Thermodynamics Commons^™

Neural Network Technologies In The Automatical Control Systems Of Absorption Process For Pureficating Natural Gas, Abdishukurov Maqsudovich Shavkat Mr, Xuecheng Li Li Xuecheng Mr

Technical science and innovation

Analysis of methods and algorithms for synthesizing adaptive control systems for technological processes based on the neural network approach is carried out in this search. The stages of mathematical modeling of complex technological processes using neural network technology were considered. Additionally, an algorithm for solving the interpolation and extrapolation problem that arises in the training process a neural network to control system was proposed. At the final stage of this article, algorithms based on neural network technology are synthesized for the control system for the parameters of the technological process of natural gas purification by absorption

Physicochemical Properties And Chemical Compositions Of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Extracted With Carbon Dioxide–Expanded Hexane, Neema Msuya, Joseph Yn Philip, Frank Jacob, Kando K. Janga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a mixture of phenolic compounds that can effectively replace commercially available phenols in various applications. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of CNSL extracted using CO₂–expanded hexane (CXH) and compared to the traditional Soxhlet extraction method. Steamed cashew nut shells (sCNS) were used in both cases.  The CXH was carried under varying CO₂-mole fractions (0.468-0.892) and temperatures (20-36 °C) whereas Soxhlet extraction was performed at atmospheric pressure and hexane boiling point. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Face-Centred Design (CCFD) was employed to evaluate the effect …

Predicting Simulation Times For Multiphase Thermal-Hydraulic Models, Andrew Yule, Andrew Taylor

SMU Data Science Review

Addressing the challenge of computationally intensive OLGA

simulations in the oil and gas industry, a machine learning framework is

developed for accurate runtime prediction. A specialized feature extraction

pipeline identifies key parameters—such as simulation time, time step,

number of branches, and section count—from OLGA input files that serve as

high-impact predictors. Multiple predictive models, including regression,

tree-based ensembles, and neural networks, are implemented to validate

accuracy and robustness. Results reveal that prioritizing simulations based on

predicted runtimes optimizes licensing resources and reduces operational

costs, making real-time scheduling more efficient. This research demonstrates

the effectiveness of data-driven runtime prediction in enhancing …

Membrane Reactor Modeling And Optimization For Hydrogen Production, Ayooluwa Tomiwa Akintola

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There has been an ongoing trend toward cleaner fuels for more environmentally benign forms of energy generation. Recently, hydrogen has been identified as a clean fuel for energy generation. However, the most established, efficient, and widely utilized technique for producing hydrogen remains the steam methane reforming (SMR) in the presence of catalyst. Unlike other fossil fuels, utilizing methane from natural gas in an SMR process to produce hydrogen emits less, but yet a notable sum of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the endothermic nature of SMR reactions imply that there is a high energy requirement to obtain a substantial amount of hydrogen …

Modeling And Simulation Of A Process For Upcycling Of Low-Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste To Ethylene, Xiaoyan Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ethylene is one of the most widely produced petrochemicals, with an estimated global output of 180 million metric tons in 2022. Approximately 82 million metric tons of ethylene are used annually for plastic production, primarily for polyethylene (PE), as well as polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The CO₂ emissions associated with PE production were approximately 14 million metric tons in 2022. Globally, an estimated 70 million metric tons of PE are produced and consumed each year, with the majority (~79%) ending up in landfills or the environment.

This project proposes a novel process in which waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) …

Smart Manufacturing Of Cement: From Lab-Scale Simulation And Testing To Industry-Scale Deployment., Juan David Tabares Tamayo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cement kilns are controlled by experienced process operators who follow experience-based industry guidelines using data collected and fundamental knowledge. The manufacturing process, which is equipped with sensors and equipment, transfers data/information to the operators to aid standardized decision-making operations. In contrast, companies have used such data to develop and implement digital solutions for predictive control systems; in effect, FLSmidth and Rockwell Automation. However, despite the availability of automated control systems and investigation in automation for process monitoring and optimization, opportunities to radically optimize cement manufacturing are still abundant and in need of implementation. Therefore, this research developed simulation models and …

Design And Optimization Of An Azeotropic Distillation Pilot Plant For The Production Of Pure Ethanol, Samwel V. Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aimed to design an azeotropic distillation plant using Aspen Plus® V10 software and determine optimal process conditions for producing pure ethanol greater than 95% from pre-concentrated near-azeotropic ethanol-water solution. The non-random two-liquid Redlich-Kwong thermodynamic model was the base method for property analysis and performance prediction. Modelling and simulation of the converged process were conducted for fixed column variables (R = 5, N = 12 and p = 1 atm). Plant operating parameters were varied in the range of 0 to 1 for the pre-heater vapour fraction, 2 to 10 for the column feed plates (NFP), 2 to 6 …

Effect Of Zr And W Doping On Microstructures, Transition Temperature And Solar Transmittance Modulation Of Thermochromic W/Zr Co-Doped Vo2 Thin Films, Haji F. Haji

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Thermochromic W/Zr co-doped VO2-based thin films with different concentrations of Zr were successfully deposited on soda lime glass substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of V(99)W(01) alloy and Zr targets at a substrate temperature of 425 °C. The films were characterized by x–ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), two-point probe and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy. The film’s structural properties evolution was significantly influenced by Zr concentration in the films. The transition temperature and hysteresis loop widths of the films were found to decrease with increasing Zr concentration. For the Zr concentrations of 0.21 at.%, 0.23 at.% …

Study Of The Effects Of Thermal Aging Coupled With Shot-Peening Treatment Of Carbonitrided Din 1.6587 Low Alloy Steel On Retained Austenite And Residual Stresses, Richard J. Katemi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This work investigated the effects of thermal aging and shot-peening of carbonitrided 1.6587 steel grade on retained austenite and residual stresses. After carbonitriding samples contained maximum of 0.87% carbon, 0.34% nitrogen and 50 mass. -% retained austenite. Thermal aging conditions investigated were -30°C, 90°C and 150°C while the aging period were 14, 96 and 720 hours. After thermal aging, some of the samples were subjected to shot-peening treatment using standard cut wire shots StD – G3 - 0.6 mm VDFI 8001 with intensity in the range of 0.25 to 0.30 mmA and coverage of 1.00 to 1.24 x 98%. It …

Employment Of Intelligent Predictive Maintenance On Thermal Power Plant Component Parts Taking Condenser Vacuum As A Case Study, Titus Ajewole

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This work proposes deployment of machine learning in the maintenance of individual constituent parts of steam power plant assemblages. With the condenser vacuum of a steam turbine (in a six-turbine plant assemblage) taken as a case study, information on the past operating parameters of the selected plant component was used to forecast its future working condition. Based on Exponential Gaussian Process of Regression, a model was developed, trained using the diachronic operational data, and employed in determining the future. A quantitative evaluation was employed to provide the distribution of the test values of the data about the lines of regression, …

Techno-Economic Analysis And Optimization Of Hydrogen And Mechanical Energy Storage Systems, Pavitra Senthamilselvan Sengalani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The increasing significance of renewable energy sources is thrusting the load cycling of fossil-fueled power plants (FFPP), designed to operate under nominal-load conditions. Integration of energy storage systems (ESS) with the FFPPs such as hydrogen energy storage (HES) and mechanical energy storage facility such as compressed air energy storage (CAES) shows the potential to minimize the levelized cost of electricity during high demand scenarios and also minimize the negative impacts of off-design FFPP operation. The deployment of energy storage facilities at the FFPP level have considerable potential advantages as they can be exploited within the existing equipment items and facilities …

Optimization Of Styrene From Ethylbenzene Case Study, Jabria Daria Thompson

Honors Theses

The following pages detail the optimization process of styrene from ethylbenzene in the Styrene Production Plant, Unit 500. There were two parts of the assignment, each with slightly different end goals. The goal of the first part of the assignment, was to create a process that would effectively and efficiently increase the negative Net Present Value (NPV) of the production plant. Procedures taken in this process included developing a working kinetic process simulation model and optimizing this model through unit operations and heat integration, as well as developing an accurate economic model that will be used to evaluate the proposed …

Economic Feasibility Of Mixed Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Using Twin Reactor System In Northwest Arkansas, Carol Rogers, Patricia Means, Renato Gonzalez, Kaida Sheets, Hayden Townsend

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Plastic waste generation is increasing at an unsustainable rate while recycling solutions remain stagnant. As a chemical means of recycling, mixed plastic waste pyrolysis can generate synthetic oil appropriate for use as fuel in power generation from plastic waste that otherwise accumulates in landfills. With the scaling of a commercial plastic pyrolysis process in Northwest Arkansas (NWA) modeled after an operational sawdust pyrolysis unit in Huntsville, Arkansas, economic analysis resulted in 26.3% internal rate of return. Therefore, construction of a commercial mixed plastic-to-fuel pyrolysis plant is economically justified and should be pursued. To effectively implement the proposed design, NWA must …

Dynamic Modelling And Control Of Grid-Level Energy Storage Systems, Sai Pushpitha Vudata

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The focus of this work is on two energy storage technologies, namely pumped storage hydroelectricity (PHS) and secondary batteries. Under secondary battery technologies, two potential technologies for grid-scale storage, namely high-temperature sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), are investigated. PHS is a largescale (>100 MW) technology that stores and generates energy by transporting water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The goal is to develop a detailed dynamic model of PHS and then design the controllers to follow the desired load trajectory accurately with high efficiency. The NaS battery and VRFB are advanced secondary batteries which …

Thermal Control Development Of A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System, Ola Mohammed Taha Al-Shalash

Mechanical Engineering Theses

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device that uses fuel to generate electricity. It basically converts the chemical energy of reactants directly into electricity without combustion. In a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the reactants, hydrogen and oxygen, are fed into the two electrodes, anode and cathode, respectively. A reaction takes place at each electrode and produces electricity, as well as water, and heat as the by-products. In order to maximize performance of a fuel cell, many factors can be considered for tuning and control. Temperature management is one of these factors.

A thermal-fluid model of a …

Thermodynamic Analysis And Optimization Of Organic Rankine Cycles Using 1-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate As A Geothermal Fluid, Kazemi Shabnam

Student Works (2020-2029)

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising technology for electricity generation by utilizing heat sources at low to moderate temperature that ranges between 80-350° C. In the present work, an ionic liquid (1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, C9H14NBF4), a known green chemical and non-volatile compound with good thermal and chemical stability, significant heat capacity, low vapor pressure and a wide liquid temperature range (25 to 459 °C), is utilized as a geothermal fluid. Simulation and optimization were conducted for a basic organic Rankine cycle (basic ORC), a regenerative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) and a two-stage evaporative organic Rankine cycle (TSORC) by maximizing exergy …

The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery …

Desalination: Freeze Crystallization, Ibrahim Guiga

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Freezerbacks researched, designed, and economically evaluated a full-scale freeze crystallization process as well as two alternative full-scale processes: 5 stage multiple effect evaporation and reverse osmosis. All three processes were designed to treat hyper-saline mine water that was sent into evaporation pond systems. These systems were designed for Freeport-McMoRan’s mines that need to treat impacted water.

The Freeport-McMoRan copper mine in Miami, Arizona was visited in order to gain insight about the problem. The mine is no longer actively mining copper and is in the process of reclaiming land used. An essential part of restoring the land is treating …

Socio-Economic Impacts Of Computer Viruses In Tanzania, M Victor

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper reports on a research project conducted with an objective of identifying and assessing various approaches used by different computer users (Management, System Administrators and end users) in Tanzania to combat computer viruses (CVs), and to assess users' awareness level on CVs. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the awareness level on CVs to the Tanzanian business community; analyze the socio -economic impact caused by CVs in Tanzania and; assess existing methods, capacity and limitations on controlling CVs in Tanzania. Data was collected using both questionnaires and interview from financial institutions such as NBC and BOT, and telecommunications sector …

Stability Of Transport And Rate Processes [Review], Yaşar Demirel

Papers in Thermal Mechanics

About fifty years ago, the Turing instability demonstrated that even simple reaction-diffusion systems might lead to spatial order and differentiation, while the Rayleigh-Bénard instability showed that the maintenance of nonequilibrium might be the source of order in fluids subjected to a thermodynamic force above a critical value. Therefore, distance from global equilibrium in the form of magnitude of a thermodynamic force emerges as another constraint of stability; some systems may enhance perturbations, and evolve to highly organized states called the dissipative structures after a critical distance on the thermodynamic branch. Although the kinetics and transport coefficients represent short-range interactions, chemical …

Review Of The Product Development Process And Information Flow In The Manufacturing Industry: Problems And A Possible Wav Forward, E Opiyo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

No abstract provided.

Application Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Arton Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Art, Silas Kajuna

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Vibration is one of the techniques employed in the determination of dynamic properties of fruits and vegetables. It entails generation of a mechanical or acoustic vibrational signal which is propagated through the flesh of the agricultural material. A transducer is either attached or held close to the specimen to monitor the propagation of the signal through the specimen. The manner in which the signal is transmitted through the material is analyzed, and the dynamic properties of the specimen which relate to its firmness or its internal being are derived. The technique has been around for the past 30 years or …

A Mathematical Model And Simulation Of Natural Circulation Loop Thermalhydraulics, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

In this work, a simple, nonlinear, seventh-order mathematical model with lumped parameter analysis of the thermalhydraulic processes in a natural circulation steam boiler loop is presented. Digital simulation has been performed in order to predict open loop transients in severe accidental situations. Parts of the circulation loop such as the steam drum, downcomer, and riser were modelled separately on the basis of the integral balance equations. The two-phase flow in the steam drum and in the riser was modelled with the aid of a homogeneous-equilibrium, two-phase flow model. Special care was taken to ensure the stability of the numerical scheme, …