Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Sensitivity And Error Analyses In Ground Water Flow Modelling, Devraj Sharma

Uncovering the Hidden Resource: Groundwater Law, Hydrology, and Policy in the 1990s (Summer Conference, June 15-17)

9 pages.

Evaluation Of Mechanisms Of Alteration And Humification Of Pahs For Water Quality Management, Ronald C. Sims, Carolyn K. Abbott

Reports

Introduction: Creosote-pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a mixture commonly used as a wood preservative in the U.S. (1). A 1988 survey (2) indicated that 1,397 wood preserving waste contaminated sites exist in the United States consisting of 555 active wood treatment plants and 842 inactive plants. Stinson (3) indentifed 58 wood preserving sites on the National Priorities List, of which 51 have PCP and/or creosote or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. Principal classes of organic constituents present in creosote waste are PAHs (~85% by weight) and phenolics. PAHs with less than three fused benzene rings comprise 69% (i.e., naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene); …

Bioengineering For Water Cleanup: State-Of-The-Art Assessment, Judith L. Sims, Ronald C. Sims, Jon S. Ginn

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Spatially Distributed Water Balance Based On Physical, Isotropic And Airborne Remotely Sensed Data, C. M.U. Neale, David G. Tarboton, J. J. Mcdonnell

Reports

Introduction: The objective of this research to develop a spatially distributed water balance model based on the integration of spatially distributed data. Progress this year has consisted of model development, instrument acquisition, installation and development of experimental procedures, and baseline data collection. The original research plan called for detailed observations related to the water balance over the year September 1991 to August 1992. The detailed measurements were to start with accumulation of the snowpack followed by melt and evapotranspiration measurements from March to August. The objective was to measure the energy balance parameters starting with the peak accumulation, through the …

Nonparametric Stratigraphic Interpretation From Drill Log Data, Upmanu Lall, A. I. Ali

Reports

Near surface groundwater contamination is a widespread problem. The potential for contamination of deep aquifers in such areas depends on the vertical hydraulic gradient as well as the extent and location of interconnection between the upper and lower aquifers. In alluvial, sedimentary environment, the geologic units are typically weakly connected lenses or layers of high or low conductivity with variable size, geometry and orientation. Drill logs provide qualitative, local information on such aquifer heterogeneities. A binary (high or low conductivity) indicator function is used to describe the aquifer system. A nonparametric statistical methodology for assessing the probability that a particular …

Composting Of Explosives Contaminated Soil Using The White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Michael J. Mcfarland, Shashi Kalaskar, Eric Baiden

Reports

Bioaugmentation using the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was found to be effective in enhancing TNT removal in lightly (i.e., below 100 mg/kg) contaminated soil. The percent reduction in TNT increased from 15% to 53% when soils were treated with fungal inoculated organic material. Maximum removal rates improved from 0.33 mg TNT/kg-day to 0.76 mg TNT/kg-day during the same treatment. Neither fungal inoculation nor organic amendment addition resulted in improving TNT removal kinetics in highly contaminated soils (i.e., above 1000 mg/kg). Executive Summary: Laboratory scale compost studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of bioaugmentation with the white rot fungus,

The Hydraulic Performance Of A Vortex Tube Foector, F Mtaro

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The vorle.r tube silt exrrac/or consists of a pipe, rhe crest of which has a slit and lies flush across lhe canal bed.With minimal warer loss, I.oe bedload is extracted through lhe slil settling canal back ro the river, thus reducing or eliminating the bedload transported in main canal. Ihe resulting swirling flow phenomena is of complex nature and depends on sc conirol paramerers, as a result of which previous empirical design approaches have yielded conflicting guidelines. By means Of a simplified hydraulic system, the flow mechanism and energy in rhe can be determined.

Flood Forecasting In Tanzanian Catchments, Omari Rumambo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Floods are still a problem to many countries in the world todate. Floods do cause damages to property and sometimes loss to human life. Flood control measures by structural and non—structural methods are avail able in the literature . However , structural flood control measures are financially infeasible in most developing countries today. Flood forecasting is a non—structural measure for reducing flood damages. It is a means of providing early The Li near f 1 ood warnings to flood prone areas . Perturbation Model has been appl ied for real time flood The Linear forecasting in Tan zanian catchments . …

A Finite Element Analysis Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A two dimensional finite element analysis is utilized to predict the stress and strain distributions for wood in transverse compression. Important key var iables are incorporated into the ana lysis to define their influence on the stress and strain distributions. These variables are geometry of loading, geometry of specimen and the orthotropic ratio of the material. Based on the finite element analysis results, relationships are arising stress from developed relat ing maximum stress concentrations to the above three variables. possible appl ications of the results from this study relate to the development of more efficient design of connections such as …

Experimental Investigations On The Behaviour Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Experimental investigations were done to study the behaviour of wood in transverse compress ion. Three key variables were incorporated in the experiments to study their influence on the •nriables were the orthotropic ratio of the behav iour. These material, the geometry of loading and that of the specimen . Deformation measurements were made at selected locations on test specimens by means of strain—gage based clip gages. Results from the experimental measurements were compared to previous deformation predictions made by a finite element analysis (9) . There is a very good agreement between measured values and those obtained trom the finite …

Calibration Of A Parametric-Stochastic Model, Zhida Song, L. Douglas James

Reports

Conceptually, stochastic parametric modeling offers a powerful tool to select a scale for expressing catchment variability for hydrologic simulation and relating model parameters to catchment characteristics. Practically, success depends on having an efficient method for model calibration. The calibration of a stochastic model is much more difficult than a deterministic one because simulation shifts from using fixed parameters to simulate of flows as deterministic values to taking multiple combinations of paramter values randomly from distributions to simulate flows as stochastic variables. The proposed method calibrates the first two moments of each parameter distribution to represent the average and the variability …

Studies Related To Nutrients Entering Groundwater From The Heber Valley Sewer Farm And Dairies, Roland W. Jeppson, Joan Mclean, Calvin G. Clyde, Scott Korom

Reports

Foreword: This report includes the results from a two year study in the Heber Valley to determine amounts of nutrients that are entering the groundwaters of the Heber Valley, and might ultimately enter Deer Creek Reservoir. Since Deer Creek Reservoir in Heber Valley, Utah supplies approximately 65 percent of the water distributed to Salt Lake County, the maintenance of its quality is of considerable importance. To maintain the quality of this reservoir and limit its eutrophication "best management" practices for surface water have been implemented gradually during the past decade in Heber Valley. These practices have significantly improved the qualities …

Lake Mead Nutrient Enhancement Project, Peter D. Vaux, Larry J. Paulson, Nevada Department Of Wildlife, National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration

Publications (WR)

The Lake Mead Fertilization Project is a research program designed to investigate the potential for using large-scale artificial fertilization to enhance the game fisheries of this reservoir through an increase in the population of threadfin shad, the system's primary forage species. A substantial decline in the population of largemouth bass, together with poor condition of adult striped bass, are the two major issues affecting the Lake Mead game fisheries. Both issues have been hypothesized to be a result of an inadequate amount of forage in the reservoir. Previous studies have in turn suggested that a major factor limiting the shad …

Research Project Summaries (July 1989-December 1990), Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

From every side we hear of new threats to our water supply. Carcinogens, droughts, dam failures, global warming, hazardous wastes, deforestation, overpopulation, liability, and an aging infrastructure become household fears; this list grows longer and more foreboding to the average citizen. Some of these threats are real, while others are imaginary. Some we know how to overcome and others we can find ways to overcome, yet, for some, we are still helpless. The strength of a university lies in its success in stimulating inquisitive minds in critical examination of the problems of the world. People sense hope as experts find …

New Product Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Rain (Part Ii), C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: In January, 1990 a report bearing the same title as this report was prepared and submitted to CONWED Corporation. It contained results from tests performed on experimental erosion control blankets that CONWED was developing. This report provides similar test results of additional new material.

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Reserach Completion Report For Phase Ii, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton, Mohammed Al Adhami, Donald T. Jensen, Greg D. Mccurdy

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (July 1 through September 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Climate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. Also, we are developing a Western U.S. snowpack simulation model for inclusion in WEPP. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elecation areas where Forest …

Aspen Environmental Consultants, Inc; Report Of Tests: Preliminary Evaluation Of Three Erosion Control Products, Gilberto Urroz, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Introduction: Controlling the erosion of soil is a growing concern in the developed countries of the world, and continuing attempts are being made to develop new and better erosion control products. Only by careful comparative testing of such products under similar conditions is it possible to determine their relative merits. in the test facility at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), the variables of wind, sunlight, soil, hillslope, and rainfall rate and duration can all be independently controlled, thus providing an ideal location for determining the actual effectiveness or various kinds of erosion control products. Aspen Environmental Constultants, Inc. contracted …

Pipe Network Simulation Analysis Computer Program - Netwk, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

This manual describes the data that a versatile computer program USU-NETWK requires to complete a time dependent solution of flowrates and pressures throughout a pipe network. This program can be used for steady-state analysis and design, as well as simulation solutions through some period of time. In fact, unless specified otherwise, a steady-state solution is assumed.

In this user's manual there is no attempt to describe the methods used in USU-NETWK to provide solutions to either analysis or design problems. Rather this user's manual is devoted exclusive to describing the input data, and the use of USU-NETWK in solving various …

Product Evaluation For Soil Erosion Control And Plant Growth Enhancement, C. Earl Isrealsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: Manufacturers in the developed countries of the world continue to formulate new and better products for controlling soil erosion. Only by careful comparative testing of such products is it possible to determine their relative merits. In the test facility at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), the variables of wind, sunlight, soil, hillslope, and rainfall rate and duration can all be independently controlled, thus providing an ideal location for determining the actual effectiveness of various kinds of erosion control products. Many companies are availing themselves of the opportunity to accurately compare their products at the UWRL with other similar …

New Product Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: Manufacturers are continually seeking ways of improving the effectiveness of their erosion control products. Products currently in use include chemical as well as organic materials, and they are applied with varying degrees of success. The Fibers Division of the CONWED Corporation, one of the nation's most progressive producers of erosion control products, requested the comparative testing of some of their new products with those of some leading competitors. This report contains results of those tests.

Pep Property Estimation Program And Chemical Property Database, William J. Doucette, Mark S. Holt

Reports

PEP Overview

A property Estimation Program (PEP), utilizing MCI-property, TSA-property and property correlations and UNIFAC-derived activity coefficients, has been developed for the Apple Macintosh microcomputer to provide the user with several approaches to estimate S, Kow, Pv, H, Koc, and BCF depending on the information available.

Structural information required for the MCi and UNIFAC calculation routines can be entered using either Simplified Molecular Identification and Line Entry System (SMILES) notation or connection tables generated with commercially available two-dimensional drawing programs. The TSA module accepts 3-D atomic coordinates entered manually or directly reads coordinate files generated by molecular modeling software. The …

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Progress Report No. 2, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton, Mohammed Al Adhami, Donald T. Jensen, Greg D. Mccurdy

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (July 1 through September 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Climate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. Also, we are developing a Western U.S. snowpack simulation model for inclusion in WEPP. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elevation areas where Forest …

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Progress Report No. 1, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David L. Martens, Greg D. Mccurdy, David G. Tarboton

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the initial funding period (November 1, 1989 through June 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a procedure for incorporating western mountain climate into the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elevation areas where Forest Service properties are located. Therefore, a procedure for estimating climatological variables in mountainous areas …

Bioremediation Of Contaminated Surface Soils, J. L. Sims, R. C. Sims, J. E. Matthews

Reports

Biological remediation of soils contaminated with organic chemicals is an alternative treatment technology that can often meet the goal of achieving a permanent clean-up remedy at hazardous waste sites, as encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for implementation of The Superfund Amendments and Authorization Act (SARA) of 1986. Bioremediation is consistent with the philosophical thrust of SARA, for it involves the use of naturally occurring microorganisms to degrade and/or detoxify hazardous constituents in the soil at a contaminated slip to protect public health and the environment.Bioremediation of contaminated soils, including applications and limitations, has been addressed.

Total Maximum Daily Loads And Waste Load Allocations For Las Vegas Bay: Rationale And Calulations, State Of Nevada: Division Of Environmental Protection

Publications (WR)

In September 1987 the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection revised Water Quality Standards for Las Vegas Wash (LVW) and Lake Mead. Standards were set for chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia in Las Vegas Bay (LVB) (NDEP 1987). The 1986 and 1987 LVB data showed non-achievement of both the chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia standard which triggered an analysis of total phosphorus and total ammonia Total Maximum Daily Loads and Waste Load Allocations which are presented in this report. This report is separated into three sections: 1. 1987 Las Vegas Bay Water Quality Conditions and Seasonal Periodicity. 2. Concentration Estimates at Northshore Road …

Mobile Deployable Bases And Ports: A Study For Interim Requirements, William Glenn Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Logistics is an age old problem that has been the key to the greatest victories and defeats in history. Maritime support of wartime land campaigns as well as conflicts at sea, has been the answer to that problem even as far back in history as the ancient Greek Empire. Throughout the ages however the lesson that seems to be learned and relearned, the hard way, is that of logistic support. Today the United States is faced with what, to some seems to be an overwhelming problem in logistic support overseas, particularly in the maritime transportation and support arena. The U.S. …

Feasibility Study Of Maine's Small Hydropower Potential, James D. Sysko

Maine Collection

Feasibility Study of Maine's Small Hydropower Potential

Prepared by James D. Sysko, Small Hydro East, for the Maine State Planning Office, Maine Office of Energy Resources, January 1989.

"This study focuses on finding potential hydropower sites of approximately 50 kw to 1000 kw in capacity."

Toxicity And Environmental Health Hazards Of Petroleum Products In Wells Used For Drinking Water In The Intermountain West, Robert D.R. Parker, Raghubir P. Sharma, R. Ryan Dupont, Gin-Chang Hsieh

Reports

Introduction: Groundwater is aprimary source of drinking water for about 50 percent of the population in the U.S. This source of drinking water has been generally regarded as safe from contamination. Several papers indicate that numerous underground storage tanks containing petroleum products may be leaking and contaminating public water supply wells across the U.S. (Matis, 1971; Ferguson, 1979; Woodhull, 1981; Burmaster and Harris, 1982; Lehman, 1984; Dowd, 1984; OTA, 1984). A study conducted by the Utah Cureau of Solid and Hazardous Wastes in 1985 concluded that there are at least 2,314 underground steel tanks, most of which are used to …

Soil Phase Photodegradation Of Toxic Organics At Contaminated Disposal Sites For Soil Renovation And Groundwater Quality Protection, W. M. Moore, R. Ryan Dupont, J. E. Mclean

Reports

Accurate assessment of the potential for contaminated soil remediation requires detailed knowledge of the fate of waste constituents within the soil environment. For many non-biodegradable organics compounds, photochemical degradation may provide a potential pathway for the removal of such compounds from soil surfaces. A study was conducted to evaluate the rate of photodegradation of ten hazardous organic compounds from three soils, silica gel, and four soil minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, and calcite) under conditions of controlled irradiation. In addition, the effect of siz amendment treatments (methylene blue, riboflavin, hydrogen peroxide, diethylamine, peat moss, and silica gel) on the rates of …

Evaluation Of Algrow As A Binder In Hydromulch And Preliminary Determination Of The Influence Of Algrow On Germination And Seedling Growth, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz, Ronald V. Canfield

Reports

Introduction: The application of mulch during or immediately following seeding provides the minimum following advantages: energy dissipation of falling raindrops which decreases or eliminates erosion, prevention of surface-soil crusting, decreased water loss, and surface temperature modification. To better hold mulch in place, chemical binders are addd to it during munufacture or just before it is applied to the soil. Sometimes a binder is applied as an oversptray after the mulch is in place. (This overspray is generally referred to as a tackifier.) Algea Produkter A/S, Drammen, Norway, produces a product called ALGROW which may habe utility as a mulch binder …