wave velocity less than or equal to about 200 m/s overlies a stiff layer with Vs greater than 400 m/s at a depth of about 30 m. …

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The Crack Development Due To Liquefaction Of Sand Lenses During Earthquake Loading, S. M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini, F. Nateghi-A. Mar 2001

The Crack Development Due To Liquefaction Of Sand Lenses During Earthquake Loading, S. M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini, F. Nateghi-A.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The failure of sand lenses during earthquake loadings has caused many damages to the ground and yet its mechanism has not been investigated extensively. In this paper the results of an analytical studies involving the mechanism of crack development of a sand lens due to liquefaction, are presented. A single loose and saturated sand lens embedded inside a stiff clay deposit, which will liquefy due to the earthquake loading, is modeled by finite element method. The principles of fracture mechanics were used and the soil behavior was considered as a non-linear elasto-plastic material. The computer package of NISA was used …

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Predicting The Maximum And Distribution Of Displacements On Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreads, Alan F. Rauch, James R. Martin Ii Mar 2001

Predicting The Maximum And Distribution Of Displacements On Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreads, Alan F. Rauch, James R. Martin Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Lateral spreading is the mostly horizontal movement of gently sloping ground due to liquefaction in shallow soil deposits. To assess the seismic hazards related to lateral spreading, estimates are needed of the maximum potential ground movement at these sites. One approach to this problem is to predict, using empirical models, the mean and standard deviation of the displacement magnitudes across the surface of a lateral spread. Then, using a probability density function, the maximum likely deformation at the site can be predicted with a suitable degree of conservatism. In the analysis described here, probability density functions are studied for modeling …

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Spt Energy Transfer Measurements For Liquefaction Evaluations In The Northeast, Lawrence F. Johnsen, Stanley M. Bemben, Jon J. Jagello Mar 2001

Spt Energy Transfer Measurements For Liquefaction Evaluations In The Northeast, Lawrence F. Johnsen, Stanley M. Bemben, Jon J. Jagello

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Energy measurements were made during Standard Penetration testing at Northeast locations with 16 drilling rigs having various energy transfer mechanisms including automatic safety hammers, wire line safety hammers, rope and cathead safety hammers and donut hammers. The energy measurements were used to correct the field N values to the standard 60% reference energy transfer. Examples are provided to illustrate the significant effect which the energy transfer efficiency has when working with Building Codes. The uncertainty regarding the use of field N values as opposed to energy corrected N values when using the codes is discussed.

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Experimental Study On Reduction Of The Horizontal Subgrade Reaction Due To Liquefaction, Hiroshi Kobayashi, T. Azuma, K. Tamura, T. Morimitsu, Gary L. Manhart, David Gervan Mar 2001

Experimental Study On Reduction Of The Horizontal Subgrade Reaction Due To Liquefaction, Hiroshi Kobayashi, T. Azuma, K. Tamura, T. Morimitsu, Gary L. Manhart, David Gervan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is important to evaluate resistance strength of foundation and the subgrade reaction of soil surrounding the foundation during an earthquake when a bridge is constructed on liquefiable ground. In this study, we evaluated reduction coefficient of the horizontal subgrade reaction during liquefaction DE based on shaking table tests. We examined the influence of liquefaction resistance factor FL, subgrade shear strain amplitude and velocity of the ground on the reduction coefficient DE from the test results. We made model grounds varying relative soil density in a container, which was placed on a shaking table. A piston …

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Dynamic Response Of Seabed Under Wave-Induced Loading, Maotian Luan, Dong Wang Mar 2001

Dynamic Response Of Seabed Under Wave-Induced Loading, Maotian Luan, Dong Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, the characteristics of the development of effective stresses and pore water pressure in elastic or elasto-plastic seabed with time under a sequence of wave loading are studied by virtue of numerical finite element analyses. Compared with analytical solution for elastic problem, the numerical procedure proposed can deal with complicated situation of seabed and can predict residual pore pressure. For inelastic seabed, bounding-surface hypoplasticity model is employed to describe the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of sand under cyclic loading. The development pattern of pore pressure under undrained condition obtained from laboratory experiments is not necessary in the numerical simulation.

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Cpt Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Using Neural Networks, Pradeep U. Kurup, Nitin K. Dudani Mar 2001

Cpt Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Using Neural Networks, Pradeep U. Kurup, Nitin K. Dudani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The increasing popularity of the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigations has led to several methods for predicting liquefaction potential from CPT data. This paper describes a feed-forward neural network model trained by back-propagation for predicting liquefaction potential. The model requires the following seven input variables: cone resistance, total vertical stress, effective vertical stress, earthquake magnitude, maximum horizontal acceleration at ground surface, the mean grain size D50, and the seismic shear-stress ratio. A total of ninety-six data sets from different sites around the world were used for training, and eighty-two data sets were used for testing and …

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Liquefaction Studies On Silty Clays Using Cyclic Triaxial Tests, . Anubhav, N.S.V. Kameswara Rao Mar 2001

Liquefaction Studies On Silty Clays Using Cyclic Triaxial Tests, . Anubhav, N.S.V. Kameswara Rao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Liquefaction of saturated soils during earthquake often had been a major cause of damage to structures. Since beginning the liquefaction studies were concentrated on sandy soils, as the sandy soils are known to be more susceptible to liquefaction. However, observations from some sites in China and Loma-Prieta earthquakes show that soils with high plastic fines are also susceptible to liquefaction. Isotropically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on undisturbed samples of silty clay soil and results of these tests are used to verify the methods based on SPT data. Slow cyclic tests were performed to investigate the development of …

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The Cause Of Ground Fissures Radiating From The Footing Of A Bridge Pie Generated By The 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takashi Tazoh, Maysayoshi Sato, Hideyuki Mano Mar 2001

The Cause Of Ground Fissures Radiating From The Footing Of A Bridge Pie Generated By The 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takashi Tazoh, Maysayoshi Sato, Hideyuki Mano

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

After the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake, ground fissures were found to have radiated from the footing of a bridge pier. Simple experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the cause of these fissures. This paper clarified that the ground fissures appeared not as a result of the force due to the lateral spreading of the liquefied soil acting to the back of the footing of the bridge pier, but due to the movement of the ground behind the riverbank toward the river caused by the collapse of the riverbank.

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Geomorphological Criteria For Evaluating Liquefaction Potential Considering The Level-2 Ground Motion In Japan, Kazue Wakamatsu, Akio Yamamoto, Ichiro Tanaka Mar 2001

Geomorphological Criteria For Evaluating Liquefaction Potential Considering The Level-2 Ground Motion In Japan, Kazue Wakamatsu, Akio Yamamoto, Ichiro Tanaka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In response to a bitter experience in the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu (Kobe) earthquake, the level-2 ground motion, extraordinarily strong shaking motion that would be caused by an earthquake directly under the area such as the 1995 earthquake, has been considered in seismic design of various kind of structures in Japan, in addition to the level-l general ground motion. Geomorphological criteria in the manual for zonation on liquefaction hazard issued by Land Planning Agency, which have been used a qualitative estimate of liquefaction potential were demanded to keep up with the above-mentioned trend of the time. The purpose of this study …

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