Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Influence Of Warping On Stress For Restrained Concrete Slabs: For Application To Crcp, Corey M. Beck, W. Jason Weiss, Nathan T. Todd

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Continuously-reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is widely used in transportation system because of its low maintenance requirement. However, the need for large volumes of steel creates a high cost for new construction. The Illinois Tollway is preparing to substantially renovate highways in and around Chicago and this work seeks to understand how concretes of varying mixture designs can be made thinner by reducing the amount of built-in stress. The experiment examines warping in beams subjected to various degrees of restraint, in an effort to assess effectiveness at reducing warping in continuously reinforced concrete pavements. Value added methodologies such as internal curing …

Examining The Hydration And Mechanical Properties Of Cement Paste Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals, Yvette Valadez-Carranza, Charles Y. Chiu, W. Jason Weiss, Pablo Zavattieri, Jeffrey P. Youngblood

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a nano-scaled particulae material that has been shown to improve strength in cementitious pastes. One advantage of CNCs compared to other nano-materials is that CNCs are renewable and sustainable. The objective of this investigation is to investigate the influence of additional alkali content on the behavior of CNCs in cement paste. This work evaluates flexural and compressive strength as a function of heat of hydration—which measures the extent of reaction. Previous mechanical tests on cement paste containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have shown CNCs to improve the flexural strength of cement paste by approximately 30%. Isothermal calorimetry …

Membrane Pre-Treatment Using Chemical Disinfectants In Halide Impaired Waters, Holly M. Haflich, Kun Huang, Amisha D. Shah, John Howarter, Logan Kearney

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The use of membrane filtration processes for desalination, water reuse, and water reclamation techniques are becoming more prevalent given freshwater shortages. However, the treatment of these waters is challenging because of the membranes used in these processes. During nanofiltration and reverse osmosis the membranes undergo biofouling. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are high-pressure membrane filtration techniques that treat seawater, brackish waters, and industrial wastewaters. Because of the biofouling, the polyamide thin film needs to be pretreated with chlorine (HOCl/ OCl-) as a disinfectant, but this damages the polyamide membrane. When the free chlorine is in the presence of halide-impaired waters, it …

Application Of Fiscal Incentives For Development Of East Natuna Gas Field For Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand, Marwan Batubara, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, Akhmad Fauzi

Makara Journal of Technology

East Natuna gas field, which has proven reserves of 46 trillion cubic feet, is projected to meet long-term natural gas needs. However, CO2-content of the gas reserves reaches 71%, leading to expensive development costs. This research investigates the feasibility of the field based on several fiscal incentives. Firstly, gas supply-demand until year 2040 was analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the field was developed using high CO2 gas separation technology to produce gas of 1300 MMSCFD in 2023, 2600 MMSCFD in 2031, and 3900 MMSCFD in 2039. Finally, the economic feasibility was assessed using cash flow analysis in accordance with …

Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization Of High-Temperatur Oxidation Of Fe-20cr-5al Alloy Prepared By Focused Ion Beam Technique, Mohammad Dani, Pudji Untoro, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Parikin Parikin, Joachim Mayer, Arbi Dimyati

Makara Journal of Technology

The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied for cross section preparation of the oxidized alloy for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study. Prior to preparation, the specimens of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy sheet were oxidized in air at 1200 oC for 2 minutes, 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 100 hours. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized using TEM equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine of the light elements. The TEM investigation reveals remarkable microstructure evolution of the specimens during oxidation which generally exhibit a typical multi-layer …

High Temperature Corrosion Of Aluminized Aisi 4130 Steel With The Different Composition Of Nacl/Na2so4 Deposits, Mohammad Badaruddin, Chaur Jeng Wang, Yudhistyra Saputra, Abu Khalid Rivai

Makara Journal of Technology

The high temperature corrosion of AISI 4130 steel can be increased by hot-dip aluminizing coating. The aluminized steel specimens with the deposit composition of 100/0, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 0/100 (wt.%) NaCl/Na2SO4 were oxidized at 750 °C for 1-49 h periods. According to a parabolic rate constant (kp) value, the aluminized steel with deposit composition of 70/30 NaCl/Na2SO4 shows the highest kp value (3.71 × 10-11 g2cm- 4s-1), later followed by the kp value of 3.35 × 10-11 g2cm-4s-1 for 100/0 and the lowest kp value is 7.731 × 10-12 g2cm-4s-1 for 0/100. Whereas, the kp value for the aluminized …

Effects Of Supplier-Manufacturer Relationships On Supply-Chain Performance Of Manufacturing Industries In Indonesia, Rachmad Hidayat, Khisbullah Hudha, Sabarudin Akhmad

Makara Journal of Technology

The present study describes the relationships between commitment, communication, satisfaction, trust, relationship quality with suppliers, and supply-chain performance. The population of the study was manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Respondents were the chief executive officers or corporate secretaries or the designated managers involved in strategic decision making. Samples were taken by using a proportional area random sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for analysis. Results of both direct and indirect testing of hypothesis indicated two hypotheses of positive and significant effects and nine hypotheses of positive but insignificant effects. Those hypotheses of positive and significant effects were the direct …

A New Method For Simulating Power Flow Density Focused By A Silicon Lens Antenna Irradiated With Linearly Polarized Thz Wave, Catur Apriono, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Norihisa Hiromoto

Makara Journal of Technology

A terahertz system uses dielectric lens antennas for focusing and collimating beams of terahertz wave radiation. Linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation has been widely applied in the terahertz system. Therefore, an accurate method for analyzing the power flow density in the dielectric lens antenna irradiated with the linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation is important to design the terahertz systems. In optics, ray-tracing method has been used to calculate the power flow density by a number density of rays. In this study, we propose a method of ray-tracing combined with Fresnel’s transmission, including transmittance and polarization of the terahertz wave radiation …

Stochastic Optimization Of Supply Chain Risk Measures –A Methodology For Improving Supply Security Of Subsidized Fuel Oil In Indonesia, Adinda Yuanita, Andi Noorsaman Sommeng, Anondho Wijonarko

Makara Journal of Technology

Monte Carlo simulation-based methods for stochastic optimization of risk measures is required to solve complex problems in supply security of subsidized fuel oil in Indonesia. In order to overcome constraints in distribution of subsidized fuel in Indonesia, which has the fourth largest population in the world—more than 250,000,000 people with 66.5% of productive population, and has more than 17,000 islands with its population centered around the nation's capital only—it is necessary to have a measurable and integrated risk analysis with monitoring system for the purpose of supply security of subsidized fuel. In consideration of this complex issue, uncertainty and probability …

Thermodynamic Analysis Of Irreversible Heat-Transformers, Niccolo` Giannetti, Arnas Arnas, Andrea Rocchetti, Kiyoshi Saito

Makara Journal of Technology

Absorption heat transformers extend the possibilities for efficient and environment-friendly energy conversion processes. Based on a general thermodynamic model of three-thermal cycles with finite thermal capacity of the heat sources, this paper is intent upon analyzing and optimizing the performance of absorption heat transformers, by including the influence of irreversibility in the analytical expression of the system efficiency. Dimensionless parameters for an overall optimization are defined and a first screening is performed to clarify their influence. Dependence on the main factors is highlighted to suggest how to change them in order to enhance the whole system performance. Under this point …

Photocatalytic Mineralization Of Phenol On Fluidized Titanium Oxide-Coated Silica Gel, Guillermo J. Rincon

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

A bench-scale tubular reactor with recirculation was built in order to study the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation of phenol on fluidized titanium oxide-coated silica gel beads. A UV-C lamp placed along the central vertical axes of the reactor was used as source of photons. A bed of silica gel beads was fluidized by means of fluid recirculation and forced to follow upward helical flow around the lamp. Anatase was successfully synthetized on silica gel particles of average diameters 224, 357 and 461 µm, as confirmed by scanning electron micrographs, through a sol-gel technique using a titanium (iv)isopropoxide / hydrochloric …

Feasibility Study: The Evaluation Of Polymer Coatings To Prevent Weathering Of Weak Rocks, Lauren Distler

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

The weathering and erosion of weak rocks along roadways can cause dangerous and potentially fatal rockfalls.   Various slope stabilization methods exist, but each presents a set of challenges and trade-offs.   The focus of the project is to understand the feasibility of utilizing of a polymerbased slope stabilization technique. Rock samples were collected along US Route 33 in Virginia and West Virginia, and preliminary tests were conducted to evaluate the absorption of water (% mass) and durability. The study evaluates three polymer options in regard to the following criteria: adhesion to rock, layer thickness, semi-permeability, insolubility, and non-toxicity. The polymer selection …

Prediction Of Shear Strength And Ductility Of Cyclically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Artificial Intelligence, Nicholas Gordon

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The shear strength and deformation capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns are governed by a multitude of variables related to material properties of the steel and concrete used in the design and construction of the columns. Predicting performance of RC columns using design variables is a complex, non-linear problem. The prediction of shear strength and ductility for these types of structural members has historically been performed using empirically or semi-empirically derived formulae based on experimental results. The introduction of cyclical lateral loading, such as the forces imposed on a structure during an earthquake, can result in severe degradation of shear …

Properties Of Concrete Containing Ggbf Slag And Nano-Silica, Mohammad Sajjadul Islam

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a by-product from steel production, has been used as a partial replacement of portland cement in concrete for over a century. It constitutes a beneficial reuse of a by-product material, less consumption of portland cement concrete. Lower consumption of portland cement concrete can help reduce construction cost. Furthermore, it lowers the industrial carbon footprint, and landfill disposal which is a major environmental issue the world is facing today. The chemical composition of GGBF slag is similar to portland cement with hydraulic properties and additional pozzolanic properties with excellent alkali silica reactivity mitigation and resistance …

Quantifying Moisture Transport In Cementitious Materials Using Neutron Radiography, Catherine L. Lucero

Open Access Theses

A portion of the concrete pavements in the US have recently been observed to have premature joint deterioration. This damage is caused in part by the ingress of fluids, like water, salt water, or deicing salts. The ingress of these fluids can damage concrete when they freeze and expand or can react with the cementitious matrix causing damage. To determine the quality of concrete for assessing potential service life it is often necessary to measure the rate of fluid ingress, or sorptivity. Neutron imaging is a powerful method for quantifying fluid penetration since it can describe where water has penetrated, …

Group Decisions In Value Management, Christiono Utomo, Farida Murti, Arazi Idrus

Makara Journal of Technology

This research deals with a technique to expedite group decision making during the selection of technical solutions for value management process. Selection of a solution from a set of alternatives is facilitated by evaluating using multicriteria decision making techniques. During the process, every possible solution is rated on criteria of function and cost. Function deals more with quality than with quantity, and cost can be calculated based on the theoretical time value of money. Decision-making techniques based on satisfying games are applied to determine the relative function and cost of solutions and hence their relative value. The functions were determined …

Seebeck Coefficient Of Soi Layer Induced By Phonon Transport, Faiz Salleh, Takuro Oda, Yuhei Suzuki, Yoshinari Kamakura, Hiroya Ikeda

Makara Journal of Technology

The Seebeck coefficient of a patterned Si wire on P-doped SOI (Si-on-insulator) layer with a carrier concentration of 1018 cm-3 was measured near room temperature. The Seebeck coefficient is found to be smaller than that in the SOI layer and to be closer to the calculated Seebeck coefficient including the electronic contribution. The decrease in the Seebeck coefficient of Si wire is likely to occur due to the elimination of the contribution of phonon drag part. From the theoretical calculation of scattering rates by considering the scattering processes in phonon system, it is considered that an increase in phonon-boundary scattering …

Construction Of A Novel Method Of Measuring Thermal Conductivity For Nanostructures, Hiroya Ikeda, Shoma Yoshida, Yuhei Suzuki, Veerappan Manimuthu, Faiz Salleh, Fujio Kuwahara, Masaru Shimomura, Kenji Murakami

Makara Journal of Technology

With the aim of characterizing the thermal conduction in a nanometer-scaled materials, we have constructed a novel method on the basis of an ac calorimetric method. In this method, periodic sample heating is performed by light irradiation and the corresponding periodic temperature is detected by infrared irradiative thermometer. This makes us measure the thermal diffusivity out of contact with the objective sample. In the present study, we confirm to measure the thermal diffusivity of bulk Si and Cu by this non-contact method with halogen-lamp irradiation. In determining the thermal diffusivity from the relationship between distance deviation and delay time, the …

Phonon-Drag Contribution To Seebeck Coefficient Of Ge-On-Insulator Substrate Fabricated By Wafer Bonding Process, Veerappan Manimuthu, Shoma Yoshida, Yuhei Suzuki, Faiz Salleh, Mukannan Arivanandhan, Yoshinari Kamakura, Yasuhiro Hayakawa, Hiroya Ikeda

Makara Journal of Technology

In order to build high-sensitivity infrared photodetectors using SiGe nanowires, we investigate the thermoelectric characteristics of Ge-on-insulator (GOI) layers as a reference for SiGe. We fabricate p-type GOI substrates with an impurity concentration of 1016-1018cm-3 by a wafer-bonding process using Ge and oxidized Si wafers. Annealing treatment is performed in order to further increase the bonding strength of Ge/SiO2 interface. We measure the Seebeck coefficient in the temperature range of 290-350 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the GOI layers is very close to the theoretical value for Ge, calculated on the basis of carrier transport. Hence, there is a small …

Fiber Optic Ring Resonator Sensor Detection Technique Based On Spectral Intensity Integration, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Sasono Rahardjo, Gunawan Witjaksono, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Resonant field phenomenon in optical ring resonator has been a major theme for various studies and can be used for various sensor applications. The spectral response shape changes are subjects to be discussed and analyzed for detection in optical sensor system. The spectral response changes are caused by various factors ranging from refractive index of the surrounding medium, medium loss due to absorption and scattering, and coupling variation between waveguides. These optical phenomena are mostly used for bio-sensor applications, since it is free from electromagnetic interference (EMI) and non-physically destructive. In this paper, we discuss our current research in developing …

The Effects Of The Types Of Milk (Cow, Goat, Soya) And Enzymes (Rennet, Papain, Bromelain) Toward Cheddar Cheese Production, Ariestya Arlene, Anastasia Prima Kristijarti, Ivana Ardelia

Makara Journal of Technology

The objectives of this research are to study the effects of different types of milk and enzymes toward the yield and quality (moisture, ash, protein, fat content, and texture) of cheddar cheese and the interaction between those two variables during the process. The types of milk are cow, goat, and soya milk, while the types of enzymes are rennet, papain, and bromelain enzymes. Regarding the procedure, the milk is first pasteurized before CaCl2 and Lactobacillus lactis that acts as the acidifier starter as much as 0.2% (w/v) and 0.5% of the milk volume are added respectively. The amount of enzyme …

Hazard-Driven Drivers’ Behaviours Towards Vehicle-To-Median Safe Distances, Martha Leni Siregar

Makara Journal of Technology

A median is required for a two-way road to separate traffic from opposing lanes and to prevent head-on collisions. However, studies indicate that medians are also perceived as hazards which need to be avoided during driving. This hazard perception is manifested in drivers’ changing behavior towards various types of medians along the driving lanes inform of their tendency to allow various safe distances to the medians. The Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) does not differentiate between types of medians and the influence on the drivers’ choice of safe margin to the medians. Therefore, this study looks into how the existence …

Energy And Exergy Analysis Of Kalina Cycle For The Utilization Of Waste Heat In Brine Water For Indonesian Geothermal Field, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Agus Noor Sidiq, Abdulmajeed Mohamad, Rama Usvika

Makara Journal of Technology

The utilization of waste heat in a power plant system—which would otherwise be released back to the environment—in order to produce additional power increases the efficiency of the system itself. The purpose of this study is to present an energy and exergy analysis of Kalina Cycle System (KCS) 11, which is proposed to be utilized to generate additional electric power from the waste heat contained in geothermal brine water available in the Lahendong Geothermal power plant site in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A modeling application on energy and exergy system is used to study the design of thermal system which uses …

A Field Investigation Of Composite Mud Brick Compressive Strength, Kevin D. Hale

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

It has been highlighted in numerous publications that in the field of earth construction there is a strong disconnect between experimental work in the laboratory and its application in the field. The current study attempts to help bridge this gap with a field test conducted in Nampula, Mozambique. Mud bricks were made with a simple hand mold and reinforced with bamboo and straw fibers. Fibers were cut into lengths of 3 cm and 6 cm while being mixed in fractions of 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.50% by weight and compressive strength was measured using an application of the 3-point bending test. …

Sustainable Disposal Of Coal Processing Waste Streams, Mohammad Rezaee

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

Modern coal preparation facilities incorporate a wide array of solid-solid and solid-liquid separation processes for rejecting mineral matter to meet market specifications. The coarse mineral matter is typically placed into engineered refuse piles whereas the fine refuse is either stored in impoundments or co-disposed with the coarse refuse. The discharge water from the refuse material represents an environmental concern due to the potential release of trace elements, and the subsequent elevation of total dissolved solids and conductivity. The research findings reported in this dissertation addresses sustainable coal processing waste disposal through using strategies aimed at minimizing the environmental impacts. To …

Moisture Susceptibility Of Dense Graded Asphalt Concrete Using Cyclic Moistue Induced Stress Tester, Sarvesh Dip Dhakal

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Moisture damage in asphalt concrete causes loss in mechanical properties of asphalt material due to the presence of moisture in its microstructures in a liquid or a vapor state. Some of the common types of distress observed in asphalt pavements due to moisture damage are stripping (separation of asphalt binder and aggregate), raveling (dislodgement of aggregate particles in asphalt mixture from surface), and hydraulic scour (a process that occurs on a saturated surface by which the pavement material is eroded due to dynamic action of tires in the presence of water). This Thesis focuses on the research on the effects …

Influence Of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement On The Pullout Performance Of Reinforcing Fibers: An Evaluation Of The Micro-Mechanical Behavior, Robert B. Jewell

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement on reinforcing fibers by evaluating the fiber pullout behavior, and bonding characteristics, of a single fiber embedded in a cementitious paste matrix. Four types of fibers commonly used in industry were evaluated: 1) Polyvinyl alcohol; 2) Polypropylene; 3) Coated Steel; and 4) Plain Steel.

Upward trends in energy costs and potential greenhouse gas regulations favor an increased use of construction materials that require lower energy and lower CO₂ emissions to fabricate, such as CSA cement, as opposed to the production of ordinary portland cement …

Shape Memory Behavior Of Single Crystal And Polycrystalline Ni-Rich Nitihf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys, Sayed M. Saghaian

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

NiTiHf shape memory alloys have been receiving considerable attention for high temperature and high strength applications since they could have transformation temperatures above 100 °C, shape memory effect under high stress (above 500 MPa) and superelasticity at high temperatures. Moreover, their shape memory properties can be tailored by microstructural engineering. However, NiTiHf alloys have some drawbacks such as low ductility and high work hardening in stress induced martensite transformation region. In order to overcome these limitations, studies have been focused on microstructural engineering by aging, alloying and processing.

Shape memory properties and microstructure of four Ni-rich NiTiHf alloys (Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20, Ni50.7Ti29.3Hf20, …

Determination Of Setting Times By Shear Wave Velocity Evolution In Fresh Mortar Using Bender Element Method, Jianfeng Zhu

Masters Theses

This study aims at using modified bender element (BE) method to monitor the shear wave velocity (V_s) of mortar at early-age and determine initial and final setting times with the V_s method. Modifications of the traditional BE method have been made to overcome the aggressive cementitious environment and eliminate electromagnetic coupling. BE has been successfully employed in mortar samples with and without admixtures to evaluate the evolution of V_s during the early age (first 24 hrs) of hydration. An energy approach method of determining the first arrival time of S-wave has been proposed. Pulse wave velocity …

Novel Engineered Nanomaterials For Water Remediation And Gas Adsorption: Graphene Oxide And Carbon Nanotubes Decorated With Metal-Organic Frameworks And Magnetic Nanoparticles, Vahid Jabbari

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In the current study, a series of novel magnetic and non-magnetic hybrid nanocomposites based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of M3(BTC)2 (M: Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd), graphene oxide (GrO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were developed via a green, simple and versatile solvothermal method at which GrO and CNT were used as platform to grow the MOFs and Fe3O4 MNPs over them. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, IR, Raman, TGA, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Morphological analysis confirmed successful growth of nano-size Fe3O4 MNPs and M3(BTC)2 MOFs over GrO and CNT platforms. …