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Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Commons™
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Articles 31 - 51 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Catalysis and Reaction Engineering
Ceramic Properties Of Chimala Kaolin Clay, Leonard Akwilapo
Ceramic Properties Of Chimala Kaolin Clay, Leonard Akwilapo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The physico-chemical properties of kaolinite clays occurring in abundance near Chimala were studied with a view of finding out their suitability in sanitary ware production. The viscosity of the clay was found to be within the range acceptable in industrial application (≤ 500 cp for 70% solids), enhancing its prospects for the manufacture of slip cast shapes with satisfactory properties. The chemical composition of the clay reveals a high content of Fe₂O₃, 1.48%, which is expected to affect the translucency and colour of the finished ware. However, such quantity would not have detrimental effects in the production of sanitary ware. …
Aeration Efficiency Of A Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactor During Food Industry Wastewater Treatment, S Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The implementation Of a three-phase fluidized bed bioreaclor (TPFBB) in food- processing wastewater (FPW'W) treatment is reported. This study includes the modification Of the air distributor (plate design and gas-liquid mixing) for the bioreactor and resting of its aeration efficiency under different liquids. The aeration efficiency for wastewater samples collected from a soft drink processing industry and tannin processing industry (TANWA T) and tap water were compared. The aeration efficiency parameters studied include bed expansion, air holdup. volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and alpha factors. The variation of these parameters With air flow rates were studied at different liquid heights, …
Comparative Study Of The Dynamics Of Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser And Downer Of Equal Diameters, Samwel V. Manyele
Comparative Study Of The Dynamics Of Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser And Downer Of Equal Diameters, Samwel V. Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The microscopic flow dynamics of the 100-mm internal diameter riser/downer circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit were monitored using a solids concentration fiber optic probe. The comparison was conducted by comparing radial profiles Of the dynamic parameters derived from time-series analysis techniques (statistical and chaos analyses). The solids concentration signals used were recorded under similar operating conditions (gas velocity of 8.0 m/s and solids flux of 100 kg/m2s). Similar axial elevations were compared (entrance and fully developed sections of die reactors). A1 each loca!ion, the signals were sampled a! afrequency of 970 Hz for duration of 30 seconds. It was observed …
Review Of The Product Development Process And Information Flow In The Manufacturing Industry: Problems And A Possible Wav Forward, E Opiyo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
No abstract provided.
Production Of Biogas From Water Hyacinth: Effect Of Substrate Loading In Semi-Batch & Batch Operations, J Katima
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A study was carried out to establish the effect of substrate loading rate on the production of biogas from water hyacinth. The experiments revealed that the maximum methane yield in a batch process was 0.166 normal litre (NLVg Of volatile solids (VS) added at substrate concentration of 25 g dry mass'litre after five days of incubation. The maximum methane yield in a semi-batch process was 0.153 NWg VS added at 1.30 g VS'litre day and retention time Of 15 days.
Recyclability Of Modified Ps-Aq Pulps At Around Kappa 30, Rwaichi Minja
Recyclability Of Modified Ps-Aq Pulps At Around Kappa 30, Rwaichi Minja
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Bleachable grade pulps prepared from Nonvegian softwood spruce chips while simulating possible alternatives of improving pulp yield by application Of polysulphide (PS) and anthraquinone (AQ) have been used in this study. The tests for recyclability were performed on hydrogen form pulps. The pulps considered were Iso- Thermal cooking (ITC) kraft pulp which was used as a reference pulp, conventional PS-AQ pulp, soda PS-AQ pulp and kraft PS-AQ pulp. The loss Of swelling ability (homification) Of the pulps, was determined by measurement of water retention value (W R V). The results showed that, PS-AQ pulps had similar or slightly better swelling …
Application Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Arton Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Art, Silas Kajuna
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Vibration is one of the techniques employed in the determination of dynamic properties of fruits and vegetables. It entails generation of a mechanical or acoustic vibrational signal which is propagated through the flesh of the agricultural material. A transducer is either attached or held close to the specimen to monitor the propagation of the signal through the specimen. The manner in which the signal is transmitted through the material is analyzed, and the dynamic properties of the specimen which relate to its firmness or its internal being are derived. The technique has been around for the past 30 years or …
Oxygen Transfer In A Three-Phase Fluidised Bed Bioreactor With Novel Biomass Support When Used In Industrial Wastewater Treatment, S Manyele,
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The effect of support mass and liquid height on the oxygen transfer in the three- phase fluidised bed were experi/nenta/ly investigated. Novel biomass support, rhe KMT*, with density of 850 kg/n/ and an equivalent size, dp 8.3 mm, has been used in this work. The oxygen transfer rate was expressed in terms of rhe volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, kca. It has been found out that the* a values increased with increasing support mass up to a critical solids load of 4.0 kg, above which the kca decreased and that kca decreased with increasing liquid height. It has been recommended that …
New Technologies For Thermal Disposal Of Sewage Sludge, T Ogada
New Technologies For Thermal Disposal Of Sewage Sludge, T Ogada
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The traditional methods for the disposal of sewage sludge are landfilling, recycling as fertilisers in agricultural lands, dumping into sea and incineration. In thc recent past, Sludge incineration has been rapidly gaining ground duc to environmental constraints facing the Other methods. However, the cost of pollution control during sewage sludge incineration is currently very high due to the expensive flue gas treatment facility required. Futhermore, large quantity Of ash is produced which is highly contaminated with heavy metals and must be disposed off in special landfilling sites in order to avoid ground water pollution. To reduce the cost Of pollution …
Experimental Study Of Domestic Charcoal Stoves, Simbo Kimario
Experimental Study Of Domestic Charcoal Stoves, Simbo Kimario
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The demand of fuelwood for domestic cooking especially the charcoal fuel is increasing in the urban settlements due to the increase in population of low income class earners who are the main consumers Of this type of fuel. This paper is presenting rhe results Of experiments conducted on the popularly used domestic charcoal stoves in Tanzania. The results revealed some significant differences on stoves performances. The type of insulation materials and some design features incorporated into the combustion chambers of the stoves had positive impacts in relative charcoal fuel saving. About two tons of charcoal fuel could be saved by …
The Significance And Effects Of Oil Injection On The Performance Of Sliding Vane Compressors., M Mkumbwa
The Significance And Effects Of Oil Injection On The Performance Of Sliding Vane Compressors., M Mkumbwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A computer model of a sliding vane air compressor was used to predict the behaviour of machines having different geometries operating at different conditions. The performance parameters which were calculated by the model were the free air delivery, power input and specific capacity which is defined as the free air delivery per unit of power input.The model also included the study of the effects of Oil injection on these mentioned compressor performance parameters. The paper describes the simulation model developed incorporating an analysis Of the effects of the oil injected into the compressor on lhe thermodynamic processes taking place in …
A Study On Ring Pack Lubrication In Internal Combustion Engine, I Mshoro
A Study On Ring Pack Lubrication In Internal Combustion Engine, I Mshoro
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Most efthe lubricating oil from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is lost through piston rings. Hence, in order to optimally reduce ICE oil consumption, a better insight into tribology of the ring pack is required. This can only be achieved by an inwroved characterization of the lubricant behaviour within the opelating environment of the engine. In The present ieork, an optical tcchnique using laser- induced fluorescence was employed to measure oil film thickness within the ring pack. The experiment was conducted on a Phaser 1000 Series engine, whereby optical access to the ring pack was achieved by a fused silica-window positioned …
Design Considerations For A Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor, S Manyele
Design Considerations For A Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor, S Manyele
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The design Of a three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor using novel biomass support for industrial wastewater treatment is reported in this paper. A column of 0.20 m diameter with variable height up to 6.60 m equipped with a foam breaker tank was designed, commissioned and operated. A novel biomass support, KMTR support, has been used Separate gas and liquid feeding systems were designed to facilitate proper bioreactor operation. A flat distriburor plate with 4 mm holes- diameter was desined A study on the hydrodynamic properties of the three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor revealed high values of bed expansion and air hold-ups. Purification …
Design Approach For Small Scale Continuous, Steady State Plants, O Kaunde
Design Approach For Small Scale Continuous, Steady State Plants, O Kaunde
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
One of the major steps in the design of a process plant is development of an appiopriate flowsheet. At this step, the technical solutions may be con- sidered in relation to the social and economic factors. In this paper, guide- lines for developing a flowsheet for continuous, steady State process in a developing country environment have been proposed. To illustrate the pro- posed guidelines, a case study involving design of an ethanol distillation plant has been used.
Experimental Investigation On The Use Of Native Biomass As Biosorbents For Metal Pollutant Removal, R Litto
Experimental Investigation On The Use Of Native Biomass As Biosorbents For Metal Pollutant Removal, R Litto
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Waste water treatment is a perrnunent task. Many novel techniques have emerge in recent years and one of them is using biomass in removing heavy- metals. In this research screening and preliminary optimization experi- ments have identified different types of abundant biomass which can accu- mulate heavy metals such as Fe3*, C03•, Cu2+ and ftvm effluent. Cystoseira Myrica has a high uptake ofCr3+ while Sargassum Polycystum has been found to have a high uptake 0fFe3+. Observed biosorption kinet- ics shows rapid initial stage, followed by slower second stage and the amount of material adsorbed increases linearly as its concentration in …
Improved Heat Transfer By Means Of Steam Injection In A Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger, O Kaunde
Improved Heat Transfer By Means Of Steam Injection In A Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger, O Kaunde
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
When designing a heat exchanger; one aims at attaining high heat transfer rates SO as to minimise heat transfer area and therefore the overall cost. This paper presents a method of improving the overall heat travsfer coef- ficient of a conventional shell and tube heal exchanger. The method in- volves injecting steam into the process fluid as it enters the heat exchanger thus effecting mixing of fluid as it travels along the exchanger Tests car- • ried out using this technique showed a significant increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient values.
Polymer Supported Z-N Catalysts For C2h4-Polymerization,I: Development Catalyst Preparation Method, S Mteza
Polymer Supported Z-N Catalysts For C2h4-Polymerization,I: Development Catalyst Preparation Method, S Mteza
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Substantial improvement of low sensitivity pressure transducers aiming at obtaining a more realistic output signal is discussed. The output signal direct from these transducers has deficiencies of amplitude attenuation and phase lag, thus the measured values are not necessarily the true in- stantaneous values. In order to correct for such shortcomings the unit step response of these transducers is also studied experimentally. A math- ematical model is established based on the experimental results to build up a compensation circuit which is then included in the instrumentation setup to eliminate these deficiencies. The effectiveness of the compensated transducer is demonstrated by …
Pulping Of Sisal Fibres: Effects Of Chemical Concentration, Na-Zs03/Na2c03 Ratio And Fibre To Chemical Ratio, J Katima
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper reports on pulping of hard fibres extracted from the leaves Of agave sisalana using sodium sulphite buffered with sodium carbonate as pulping chemical. The cooking was carried Out at 1680Cfor a cooking period of 6 hours, with varying chemical concentration, sodium sulphite to sodium carbonate ratio and fibre to chemical ratio. The results show thar boll! the pulp yield and pulp viscosity decæase with increasing chemi- cal concentration, whereas Kappa number of pulp decreases to a limit of about 16.45. Brightness increases significantly with an increase in the ra- rio of Na2S03/Na2C03. The pulp yield obtained indicated the …
Improvement Of Solar Salt Works Performance, J Katima
Improvement Of Solar Salt Works Performance, J Katima
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Coal, asphalt, black oil paint, naphthol green b and alkali blue 6b were testedfor improvement Of solar energy utilisation in solar salt manufacture. It was found that the use of alkali blue 6b dye dissolved in raw seawater improves efficiency by 3.6 percent. Both modifications could increase solar salt works with a coal coated surface than one employing raw seawater dyed with alkali blue 6b.
Development And Testing Of Locally Produced Natural Rubber (Nr) And Pvc Blends, B Mutagahywa
Development And Testing Of Locally Produced Natural Rubber (Nr) And Pvc Blends, B Mutagahywa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The mechanical properties of natural rubber - poly(vinyl chloride) blends have been studied. Tensile and tear strengths of the vulcanizates has been shown to increase with increasing proportions of PVC up to about 20 pphr. Abrasion loss and hardness decreases slightly with increasing concentration of PVC. Increased loading Of carbon black lowers the tensile and tear strength while increasing the abrasion loss and hardness values. This may be explained by the fact that PVC exists as a discontinuous rigid phase in the polymer compound. At normal loading of black (37 pphr) PVC improves processability and acts in the same way …
Effects Of Feed Solids Concentration On Dual Functionality Of A Hydrocyclone., Zanzu M
Effects Of Feed Solids Concentration On Dual Functionality Of A Hydrocyclone., Zanzu M
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The dual functionality, i.e. thickening and classification of a 50.8mm diameter hydrocyclone has been investigated. A metallurgical slime consisting of a 50% mixture of quartz and petroleum coke was used in the tests. It was found that in order to achieve both thickening and classification at the same time, the pressure drop across the hydrocyclone, the underflow diameter and the feed solids content have to be subtly controlled.