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Articles 61 - 90 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Thermodynamics
Semi-Lagrangian Implicit Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook Collision Model For The Finite-Volume Discrete Boltzmann Method, Leitao Chen, Sauro Succi, Xiaofeng Cai, Laura Schaefer
Semi-Lagrangian Implicit Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook Collision Model For The Finite-Volume Discrete Boltzmann Method, Leitao Chen, Sauro Succi, Xiaofeng Cai, Laura Schaefer
Publications
In order to increase the accuracy of temporal solutions, reduce the computational cost of time marching, and improve the stability associated with collisions for the finite-volume discrete Boltzmann method, an advanced implicit Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision model using a semi-Lagrangian approach is proposed in this paper. Unlike existing models, in which the implicit BGK collision is resolved either by a temporal extrapolation or by a variable transformation, the proposed model removes the implicitness by tracing the particle distribution functions (PDFs) back in time along their characteristic paths during the collision process. An interpolation scheme is needed to evaluate the PDFs at …
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery …
Coulombic And Non-Coulombic Effects Of Single And Overlapping Electric Double Layers With Surface Charge Regulation, Raviteja Vangara
Coulombic And Non-Coulombic Effects Of Single And Overlapping Electric Double Layers With Surface Charge Regulation, Raviteja Vangara
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
The physical origin of charged interfaces involving electrolyte solutions is in the thermodynamic equilibrium between the surface reactive groups and certain dissolved ionic species in the bulk. This equilibrium is very strongly dependent on the precise local density of these species, also known as potential determining ions in the solution. The latter, however, is determined by the overall solution structure, which is dominated by the large number of solvent molecules relative to all solutes. Hence, the solvent contribution to the molecular structure is a crucial factor that determines the properties of electric double layers. Models that explicitly account for the …
Theoretical Investigations Of The Electronic, Magnetic, And Thermoelectric Properties Of Transition-Metal Based Compounds, Haleoot Edaan Raad
Theoretical Investigations Of The Electronic, Magnetic, And Thermoelectric Properties Of Transition-Metal Based Compounds, Haleoot Edaan Raad
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of transition-metal based compounds were investigated by using the density functional theory and Boltzmann transport formalism. It was found that the Co-based Heusler compounds and InSe monochalcogenide are among the materials that may be used for future thermoelectric devices. Furthermore, the investigation showed that the quaternary Heusler compounds, such as, CoFeYGe, where Y is Ti or Cr, are half-metallic ferromagnetic materials with full electron spin polarization. The lattice thermal conductivity (κL) was found to decrease for these alloys as the temperature increases. The present investigation indicated that the phonon optical modes have a major …
Energy Transformation And Conservation Investigation, Mike Jackson, Holly Haney
Energy Transformation And Conservation Investigation, Mike Jackson, Holly Haney
High School Lesson Plans
Students will use a thermoelectric generator module to analyze the relationship between thermal and electrical energies. Using data collection sensors and analysis software, students will investigate the relationship between the temperature gradient across a thermoelectric generator module and the resulting electrical potential. Students will then use their data and analysis to solve problems relating to waste thermal energy in electrical systems and communicate their work to their peers and teacher.
Scaling Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness With Mass Transfer And Thermal Experimental Techniques, Luke J. Mcnamara
Scaling Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness With Mass Transfer And Thermal Experimental Techniques, Luke J. Mcnamara
Theses and Dissertations
With increasing engine temperatures, it is becoming more important to design effective film cooling schemes. Low temperature, large scale tests are often implemented in the design process to reduce cost and complexity. A nondimensional adiabatic effectiveness can be used as an indication of the performance of a film cooling scheme. However, the coolant flow rate must be properly scaled between the low temperature tests and engine temperatures to accurately predict film cooling effectiveness. This process is complicated by gas property variation with temperature. Tests are commonly conducted using thermal measurement techniques with infrared thermography (IR), but the use of pressure …
Examination Of Flow Dynamics And Passive Cooling In An Ultra Compact Combustor, Tylor C. Rathsack
Examination Of Flow Dynamics And Passive Cooling In An Ultra Compact Combustor, Tylor C. Rathsack
Theses and Dissertations
The Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) promises to greatly reduce the size of a gas turbine engine’s combustor by altering the manner in which fuel is burnt. Differing from the common axial flow combustor, the UCC utilizes a rotating flow, coaxial to the engine’s primary axis, in an outboard circumferential cavity as the primary combustion zone. The present study investigates two key UCC facets required to further this combustor design. The first area of investigation is cooling of the Hybrid Guide Vane (HGV). This UCC specific hardware acts as a combustor center body that alters the exit flow angle and acts …
Thermal Analysis And Design Of Conduction Links For A Superconducting Radio Frequency Resonator, Aaron Mckeown
Thermal Analysis And Design Of Conduction Links For A Superconducting Radio Frequency Resonator, Aaron Mckeown
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
The SRF conduction link project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory aims to develop an SRF particle accelerator design that is more applicable for industrial use. Collaboration between NIU college of engineering and NIU department of physics provided the bulk of design and analysis for this project. Currently, cooling systems, used in SRF particle accelerators, pump liquid helium across the SRF cavity to provide convection based cooling. The goal of this project is to incorporate a conduction based cooling system. In a conduction based cooling system, heat will flow from the SRF cavity into a cryocooler through a conduction link. In …
Characterization Of A Green Electric Solid Propellant For Electric Propulsion, Matthew Scott Glascock
Characterization Of A Green Electric Solid Propellant For Electric Propulsion, Matthew Scott Glascock
Doctoral Dissertations
"Electric solid propellants are advanced solid chemical rocket propellants that can be controlled (ignited, throttled and extinguished) through the application and removal of an electric current. These propellants are also being considered for use in ablative pulsed plasma thruster and multimode systems. In this work, the behavior and performance of a novel green electric solid propellant operating in an electrothermal ablation-fed pulsed plasma thruster was investigated. Using an inverted pendulum micro-Newton thrust stand, the impulse bit and specific impulse of the device using the electric solid propellant were measured for short-duration and long-duration runs to end-of-life, at energy levels of …
Steady-State Method To Measure The In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Of Thin Sheet Materials, Evgeny Pakhomenko, Andrew James Wildridge, Abraham Mathew Koshy, Souvik Das, Andreas Jung
Steady-State Method To Measure The In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Of Thin Sheet Materials, Evgeny Pakhomenko, Andrew James Wildridge, Abraham Mathew Koshy, Souvik Das, Andreas Jung
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
A new generation of silicon pixel detectors is required to cope with the unprecedented luminosities at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in 2025. The HL-LHC provides a high radiation, high interaction rate environment for the innermost detector region of the CMS detector. This can lead to an uncontrolled increase in temperature of the detector that can destroy the silicon pixels. Moreover, too high operating temperature can add noise to the data obtained from the detector and can slow the read out cheap down. Therefore, the Phase II upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment requires …
Opto-Thermal Characterization Of Plasmon And Coupled Lattice Resonances In 2-D Metamaterial Arrays, Vinith Bejugam
Opto-Thermal Characterization Of Plasmon And Coupled Lattice Resonances In 2-D Metamaterial Arrays, Vinith Bejugam
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Growing population and climate change inevitably requires longstanding dependency on sustainable sources of energy that are conducive to ecological balance, economies of scale and reduction of waste heat. Plasmonic-photonic systems are at the forefront of offering a promising path towards efficient light harvesting for enhanced optoelectronics, sensing, and chemical separations. Two-dimensional (2-D) metamaterial arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in polymer lattices developed herein support thermoplasmonic heating at off-resonances (near infrared, NIR) in addition to regular plasmonic resonances (visible), which extends their applicability compared to random dispersions. Especially, thermal responses of 2-D arrays at coupled lattice resonance (CLR) wavelengths were comparable …
What Can I Do As A Student To Make A Positive Impact On The Environment?, Tammy Guthrie, Greg Herzig, Kathy Prophet, Cassie Kautzer
What Can I Do As A Student To Make A Positive Impact On The Environment?, Tammy Guthrie, Greg Herzig, Kathy Prophet, Cassie Kautzer
Middle School Lesson Plans
Students discover ways they can make a positive impact on the environment.
Radical Social Ecology As Deep Pragmatism: A Call To The Abolition Of Systemic Dissonance And The Minimization Of Entropic Chaos, Arielle Brender
Radical Social Ecology As Deep Pragmatism: A Call To The Abolition Of Systemic Dissonance And The Minimization Of Entropic Chaos, Arielle Brender
Student Theses 2015-Present
This paper aims to shed light on the dissonance caused by the superimposition of Dominant Human Systems on Natural Systems. I highlight the synthetic nature of Dominant Human Systems as egoic and linguistic phenomenon manufactured by a mere portion of the human population, which renders them inherently oppressive unto peoples and landscapes whose wisdom were barred from the design process. In pursuing a radical pragmatic approach to mending the simultaneous oppression and destruction of the human being and the earth, I highlight the necessity of minimizing entropic chaos caused by excess energy expenditure, an essential feature of systems that aim …
Thermal Removal Of Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere: Energy Requirements And Scaling Issues, Ted Von Hippel
Thermal Removal Of Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere: Energy Requirements And Scaling Issues, Ted Von Hippel
Publications
I conduct a systems-level study of direct air capture of CO2 using techniques from thermal physics. This system relies on a combination of an efficient heat exchanger, radiative cooling, and refrigeration, all at industrial scale and operated in environments at low ambient temperatures. While technological developments will be required for such a system to operate efficiently, those developments rest on a long history of refrigeration expertise and technology, and they can be developed and tested at modest scale. I estimate that the energy required to remove CO2 via this approach is comparable to direct air capture by other techniques. The …
Heat, Charge And Spin Transport Of Thin Film Nanostructures, Devin John Wesenberg
Heat, Charge And Spin Transport Of Thin Film Nanostructures, Devin John Wesenberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding of fundamental physics of transport properties in thin film nanostructures is crucial for application in spintronic, spin caloritronics and thermoelectric applications. Much of the difficulty in the understanding stems from the measurement itself. In this dissertation I present our thermal isolation platform that is primarily used for detection of thermally induced effects in a wide variety of materials. We can accurately and precisely produce in-plane thermal gradients in these membranes, allowing for thin film measurements on 2-D structures. First, we look at thermoelectric enhancements of doped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube thin films. We use the Wiedemann-Franz law to calculate …
Analyzing The Spectral Energy Cascade In Turbulent Channel Flow, João Rodrigo Andrade, Ramon Silva Martins, Gilmar Mompean, Laurent Thais, Thomas B. Gatski
Analyzing The Spectral Energy Cascade In Turbulent Channel Flow, João Rodrigo Andrade, Ramon Silva Martins, Gilmar Mompean, Laurent Thais, Thomas B. Gatski
CCPO Publications
An analysis of the spectral turbulent kinetic energy budget in a fully developed turbulent plane channel flow is performed. Direct numerical simulation data are evaluated at friction Reynolds numbers Reτ of 180 and 1000. The analysis is focused on the influence of the Reynolds number on the spectral cascade of energy and the corresponding energy cascade in physical space in the presence of inhomogeneity and anisotropy. The turbulent kinetic energy distribution is compared for both Reynolds numbers, and the relevant characteristics of the energy transfer process in a wall-bounded turbulent flow are described. Differences in energy cascade are noted …
Onsager Reciprocal Relations: Microscopic (Onsager) Or Macroscopic (Sliepcevich), R. E. "Buddy" Babcock
Onsager Reciprocal Relations: Microscopic (Onsager) Or Macroscopic (Sliepcevich), R. E. "Buddy" Babcock
Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper is a combination of the discussion of two nineteenth century theoretical giants Lars Onsager and C. M. Sliepcevich, their works in general, and specifically the famous reciprocal relations of Onsager with respect to irreversible thermodynamics. Emphasis is placed on their penetrating depth and breadth of analysis so inherently necessary in their problem-solving endeavors. The landscape of their work will be laid out for the reader by a comparison of Onsager’s microscopic statistical mechanics derivation of the famous reciprocal relationships and a macroscopic thermodynamic derivation published by C. M. Sliepsevich that led to considerable discussion in the literature in …
Thermodynamics Of Concentrated Solid Solution Alloys, Michael C. Gao, Chuan Zhang, Pan Gao, Fan Zhang, Lizhi Ouyang, Michael Widom, Jeffrey A. Hawk
Thermodynamics Of Concentrated Solid Solution Alloys, Michael C. Gao, Chuan Zhang, Pan Gao, Fan Zhang, Lizhi Ouyang, Michael Widom, Jeffrey A. Hawk
Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research
This paper reviews the three main approaches for predicting the formation of concentrated solid solution alloys (CSSA) and for modeling their thermodynamic properties, in particular, utilizing the methodologies of empirical thermo-physical parameters, CALPHAD method, and first-principles calculations combined with hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (MC/MD) simulations. In order to speed up CSSA development, a variety of empirical parameters based on Hume-Rothery rules have been developed. Herein, these parameters have been systematically and critically evaluated for their efficiency in predicting solid solution formation. The phase stability of representative CSSA systems is then illustrated from the perspectives of phase diagrams and nucleation driving …
Modeling Pyrolysis Of Large Coal Particles With Many Species, Jianqing Li
Modeling Pyrolysis Of Large Coal Particles With Many Species, Jianqing Li
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Coal currently supplies 40% of the world’s electricity needs, and is one of the most important energy sources. As the initial stage of coal combustion, pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process which converts coal into light gases and tars, which are subsequently consumed in combustion reactions, as well as solid char. Recently there has been interest in using slow pyrolysis as a stand-alone process for the production of chemicals and fuels from large (mm-scale) coal particles. Simulations can be used to efficiently study the impact of pyrolysis conditions on gas, tar and char yields, as well as gas and tar …
Effect Of Spalled Particles Thermal Degradation On A Hypersonic Flow Field Environment, Raghava S. C. Davuluri, Huaibao Zhang, Alexandre Martin
Effect Of Spalled Particles Thermal Degradation On A Hypersonic Flow Field Environment, Raghava S. C. Davuluri, Huaibao Zhang, Alexandre Martin
Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications
Two-way coupling is performed between a spallation code and a hypersonic aerothermodynamics CFD solver to evaluate the effect of spalled particles on the flow field. Time accurate solutions are computed in argon and air flow fields. A single particle simulations and multiple particles simulations are performed and studied. The results show that the carbon vapor released by spalled particles tend to change the composition of the flow field, particularly the upstream region of the shock.
Unique Characterization Of Materials With Memory, John Murrough Golden
Unique Characterization Of Materials With Memory, John Murrough Golden
Articles
In general, materials with linear memory constitutive relations are characterized by a relaxation function. This leads to a situation where the free energy for most materials with memory is not unique. There is a convex set of free energy functionals with a minimum and a maximum element. An alternative procedure is proposed which characterizes a material by the kernel of the rate of dissipation functional. Using some recent results, we find that a unique free energy and relaxation function may then be deduced. An example is given for discrete spectrum materials. Also, the new results are used to show that …
Sustainability And Economic Analysis Of Propylene Carbonate And Polypropylene Carbonate Production Processes Using Co2 And Propylene Oxide, Yaşar Demirel
Yaşar Demirel Publications
Currently, the industrially important polycarbonates are synthesized from bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate, which are highly toxic and hence other feasible alternatives are preferable. Following the considerable advances on the catalyst for the synthesis of carbonates from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO), industrial scale processes for the productions of propylene carbonate (PC) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) have been designed and simulated with sustainability and economic analyses. The CO2 is supplied by a nearby bioethanol plant, while the PO from a petrochemical process. The first part of the study is for the production of 200 million lb/year cyclic PC …
Modeling Of Spallation Phenomenon In An Arc-Jet Environment, Raghava Sai Chaitanya Davuluri
Modeling Of Spallation Phenomenon In An Arc-Jet Environment, Raghava Sai Chaitanya Davuluri
Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Space vehicles, while entering the planetary atmosphere, experience high loads of heat. Ablative materials are commonly used for a thermal protection system, which undergo mass removal mechanisms to counter the heat rates. Spallation is one of the ablative processes, which is characterized by the ejection of solid particles from the material into the flow. Numerical codes that are used in designing the heat shields ignore this phenomenon. Hence, to evaluate the effectiveness of spallation phenomenon, a numerical model is developed to compute the dynamics and chemistry of the particles. The code is one-way coupled to a CFD code that models …
Does A Plastron Improve Heat Transfer?, Madani A. Khan, Jeffrey Alston, Andrew Guenthner
Does A Plastron Improve Heat Transfer?, Madani A. Khan, Jeffrey Alston, Andrew Guenthner
STAR Program Research Presentations
Superamphiphobic surfaces strongly repel both water and oils. In this work, aluminum coupons are processed by sanding with various grit of sand paper to impart microscale roughness. Subsequent submersion of the aluminum substrate in boiling water grows nanoscale grass-like structures. The oxide layer of Al is slightly soluble in water. During a fast diffusion/equilibrium, Al2O3 nanograss grows on the surface. A low energy coating is then deposited on the surface. The micro and nanoscale features create re-entrant structures that trap air enabling contact liquid to be in a Cassie-Baxter state. Superamphiphobicity of the samples were confirmed by …
A Soft Condensed Matter Approach Towards Mathematical Modelling Of Mass Transport And Swelling In Food Grains, Michael Chapwanya, N. Misra
A Soft Condensed Matter Approach Towards Mathematical Modelling Of Mass Transport And Swelling In Food Grains, Michael Chapwanya, N. Misra
Articles
Soft condensed matter (SCM) physics has recently gained importance for a large class of engineering materials. The treatment of food materials from a soft matter perspective, however, is only at the surface and is gaining importance for understanding the complex phenomena and structure of foods. In this work, we present a theoretical treatment of navy beans from a SCM perspective to describe the hydration kinetics. We solve the transport equations within a porous matrix and employ the Flory–Huggin’s equation for polymer–solvent mixture to balance the osmotic pressure. The swelling of the legume seed is modelled as a moving boundary with …
Information In Biological Systems And The Fluctuation Theorem, Yaşar Demirel
Information In Biological Systems And The Fluctuation Theorem, Yaşar Demirel
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications
Some critical trends in information theory, its role in living systems and utilization in fluctuation theory are discussed. The mutual information of thermodynamic coupling is incorporated into the generalized fluctuation theorem by using information theory and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Thermodynamically coupled dissipative structures in living systems are capable of degrading more energy, and processing complex information through developmental and environmental constraints. The generalized fluctuation theorem can quantify the hysteresis observed in the amount of the irreversible work in nonequilibrium regimes in the presence of information and thermodynamic coupling.
Ramjet Combustion Chamber, Paul Cameron Stone
Ramjet Combustion Chamber, Paul Cameron Stone
Aerospace Engineering
A ramjet combustion chamber is designed and some initial assembly fabrication and test completed as a component of a ramjet graduate project for California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The combustor design is driven by a theoretical model created by a Cal Poly graduate student, Harrison Sykes. Temperature, pressure, and fuel flow will be measured.
Note: A Simple Thermal Gradient Annealing Unit For The Treatment Of Thin Films, C. J. Metting, Johnathan K. Bunn, Ellen A. Underwood, Yihao Zhu, G. Koley, T. Crawford, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers
Note: A Simple Thermal Gradient Annealing Unit For The Treatment Of Thin Films, C. J. Metting, Johnathan K. Bunn, Ellen A. Underwood, Yihao Zhu, G. Koley, T. Crawford, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers
Faculty Publications
A gradient annealing cell has been developed for the high-throughput study of thermalannealing effects on thin-film libraries in different environments. The inexpensive gradientannealing unit permits temperature gradients as large as 28 °C/mm and can accommodate samples ranging in length from 13 mm to 51 mm. The system was validated by investigating the effects of annealing temperature on the crystallinity, resistivity, and transparency of tin-doped indium oxide deposited on a glass substrate by magnetron sputtering. The unit developed in this work will permit the rapid optimization of materials properties such as crystallinity, homogeneity, and conductivity across a variety of applications.
Optimizing Compressed Air Storage For Energy Efficiency, Brian Abels, J. Kelly Kissock
Optimizing Compressed Air Storage For Energy Efficiency, Brian Abels, J. Kelly Kissock
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications
Compressed air storage is an important, but often misunderstood, component of compressed air systems. This paper discusses methods to properly size compressed air storage in load-unload systems to avoid short cycling and reduce system energy use. First, key equations relating storage, pressure, and compressed air flow are derived using fundamental thermodynamic relations. Next, these relations are used to calculate the relation between volume of storage and cycle time in load-unload compressors. It is shown that cycle time is minimized when compressed air demand is 50% of compressor capacity. The effect of pressure drop between compressor system and storage on cycle …
Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy Of Yh And Yd: Observation Of New A¹Δ And B¹Π Electronic States, R. S. Ram, G. Li, P. F. Bernath
Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy Of Yh And Yd: Observation Of New A¹Δ And B¹Π Electronic States, R. S. Ram, G. Li, P. F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The emission spectra of YH and YD molecules have been investigated in the 3600–12 000 cm−1 region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. Molecules were formed in an yttrium hollow cathode lamp operated with a continuous flow of a mixture of Ne and Ar gases, and YH and YD were observed together in the same spectra. A group of bands observed near 1 μm have been identified as 0-0 and 1-1 bands of the A1Δ-X1Σ+ and B1Π-X1Σ+ transitions of YH and the 0-0 bands of the same two transitions …