Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Maneuverability Of Ships With Small Draught In Steady Wind, Daeng Paroka, Andi Haris Muhammad, Syamsul Asri

Makara Journal of Technology

Wind force and moment may force a ship to drastically decrease its speed and use a large drift angle as well as a large rudder angle in order to maintain its course. Ships with a small draught might have more risk in maneuvering to its point of view compared with a ship with a larger draught. This paper discusses maneuverability of a ship with a small draught in steady wind. The effect of wind on ship speed, drift angle, and rudder angle are investigated in a steady state condition. Five different ratios of wind velocity to ship speed from 1.0 …

Discrete Power Control In Heterogenous Networks, Yuanyuan Wang, Wibowo Hardjawana, Branka Vucetic

Makara Journal of Technology

In heterogeneous networks (HetNets) where femtocell base stations (FBSs) are deployed within the radio coverage of macrocell base stations (MBSs) to increase network capacity, co-channel interference limits overall system performance with universal frequency reuse. This paper investigates new distributed downlink discrete power control scheme for FBSs in HetNets with FBSs cooperation. The objective of the proposed power control scheme is to maximize the number of simultaneous FBSs transmissions in a single transmission wireless channel where each FBS is allowed to transmit only if the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) requirements for both FBSs and MBS users are satisfied. We apply a stochastic …

Multi-Project Scheduling Cost Optimization In A Machine Manufacturer Engineer-To-Order, Farizal Farizal, Amar Rachman, Tifani Tandean, Sumarsono Sudarto, Katsuhiko Takahashi

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper discusses the utilization of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize cost for multiproject scheduling in a machine maker company. The objective is to minimize total project’s penalty cost and labor cost. The model formulated shows how to achieve the objective i.e. whether to use outsourcing or overtime to finish all projects. The model of multi-project scheduling was solved by Branch & Bound algorithm coded in Lingo 14.0 software. The case study shows that if a company wants to minimize lateness, it should use overtime instead of outsourcing, which minimize total lateness of projects by 144 days …

Analysis Of Arm Movement Prediction By Using The Electroencephalography Signal, Reza Darmakusuma, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto, Adi Indrayanto, Tati Latifah Mengko, Lidwina Ayu Andarini, Achmad Furqon Idrus

Makara Journal of Technology

Various technological approaches have been developed in order to help those people who are unfortunate enough to be afflicted with different types of paralysis which limit them in performing their daily life activities independently. One of the proposed technologies is the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The BCI system uses electroencephalography (EEG) which is generated by the subject’s mental activity as input, and converts it into commands. Some previous experiments have shown the capability of the BCI system to predict the movement intention before the actual movement is onset. Thus research has predicted the movement by discriminating between data in the “rest” …

Cement Heat Of Hydration And Thermal Control, Ahmadreza Sedaghat

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heat of hydration is a property of Portland cement and a direct result of the chemical reaction between cement and water. The amount of heat released is dependent upon the cement mineralogical composition, curing temperature, water to cement ratio, and cement fineness. High temperature resulting from heat of hydration (thereon referred to as HOH) of cement can affect the hydration process, and consequently the kinetics of development of the mechanical properties of concrete. One of the main reasons triggering the interest in HOH of cement is its implication in thermal cracking of concrete. The high temperature gradient between the inner …

Bond–Slip Behavior Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer/Concrete Interface In Single Shear Pull-Out And Beam Tests, Tayyebeh Mohammadi, Baolin Wan, Kent A. Harries

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

It has been assumed that the fiber-reinforced polymer/concrete interface is subjected to in-plane shear condition when intermediate crack debonding failure occurs. Therefore, the single shear pull-out test results are often used to predict the intermediate crack debonding failure in beams. In this study, the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened concrete beams and single shear pull-out specimens were studied experimentally and numerically. The bond–slip behavior of the fiber-reinforced polymer/concrete interface was obtained by single shear pull-out and beam tests. In all beam specimens, a concrete wedge located at the edge of the notch detached with the fiber-reinforced polymer debonding failure. This phenomenon …

Daylighting And Thermo-Electrical Performance Of An Autonomous Suspended Particle Device Evacuated Glazing, Aritra Ghosh

Doctoral

Suspended particle device (SPD) glazing is an AC powered switchable glazing. PV powered SPD evacuated (vacuum) glazing was proposed with the potential of reducing the heating demand, cooling demand and artificial lighting demand of a building. To achieve an autonomous SPD vacuum glazing, semi empirical simulation and outdoor characterisation was explored in this thesis. Transmission of SPD glazing (area 0.058 m2) varied from 5% when opaque to 55% when transparent in the presence of 110 V, 0.07 W AC supply was characterised in outdoor test cell in Dublin. The SPD glazing has variable spectral transmission in the presence of variable …

Late Morning Concurrent Sessions: Innovations In Aviation Technologies: Presentation: Relative Material Loss: A Methodology For Assessing Island Airport Steel Marine Bulkheads, Robert Ernsting, Constantine M. Koursaris

Aviation / Aeronautics / Aerospace International Research Conference

A July 2015 report from the Airports Council International – North America (ACI-NA) states “U.S. airports are long overdue for [a] major structural improvement projects. Most U.S. airports are aging, … and because of budgetary restrictions, they’re not aging well.”(Garcia and Clampet, 2015). The average US age is 40 years old with the youngest (Denver International) recently turning 20 years old. As airports continue to age, airport commissioners will struggle to find creative ways to either fund airport replacements or extend the service life of existing airport facilities (commonly referred to as service life extension projects or SLEP). Due to …

State-Of-The-Art Review Of Cathodic Protection For Reinforced Concrete Structures, Aimee Byrne, Niall Holmes, Brian Norton

Articles

Cathodic protection (CP) limits the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. This can be achieved either by using a more active sacrificial anode to create a driving current, or by using inert anodes and impressing a current onto the cathode surface using an external direct current (DC) source. Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) is preferred where widespread protection is required, particularly in reinforced concrete structures. ICCP needs a constant DC power supply that is usually provided through a grid connection or independent generators. This paper presents the currently available CP systems for …

Case Studies Of Cavity And External Wall Insulation Retrofitted Under The Irish Home Energy Saving Scheme: Technical Analysis And Occupant Perspectives, Aimee Byrne, Gerard Byrne, Garrett O'Donnell, Anthony Robinson

Articles

The residential sector represents 27% of primary energy consumption in Ireland. This paper examines the case study of the Irish government’s national grant scheme to encourage energy efficiency retrofit in private housing. That is the Home Energy Saving (HES) Scheme, later rebranded the Better Energy: Homes (BEH) Scheme. The methodology involved monitoring several homes immediately before and after retrofit alongside discussions with occupants. The examination focused on specific measures commonly introduced through the HES/BEH programme − cavity and external wall insulation. It has been found that a significant decrease in heat loss through the walls was measured in all cases. …

Evaluating A New Cem Iii/A Cement For Concretes Exposed To Harsh Acid Rich Environments, David Thompson, Niall Holmes, John Reddy

Conference papers

The Irish Annex to the European specification, performance, production and conformity of concrete, IS EN 206, recommends CEM III/B cement for acid rich environments containing between 66 to 80% GGBS. However, BS 8500, the UK annex to EN 206 and the British Research Establishment (BRE) Special Digest 1, recommends CEM III/A cement with a GGBS range of 36-65%. This project investigated the performance of a new CEM III/A cement produced by Ecocem Ireland in concretes exposed to such environments using an extensive suite of laboratory tests.

In Ireland, up to €5.8bn will be invested to provide fresh drinking water and …

Underwater Explosion Energy Dissipation Near Waterborne Infrastructure, Paul R. Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Underwater explosions pose a significant threat to waterborne infrastructure though destructive pressure waves that can travel significant distances through the water. However, the use of bubble screens can attenuate the peak pressure and energy flux created by explosions to safe levels. This study investigates the prediction of pressure wave characteristics based on accumulated data, the damage potential of underwater explosions based on applied loads and effective material strength, and the bubble screen parameters required to prevent damage. The results were compiled to form a procedure for the design and implementation of a bubble screen the protection of waterborne infrastructure.

Preliminary Investigation Into The Rate Of Carbonation Of Concrete Blocks Under Normal Production Yard Conditions, Aimee Byrne, Eanna Nolan

Conference papers

The release of CO2 from calcination during the manufacture of cement can be partially or fully offset by the CO2 it naturally absorbs during its lifetime. This paper reports results from a preliminary investigation into the rate of carbonation in concrete blocks stacked in a production yard over a period of 6 months. The blocks were stacked in a normal manner under natural exposure conditions. Carbonation progress was determined by splitting the blocks and spraying the freshly exposed surface with a phenolphthalein solution at intervals over the test period. It was found that the rate of the carbonation front progression …

An Overview Of The Development Of Cement-Based Batteries For The Cathodic Protection Of Embedded Steel In Concrete, Aimee Byrne, Niall Holmes, Brian Norton

Conference papers

This paper presents an overview of the cement-based batteries developed in DIT for use in the cathodic protection of embedded steel in reinforced concrete undergoing chloride-induced corrosion. Cathodic protection delivers an external current (approximately 20mA per m2 of embedded steel) which effectively polarises the internal current generated during corrosion. The batteries developed in DIT comprise of a cement-based electrolyte containing different additives including sand, aggregate, salts, carbon black and plasticiser with protruding anode and cathode metal plates. These batteries produced an initial electrical output of 1.5V and 23mA through a 10 resistor as measured using data acquisition units and a …

Microwave Material Characterization Of Alkali-Silica Reaction (Asr) Gel In Cementitious Materials, Ashkan Hashemi

Doctoral Dissertations

"Since alkali-silica reaction (ASR) was recognized as a durability challenge in cement-based materials over 70 years ago, numerous methods have been utilized to prevent, detect, and mitigate this issue. However, quantifying the amount of produced ASR byproducts (i.e., ASR gel) in-service is still of great interest in the infrastructure industry. The overarching objective of this dissertation is to bring a new understanding to the fundamentals of ASR formation from a microwave dielectric property characterization point-of-view, and more importantly, to investigate the potential for devising a microwave nondestructive testing approach for ASR gel detection and evaluation. To this end, a comprehensive …

A Cracking Methodology To Assess Fracture And Fatigue Properties Of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Overlay Tester, Victor M. Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Several highway agencies have either implemented or considered implementing performance tests to predict the cracking potential of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures in the laboratory setting. One such test, the Overlay Tester (OT) test, measures the number of cycles to failure of the AC specimens by simulating the opening and closing of the cracks induced by daily temperature variations and high tensile strain generated by the traffic load. The variability of the OT test results is expressed as a major concern in reliably characterizing the cracking potential of the AC mixes.

The performance of the OT test, in general, and current …

Methodology For Analyzing Epoxy-Cnt Phononic Crystals For Wave Attenuation And Guiding, Madhu Kolati

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Phononic crystals (PhnCs) control, direct and manipulate sound waves to achieve wave guiding and attenuation. This dissertation presents methodology for analyzing nanotube materials based phononic crystals to achieve control over sound, vibration and stress mitigation. Much of the analytical work presented is in identifying frequency band gaps in which sound or vibration cannot propagate through these PhnCs. Wave attenuation and mitigation analysis is demonstrated using finite element simulation. Engineering principles from current research areas of solid mechanics, solid-state physics, elasto-dynamics, mechanical vibrations and acoustics are employed for the methodology. A considerable effort is put to show that these PhnCs can …

Heterogeneous Thermal Effects On Structural-Grade Steel, Eric Wickersham

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The AISC Steel Construction Manual covers structural steel design while at atmospheric and elevated temperatures. The manual does not, though, cover what happens to the steel after it has cooled from elevated temperatures. To fill in this knowledge gap, A36 steel was studied with respect to three main criteria: time, temperature, and cooling. Time was sub-divided into a standard burn (17-20min) and a prolonged burn (90min). Temperature was sub-divided into an average burn (600-800⁰F) and an extreme burn (>1200⁰F). To reach such temperatures, a forge was constructed and used during the burning process. Cooling was sub-divided into standard (air …

Influence Of The Substrate Characteristics On The Bond Behavior Of Pbo Frcm-Concrete Joints, Tommaso D'Antino, Lesley H. Sneed, Christian Carloni, Carlo Pellegrino

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites can be employed as a valid alternative to Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The weakness of FRCM-concrete joints has been reported to be at the matrix-fiber interface rather than within the concrete substrate, as is usually reported in the case of FRP-concrete joints. The experimental investigations regarding FRCM strengthening available in the literature have been performed by applying the FRCM composite onto a surface that was treated before the application, usually by grinding or sandblasting. However, the role of the substrate characteristics on the failure mechanism of …

Calibration Of Numerical Model For Shoreline Change Prediction Using Satellite Imagery Data, Sigit Sutikno, Keisuke Murakami, Dwi Puspo Handoyo, Manyuk Fauzi

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper presents a method for calibration of numerical model for shoreline change prediction using satellite imagery data in muddy beach. Tanjung Motong beach, a muddy beach that is suffered high abrasion in Rangsang Island, Riau province, Indonesia was picked as study area. The primary numerical modeling tool used in this research was GENESIS (GENEralized Model for Simulating Shoreline change), which has been successfully applied in many case studies of shoreline change phenomena on a sandy beach.The model was calibrated using two extracted coastlines satellite imagery data, such as Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS. The extracted coastline data were analyzed …

Independency Of Elasticity On Residual Stress Of Room Temperature Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Plates For Structure Materials, Parikin Parikin, David Allen

Makara Journal of Technology

Mechanical strengths of materials are widely expected in general constructions of any building. These properties depend on its formation (cold/hot forming) during fabrication. This research was carried out on cold-rolled stainless steel (SS) 304 plates, which were deformed to 0, 34, 84, and 152% reduction in thickness. The tests were conducted using Vickers method. Ultra micro indentation system (UMIS) 2000 was used to determine the mechanical properties of the material, i.e.: hardness, modulus elasticity, and residual stresses. The microstructures showed lengthening outcropping due to stress corrosion cracking for all specimens. It was found that the tensile residual stress in a …

Effect Of Fly Ash Fortification In The Manufacture Process Of Making Concrete Towards Characteristics Of Concrete In Sulfuric Acid Solution, Asep Handaya Saputra, Muhammad Shohibi, Masatoshi Kubouchi

Makara Journal of Technology

Fly ash is a silica or alumino silica material that can be used as a constituent of cement in the concrete manufacturing process. Utilization of fly ash aims to improve durability and minimize the reduction of concrete’s compressive strength exposed to an acidic environment, which can be achieved through the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash with Ca(OH)2 within concrete. The reduced content of Ca(OH)2 through pozzolanic reaction will minimize the tendency of ettringite formation (compounds that cause deterioration and decrease the compressive strength of concrete). In order to determine the relation between fly ash replenishment into concrete with concrete’s characteristics …

Improving Renewable Energy Transition Acceptance: A Simulation Gaming Approach On A Multi Actor Setting In The Netherlands, Aziiz Sutrisno, Jac A. M. Vennix, Noor Syaifudin

Makara Journal of Technology

The Netherlands have tried very hard to increase their renewable energy sources (RES) shares to fulfill the European Union target in 2050. However, RES performance did not show the expected result as the performance declined in 2009 producing even wider gap compare to the target. The Dutch government’s tried to incorporate all interested stakeholders by forming the Dutch energy transition task force. Nevertheless, the task force’s result is also not showing a desirable trend. Key reasons behind the Dutch low RES performance are the lack of shared understanding and positive attitude toward RES development among interested actors. This research uses …

Oxidation Process Of H 2 O /Uv For Cod Reduction Of Wastewater From Soybean Tofu Production, Komala Pontas, Abrar Muslim

Makara Journal of Technology

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction of wastewater from soybean tofu production was studied by conducting advanced oxidation process (AOP) using hydrogen peroxide with UV radiation catalysts in a closed cylindrical glass reactor. The hydroxyl radical (*OH) concentration from H2O2 decomposition was modeled, and exponential trends were found for the *OH concentration over radiation time and operation temperature. As a result, it was found that the maximal *OH concentration was 0.209 mol L-1 at 240 minutes and 50 °C. The *OH concentration exponentially increased following rise in operation temperature. The H2O2/UV AOP application reduced COD concentration to approximately 42.41% from 10,545 …

Uplift Of Shoreline Regions On Pagai Island Due To The September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Earthquake Captured By Sar Image, Ashar Muda Lubis

Makara Journal of Technology

At least 25 people were killed by the September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake, and many buildings were destroyed in Bengkulu and West Sumatra provinces. It is very important to estimate the earth surface deformation due to the earthquake to understand the rupture size and its process. The aim of this research is to estimate the shoreline change and vertical displacement on Pagai Island associated with the September 12, 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake. The intensity of ALOS-PALSAR satellite images is used to access the pattern of displacement. The result shows that Pagai Island demonstrated huge uplift due to …

Dual-Band Singly-Fed Proximity-Coupled Tip-Truncated Triangular Patch Array For Land Vehicle Mobile System, Basari Basari, Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper proposes a dual-band left-handed circularly polarized triangular-patch array that is developed for land vehicle mobile system aimed at mobile satellite communications. The array consists of six tip-truncated triangular patches, which the first three patches are used for reception and the second three patches are used for transmission purpose. Each of three-patches has a beam pattern that can be switched in three different 120°-coverage beam in azimuth-cut plane at a minimum targeted gain at a desired elevation angle. The targeted minimum gain of the array is 5 dBic, in order for data communications with a large geostationary satellite can …

Improvement Of Quality Of Carica Papaya L. With Clove Oil As Preservative In Edible Coating Technology, Eny Kusrini, Anwar Usman, Chrispine Deksita Wisakanti, Rita Arbianti, Dedy Alharis Nasution

Makara Journal of Technology

We have studied utilization of essential clove oil, extracted from clove buds by hydrodistillation, as preservative in edible packaging technology. Preservative of essential clove oil was applied on chopped papaya fruits by using two methods, namely spray and brush. The effects of concentration of clove oil from 0.05 to 0.20% on the preservation of papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) at room temperature (25 °C) were also evaluated. Physicochemical and in vitro microbiological activities on the papaya fruits that were stored at 25 oC and 85-90% relative humidity were investigated in details. The results indicate that the clove oil at concentration …

Evaluating Corrosion Resistance Of Reinforcing Steel In A Novel Green Concrete, Andrea Carolina Ramirez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Reinforced concrete structures are expected to have a long service life with minimal maintenance. Corrosion of reinforcing steel is a major factor in reducing concrete structure lifespan, as corrosion products occupy a larger volume than that of the consumed steel and generate tensile stresses that crack the concrete cover. Procedures to control corrosion in traditional concrete, which is made with Portland-cement (PC), have been well established. However, in recent years novel concrete materials based on alternatives to normally cured PC have been developed in response to global needs to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. In particular, a promising new cement has …

A Comparison Of The Bond Behavior Of Pbo-Frcm Composites Determined By Double-Lap And Single-Lap Shear Tests, Lesley Sneed, T. D'Antino, C. Carloni, C. Pellegrino

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the bond behavior and stress-transfer mechanism of polyparaphenylene benzo isoxazole (PBO) fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites bonded to a concrete substrate using double-lap and single-lap shear tests. Results of double-lap shear tests with different composite bonded lengths and widths are presented and compared with those from single-lap shear tests previously reported by the authors. The idealized load response developed from single-lap shear tests is found to characterize the response of the composite in double-lap shear tests, although with a few key differences. With the double-lap shear test, load redistribution among the …

Pre-Construction Rock Treatment And Soil Modification Program Using Low Mobility Grout To Mitigate Future Sinkhole Development In A 2,787.1 Square Meter (30,000 Sf) Maintenance Facility, Steven W. Shifflett

Sinkhole Conference 2015

The US Army required construction of a 2,787.1 square meters (30,000 sf) maintenance facility supported on shallow foundations at the Fort Campbell Military Installation. During the subsurface investigation a seven foot air-filled void was encountered in the bedrock within the building footprint. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) was conducted in an attempt to determine the lateral extent of the encountered void and to establish the general prevalence of karst features at the site. Due to uncertainty in the subsurface conditions, a rock treatment and soil modification program was developed which consisted of a series of targeted exploratory grout holes advanced in …