Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Internal Curing And Shrinkage-Mitigating Materials On Microstructural Characteristics Of Fiber-Reinforced Mortar, Kamran Aghaee, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Internal curing (IC) and other shrinkage mitigating materials are employed to reduce shrinkage and risk of cracking. This study investigates the efficiency of individual versus combined use of IC and shrinkage mitigating materials on key characteristics of fiber-reinforced mortar (FRM). The investigated mixtures include a 25% pre-saturated lightweight sand (LWS) that is added individually and combined with 10% CaO-based expansive agent (EA) and 2% shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA). This elucidates the synergistic effect of high content IC and EA/SRA on macro- and micro-mechanical characteristics of FRM, especially at the interface of the matrix with fibers. Mechanical properties, microstructural characteristics, and …

Viscoelastic Properties Of Fresh Cement Paste: Measuring Procedures And Influencing Parameters, Ammar Yahia, Arnaud Perrot, Dimitri Feys, Kamal Khayat, Mohammed Sonebi, Shiho Kawashima, Wolfram Schmidt

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fresh cement pastes behave as viscoelastic materials below the flow onset. The measurements of viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste provide valuable insight into the dispersion of solid particles as well as the hydration kinetics at early age and its influence on the structural evolution and solidification behavior at quasi-static conditions. Monitoring the development of viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste using dynamic oscillatory shear measurements can also elucidate the working mechanisms of chemical admixtures. These properties are efficient indicators to guide mixture proportion design and are necessary to understand the rheology and stability of concrete. In this paper, the …

Prediction Of Compressive Strength And Evaluation Of Different Theoretical Standards And Proposed Models Of Brick Columns Confined With Frp, Frcm, Or Srg System, Zuhair Al-Jaberi, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Strength Capacity of Confined Masonry Column is One of the Topics that Need to Be Studied. in This Study, the Efficiency of using Different Types of Advanced Composite (Non-Corrosive Materials) Such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), or Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) in Confining Masonry Columns is Investigated. a Wide Range of Experimental Database of Masonry Column Specimens Has Been Collected from the Results that Available in Scientific Literatures. Different Theoretical Standards and Proposed Models that Used to Predict the Capacity of Masonry Columns Confined with FRP and FRCM Are Evaluated based on Collected Experimental …

On The Development Of Part-Scale Fem Modeling For Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Aisi 316l Stainless Steel With Experimental Verification, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Asif Ur Rehman, M. Mustafa Azeem, Abedalkader Alkhouzaam, Marwan Khraisheh

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), the effects of operating conditions on thermal gradients and residual stresses are the utmost challenges that require significant attention. The magnitudes of residual stress in the printed layers, as well as the distribution along the printed components, have not been well explained for LPBF parts. In this study, a 3D finite element thermo-mechanical model has been established to investigate the effect of operating conditions on thermal distribution, melt pool evolution, residual stress distribution, and part distortion. The printed AISI 316L stainless steel cubes have been characterized experimentally. The results showed a proportional correlation among …

Building Services Engineering July/August 2023

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Evolution And Morphology Of Urban And Road Networks: Case Study Lebanon-Nabatiyeh Area, Amal Al Ghorayeb, Adel Elkordi, Ghaleb Faour, Zeinab Jaber, Youssef Attallah

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

This study examines the morphology and evolution of urban and road networks and their relationship with topography in the Lebanon-Nabatiyeh area, by using GIS and remote sensing data. and calculate the annual urban growth percentage rate. The results reveal a clear relationship between the morphology of urban and road networks and their evolution over four periods, as well as the influence of the surrounding topography on their configuration. The study recommends that urban areas should be developed in areas with a slope range of 15º or more to improve the urban structure and infrastructure surrounding them. Understanding the evolution and …

Construction And Preliminary Application Of The Carbon-Based Spatial Governance Performance Evaluation System ——Taking Zhejiang Province As An Example, Lin Qu, Ganlin Xia, Cunkuan Bao Prof.

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Carbon is generated through human socio-economic activities, with territorial space serving as the medium for these activities. Variations in spatial governance result in differences in the scale, intensity and efficiency of social and economic activities, as well as energy and resource consumption and carbon emissions across diverse functional spaces. Consequently, spatial governance performance should be evaluated using carbon-related indicators. This study initially established a theoretical model for assessing spatial governance performance based on carbon and an evaluation method encompassing three dimensions or indices "level-progress-gap". Zhejiang Province and its 11 prefecture-level cities were selected as the research area for preliminary application …

The Concept Of Permeability On The Neighbourhood Scale, Aulia Urrohmah, Evawani Ellisa, Achmad Hery Fuad

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Urban sprawl is rapidly expanding in the outskirts of Jakarta, resulting in a patchwork of urban areas. Unlike many walkable cities in Europe that have long embraced the pedestrian culture, Jakarta and other developing cities have prioritized private vehicle-oriented development, leading to mixed urban forms. According to data from BPS in 2022, over 16.5 million motorcycles are registered in Jakarta, and 62.3% of Jabodetabek commuters use them. This study recognizes the permeability of neighbourhood scale concerning using motorcycles to support daily mobility. This narrative qualitative research investigated permeability regarding the legibility, variety, and perceptual aspects. In addition, to illustrate the …

Developing Sustainable Smart Cities To Improve Citizen's Quality Of Life And Well-Being, Mohammed Ali Berawi, Mustika Sari, Perdana Miraj

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

In the wake of urbanization and environmental challenges, cities nowadays face multiple issues related to uncontrolled urban growth, insufficient public infrastructure, and inadequate citizen participation in the management of public affairs. Sustainable urban development cannot be achieved without addressing these challenges, necessitating a paradigm shift in urban space management. Therefore, urban development needs to shift traditional concepts and focus on incorporating smart and environmentally friendly practices that allow cities to adapt and implement intelligent solutions to meet the needs of their citizens while continuing to protect the environment.

To achieve sustainability, cities should prioritize a balance between economic activity, population …

Gender Analysis Of Sustainable Housing Choices Of Rental Household Heads In Abuja Municipal Council, Nigeria, Amos Chom Haruna, Stephen Mukiibi, Assumpta Nnaggenda-Musana

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Households' income and other concerns constitute important sustainable housing choices factors that play vital roles in influencing rental housing affordability decisions. The study determined both male and female households can make economic, social, and environmental housing choices to meet their affordable rental needs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 285 households obtained from a random sampling of 450 households living in private rental housing in Trademore estate in the Lugbe district of Abuja. Among the 285 households, 226 were household heads representing 79.3% of the respondents' households. The household heads consist of …

People-Centric And Inclusive Approach To Planning Of Smart Cities, Olli Jakonen

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

The smart city continues from intelligent, creative, and sustainable urban development imaginaries and started as a technologically oriented urban development framework. Since its conception, debates between academics, planning practitioners, and private firms have expanded and questioned original notions of ‘smart’ to consider people-centeredness, participation, and inclusion themes broadly. These discussions in smart cities have pointed to a need to question and revise many of the aims, approaches, and methods related to smart urban development. This review asks what elements and factors could be required for a city to be considered smart and people centric. The participatory design enabled by digital …

Evaluating Insurance Funds As A Financing Source For Infrastructure Development: A Case Study Of Indonesia, Mohammed Ali Berawi, Suyono Dikun, Ristu Bintoro, Mustika Sari, Suci Indah Susilowati

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

There is a funding deficit that cannot be covered by relying solely on government money to build Indonesia’s Infrastructure; consequently, additional sources of financing are engaging the private sector to fill the gap. Insurance funds are an alternative funding source in many countries, although their application is still at an early stage. By assessing the risks faced by insurance companies involved in infrastructure investment, this paper attempts to evaluate the use of insurance money as an alternative funding source for infrastructure investment in Indonesia. The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) technique was used in the quantitative methodology of this study to …

Empowerment Of Increasing Economic Resilience Post Covid-19 Janjang Wulung Village Community Through Creative Economic Village Planning, Alvian Wardhana, Muhammad Ramayuda, Faza Farhan Muhammad, Acyuta Putri Nariswari, Salsa Dwi Cahya Arifin, Garin Ardi Wicaksono, Dani Rizky Dianafi, Muhammad Ivan Riyandhika Saad Psf

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

Janjang Wulung Village is one of seven villages located at a highland of 593.73 meters above sea level in Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java. Janjang Wulung Village has natural resource potential from coffee, apples, avocados, and forest products supported by the plantation area, reaching 280.1 and farmers of 1,072 people. The livestock sector is also one of the superior productions in Janjang Wulung Village, with each household having 3-6 dairy cattle with a population of 602 people who work as breeders. However, the condition of COVID-19 limiting social activities resulted in a 20% to 40% decrease in income. So, …

An Assessment Of Urban Change And Its Drivers In Suleja Local Government Area Of Niger State, Nigeria, Bamiji Michael Adeleye, Kenneth Ssemwogerere, Paul Isolo Mukwaya, Amin Tamale Kiggundu, Fredrick Omolo-Okalebo, Lydia Mazzi Kayondo

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

The knowledge of urban change is critical to the management and planning of urban areas. Robust geospatial technologies have increasingly enhanced our understanding of urban change. This paper employs remote sensing and GIS data from the earth explorer data archive to assess the character and pattern of urban change in Suleja Local Government Area (Niger State in Nigeria) and its drives from 1987 to 2019. The nature and character of urban change are examined from the lens of the urban intensity index and the urban land use/cover change. Data from the geospatial techniques were corroborated with secondary data from the …

Rejuvenation Effect Of Aged Sbs-Modified Asphalt Utilizing Molecule Analysis, Ke Shi, Feng Ma, Jenny Liu, Zhen Fu, Ruimeng Song, Dongdong Yuan, Chen Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Performance of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modified Asphalt (SBSMA) is Significantly Impacted by its Aging and Regeneration. in This Research, the Molecular Dynamics Simulation Was Utilized to Investigate the Rejuvenation Effect of Active Reagents on Aged SBS Modified Asphalt through the Following Tasks: 1) Verifying the Accuracy of the Asphalt Model by Density and Solubility Parameters; 2) Assessing the Changes in the Rejuvenated Asphalt Model's Energetic Parameters and Volume Parameters, 3) Studying the Interaction Energy between SBS Molecules and Asphalt Molecule Models, and 4) Evaluating the Relative Concentration, Interfacial Interaction Energy, and Diffusion Effect of the Asphalt-Asphalt Models. the Results Indicated that …

Digital Education And Training Inventory, Ken Thomas, Robin Stubbs, Emily Shakespeare, Theresa Marie Greiwe

Tools

As the construction industry continues to evolve and increasingly embraces digitisation, an early-stage deliverable for Build Digital Project was to conduct a horizon scan of the opportunities available for those within the construction sector. A primary aim, therefore, is to provide a comprehensive inventory of educational and training provisions that exist within Ireland at present.

The resulting searchable inventory focuses on key educational sectors including Universities, Educational Training Boards (ETBS), Colleges of Further Education, Professional bodies and similar organisations.

Supporting The Delivery Of Information Management And Bim In Ireland: Learnings From Selected International Regions, Alan Hore, Ciaran Mcnally, Adekunle Qudus Adeleke, Wahib Saif

Reports

The Executive Summary introduction the report recommendations for Build Digital with respect to information management and the use of BIM as a critical vehicle of innovation to unlock improved project outcomes in construction.

Toward Low Carbon Footprint And Lightweight Masonry Alkali-Activated Material, Zina Ebrahim, Mohammad Mastali, Marc Maguire

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The portland cement concrete industry and the masonry industry are undergoing changes in response to skilled labor shortages and concerns over climate and pollution. There may be interest from parts of the industry in lower carbon footprint and lightweight masonry products. Toward this aim, the use of hemp shiv--the woody core of the hemp plant--in alkali-activated concrete was investigated herein and shown to have a wide range of impacts on the hardened state characteristics of a material suitable for structural concrete masonry units (CMUs) in accordance with ASTM C90 requirements. Hemp shiv is well known for its use in hempcrete, …

Automated Detection And Characterization Of Cracks On Concrete Using Laser Scanning, Yunfeng Ge, Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Huiming Tang, Xiaolong Xia

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate crack detection and characterization on concrete are essential for the maintenance, safety, and serviceability of various infrastructures. In this paper, an innovative approach was developed to automatically measure the cracks from 3D point clouds collected by a phase-shift terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (FARO Focus3D S120). The approach integrates several techniques to characterize the cracks, which include the deviation on point normal determined using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and principal components analysis (PCA) algorithms to identify the cracks, and principal axes and curve skeletons of cracks to determine the projected and real dimensions of cracks, respectively. The coordinate transformation was then …

Field Implementation And Performance Of Fiber-Reinforced Low-Shrinkage Concrete For Bridge Deck Construction, Ahmed Abdelrazik, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Reports on the Field Implementation of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Used for Redecking the Two-Span overpass Bridge in Missouri. the Spans Measured 38.4 and 35.05 M in Length. Modeling of the Structural Behavior of the Bridge Replacement Deck Indicated Significantly High Tensile Stresses at Midspan (Up to 45 MPa) Due to the Continuity of the Deck over the Four Precast Main Girders. Redecking of the Bridge and Casting of the Central Diaphragm Were Carried Out Continuously and Necessitated 40 Concrete Truck Deliveries of 252 M3 of FRC. Six Sensor Towers Were Installed in the Bridge Deck to Monitor Variations …

Rilem Tc 266-Mrp: Round-Robin Rheological Tests On High Performance Mortar And Concrete With Adapted Rheology—A Comprehensive Flow Curve Analysis, Dimitri Feys, Helena Keller, Khadija El Cheikh, Egor Secrieru, Yannick Vanhove

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A comprehensive testing program was carried out to compare the rheological properties of flowable concrete that can be obtained from different rheometers. The results obtained from seven rheometers using vane or similar geometries are discussed. A comprehensive flow curve analysis is undertaken for further comparison of the various rheometers. Partially, large differences could be observed between the results obtained from the different rheometers. However, the device-specific trendlines are shown to have significant correlations with the overall baseline. Two potential causes of differences between results are highlighted: imposition/registration of torque/rotational velocity and discrepancies between the measured material flow behavior in the …

Preliminary Bond Capacity Exploration Between Monolayer Graphene And Cementitious Composites, Yanping Zhu, Chuanrui Guo, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Aims to Explore Bond Capacity between Monolayer Graphene and Cementitious Composites for the First Time through a Pullout Test. the Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Method Was Used to Synthesize Monolayer Graphene on the Copper Substrate to Be Embedded in the Mortar Made by the Briquette Mold. the Bond Capacity between Them Was Higher Than the Tensile Strength of the Copper Sheet with As-Grown Monolayer Graphene on the Surface Since All Specimens Failed in Fracture with Embedment Length of More Than 30 Mm. the Monolayer Graphene Enhanced the Copper Tensile Fracture Stress and Normalized Energy during the Test as …

Sustainability In Concrete Masonry With Natural Pozzolans, Ceiley L. Davis

Architectural Engineering: Graduate Reports

To achieve greater sustainability in masonry construction for the Western market it is common to replace masonry grout's partial cement content with waste pozzolans. As waste pozzolans are in limited supply, as the coal burning market in the West diminishes, this research investigates viable grout mixtures which replace cement with Natural Pozzolans, a more plentiful sustainable replacement. The present work investigated the percentage of Natural Pozzolans that can be partially substituted for cement for grout mixtures to achieve an axial compressive strength of 2000psi within 28 and 56 days of curing. To determine efficacy per ASTM 476-22, “Standards Specifications for …

Xenabloom, Sophia Maglabe, Ryer Lauth, Elizabeth Shaw, Sheyna Rongong

Architectural Engineering

Proposal for an architectural and structural design of a shade structure at the Leaning Pine Arboretum, employing the Xenaform typology of Poly Shells, LLC.

Investigation Of Natural Pozzolans: Analyzing The Practicality Of Natural Pozzolans As A Partial Substitute For Cement In Grout Production, Jadyn I. Breien, Andrew J. Baro, Logan T. Marino

Architectural Engineering

This senior project aims to investigate whether natural pozzolans are more sustainable than fly ash and a sufficient substitute for cement in the production of grout. By following the intent of the ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) standards, a conclusion will be made to determine if natural pozzolans can contribute comparable strength in compression. The objective is to prove that natural pozzolans should be utilized in the production of grout rather than alternatives such as fly ash because it can provide similar strength while being more economical and more sustainable.

The Center For Centering Dome, Olek Piechaczek, Ryan M. Scharf

Architectural Engineering

The Center for Centering seeks to create a large-scale healing center, conducive to individual centering of the mind and body. This mobile installation provides a relaxing, enclosed space while still maintaining a connection to the outdoors. The clients liked the idea of having a pop-up installation that could be easily set up as a touring display. With a deadline for installation looming in June 2022, a team of students had five months to design and manufacture the structure.

In winter 2022, the students developed custom geometry to minimize the number of individual parts and built a ¼ scale model of …

Exploring The Potential Of Pavegen’S Kinetic Energy Generating Floor For Sustainable Energy Solutions: A Proposal For Cal Poly Slo, Brandon J. Cuneo

Construction Management

This paper proposes the installation of Pavegen's kinetic energy generating floors at Cal Poly’s campus as a sustainable energy solution. Pavegen has developed a pioneering technology that converts footsteps into clean and renewable energy. The versatility of these floors is demonstrated through successful implementations in various settings, such as transportation hubs and public spaces, generating power from foot traffic. Collaborations with Schneider Electric, installation at Dupont Circle, and integration at Heathrow Airport showcase the potential for sustainable urban infrastructure. This paper outlines research conducted on Pavegen and similar solutions, including communication with company representatives and examining proposed installation locations at …

Attainable And Sustainable Home Building Solutions, Katrina Matthews

Construction Management

Sustainability has fortunately been a recent concern in the construction industry as climate change continues to impose potentially insurmountable threats to the global environment. Although many new methods have been adopted in efforts to lessen the adverse environmental effects of construction-related activities, as a society, we still have much room for growth as the built environment accounts for almost 50% of global emissions. Many changes and standards must be adopted to make these solutions efficiently beneficial. To set industry standards, we must start with the most basic form of construction- residential building. This report covers two attainable framing solutions for …

City Farm Slo Educational Pizza Oven, Koby J. Ramage

Construction Management

City Farm SLO is a nonprofit that educates the public about growing food, and they donate the produce to food banks and communities in need. Their mission is to promote healthy living through sustainable agriculture and farm-based education. This senior project is to build them an educational pizza oven for them to use in their classes. With it they will give lessons where they cook pizzas using ingredients that they grow on site. To do this, the builder had to make it lightweight and able to move around the property to different meeting places and outdoor classrooms. It is also …

Development Of The New Hasslein Caed Collaborative, Catie Dines

Construction Management

This paper outlines the development and execution of the new Hasslein CAED Collaborative student competition which engages students of all five majors in the College of Architecture and Environmental Design in a Request for Proposal style competition. CAED houses students studying Architecture, Architectural Engineering, City and Regional Planning, Construction Management, and Landscape Architecture. There is little opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration within the CAED, despite our future career paths being heavily intertwined. This competition followed research by Greta Stout, class of 2022, on the benefits and support of interdisciplinary collaboration at Cal Poly SLO in CAED. The competition is named after …