Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Particle Filter With Binary Gaussian Weighting And Support Vector Machine For Human Pose Interpretation, Indah Agustien, Muhammad Rahmat Widyanto, Sukmawati Nur Endah, Tarzan Basaruddin

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper proposes human pose interpretation using particle filter (PF) with Binary Gaussian Weighting and support vector machine (SVM). In the proposed system, particle filter is used to track a human object, then this human object is skeletonized using thinning algorithm and classified using SVM. The classification is to identify human pose, whether it is normal or abnormal behavior. Here particle filter is modified through weight calculation using Gaussian distribution to reduce the computational time. The modified particle filter consists of four main phases. First, particles are generated to predict target’s location. Second, the weight of certain particles is calculated …

Maintenance Activity Planning By Reability Centered Maintenance Ii Method, Rachmad Hidayat, Nachnul Ansori, Ali Imron

Makara Journal of Technology

Maintenance Activity Planning by Reability Centered Maintenance II Method. This research discusses maintenance activity planning using the RCM II method to evaluate failure function risk on compresor screw. The calculation of maintenance time is performed by considering maintenance and repair costs. The risk evaluation result with RPN shows that the critical component that needs to get the main priority in applying maintenance on compresor screw is function disorder on timeworn piston and on the broken outgoing air sponge’s filter that receives RPN 45. The optimum maintenance time calculation is applied on components that undergo scheduled restoration and scheduled discard task …

Software Design Of Mobile Antenna For Auto Satellite Tracking Using Modem Correction And Elevation Azimuth Method, Djamhari Sirat, Muhamad Asvial, Arman Djohan Diponegoro, Himawan Sidharta

Makara Journal of Technology

Software Design of Mobile Antenna for Auto Satellite Tracking Using Modem Correction and Elevation Azimuth Method. Pointing accuracy is important in satellite communication. Because the satellite’s distance to the surface of the earth's satellite is so huge, 1 degree of pointing error will make the antenna unable to send data to satellites. To overcome this, the auto-tracking satellite controller is made. This system uses a microcontroller as the controller, with the GPS as the location indicator of the antenna, a digital compass as the beginning of antenna pointing direction, a rotary encoder as azimuth and elevation censor, and a modem …

Petroleum Degradation In Soil By Thermophilic Bacteria With Biopile Reactor, Astri Nugroho, Edison Effendi, Yulius Karonta

Makara Journal of Technology

Crude oil degradation has been carried out using biopile reactor in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. The thermophilic microorganisms used from isolation result and identification are Aeromonas salmonicida, Bacillus pantothenticus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The biodegradation of biopile reactor is done by various concentrations of TPH, total plate count (TPC), and volatile suspended solid (VSS) per day for 30 days. The biodegradation of kinetic parameter calculated consists of μ, μm, Y, Yt, Yobs, Kd, Ks from TPH concentration decision, and TPC and VSS in every microorganism with t (observation time) of 0 hour to 168 hours. …

Ergonomic Analysis Of Ui’S Bicyclesusing Posture Evaluation Index (Pei) Method In Virtual Environment, Erlinda Muslim, Boy Nurtjahyo, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Liza Afrinotha

Makara Journal of Technology

Ergonomic Analysis of UI’s Bicycles Using Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) Method in Virtual Environment. This research was conducted to study the ergonomic aspect of University of Indonesia’s bicycles in virtual environment. Software Jack 6.0 was used to analyze it. PEI was used as an approach that integrated the results of three methods: lower back analysis (LBA), ovako working posture analysis (OWAS), and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The research objective is to evaluate the existing design of University of Indonesia’s bicycles and to determine the most ergonomic redesign which concerns handlebar height and saddle height modification. The result showed that …

Morphological Evolution Of Single-Crystal Ultrathin Solid Films, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

An introduction to mathematical modeling of ultrathin solid films and the role of such modeling in nanotechnologies: Educational presentation for senior physics majors

Morphological Evolution Of Single-Crystal Ultrathin Solid Films, Mikhail Khenner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

An introduction to mathematical modeling of ultrathin solid films and the role of such modeling in nanotechnologies: Educational/Research presentation for senior physics majors

Preliminary Results Of Combining Low Frequency Low Intensity Ultrasound And Liposomal Drug Delivery To Treat Tumors In Rats, William G. Pitt, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Beverly L. Roeder, David Dickinson, David Warden, Jonathan Hartley, Peter Jones

Faculty Publications

Ultrasound is a convenient trigger for site-specific drug delivery in cancer therapy. Nanosized liposomes formulated from soy phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] and alpha-tocopherol were loaded with Doxorubicin (Dox)using a pH gradient. The liposomal suspension was infused through the tail vein of BDIX rats possessing bilateral intradermal DHD/K12 tumors on their hind legs. Then 20-kHz ultrasound was applied to only one of the tumors for 15 minutes. This therapy was repeated weekly for 4 weeks. The results showed that in five of sixrats, the tumors regressed to non-measurable size within 4 weeks. A paired comparison of the normalized size of …

Syngas Fermentation: Quantification Of Assay Techniques, Reaction Kinetics, And Pressure Dependencies Of The Clostridial P11 Hydrogenase, Bradley E. Skidmore

Theses and Dissertations

Ethanol usage as a transportation fuel is rapidly increasing in the United States. Production of ethanol from cellulose feedstocks via gasification followed by syngas fermentation offers an environmentally friendly approach that mitigates many of the adverse effects associated with production from corn. In the syngas fermentation process, the hydrogenase enzyme of the fermentation bacterium, Clostridium P11 for this work, supplies electrons to the metabolic pathway, facilitating ethanol production. In this thesis, an assay for P11 hydrogenase activity was developed. It was determined that 1) less than 4 minutes of sparging with 50 sccm H2 is needed to reduce O2 levels …

Optimization Of Environmental Conditions To Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth, Kenneth M. Karcher

Theses and Dissertations

The micro-alga Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under a variety of environmental conditions in various culture media solutions to assess and optimize growth rate and biomass productivity. Efforts during this work investigated growth parameters at the micro-scale in an air-lift bubble system with the goal of interpreting performance characteristics that can be applied to a larger serpentine tubular Photo-bioreactor. Maximum growth rates and biomass yields were 0.65 d^-1 and 2.003 g biomass/L and achieved in seven days using urea in de-ionized water under a 24:0 Photoperiod (Light:Dark). Additionally, growth rates and biomass yields of 0.65 d^-1 and 1.964 g …

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Biomass-Kinetic Model For Chlorella Vulgaris In A Biofuel Production Scheme, William M. Rowley

Theses and Dissertations

Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in microbioreactors using Bold’s Basal medium at varying nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to define nitrogen and phosphorus utilization standards. Nutrient concentration was varied between 137 mg/L to 7.33 mg/L NO3-N and between 55.2 mg/L to11.0 mg/L PO4-P in five test scenarios. All were grown under a constant photoperiod at 22±2 °C and a mixture of 4 to 10% carbon dioxide/air. Maximum yield and growth rate occurred with the highest initial nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. A statistically significant difference in biomass was found among all test levels at the end of the eight day growth period. Applying …

Lipids And Collagen Matrix Restrict The Hydraulic Permeability Within The Porous Compartment Of Adult Cortical Bone, Demin Wen, Caroline Androjna, Amit Vasanji, Joanne M. Belovich, Ronald J. Midura

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

In vivo the hydraulic permeability of cortical bone influences the transport of nutrients, waste products and signaling molecules, thus influencing the metabolic functions of osteocytes and osteoblasts. In the current study two hypotheses were tested: the presence of (1) lipids and (2) collagen matrix in the porous compartment of cortical bone restricts its permeability. Our approach was to measure the radial permeability of adult canine cortical bone before and after extracting lipids with acetone-methanol, and before and after digesting collagen with bacterial collagenase. Our results showed that the permeability of adult canine cortical bone was below 4.0 × 10 …

Investigation Of Ceo2 As Cathode Electrocatalyst For Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell, Xue-Min Ni, Ya-Dong Wang, Mu Pan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The performance of CeO₂ as oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in direct borohydride fuel cell was investigated.The experimental results indicate that CeO₂ shows significant electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction and exhibits no observed promotion effect on hydrolysis or electro-oxidation of BH₄^-.The power density of experimental one-compartment fuel cell with CeO₂ as cathode electrocatalyst can reach a 67.8 mW·cm^-2 at room temperature.

Synthesis Of High-Performance Lini1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials Via Azeotropic Distillation Method, Sheng-An Xia, Li-Xia Yuan, Ze Yang, Zhao-Hui Wang, Yun-Hui Huang, Shuang Li, Wu-Xing Zhang, Ya-Bin Meng, Wei-Gong Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Layered LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ is one of the most promising alternative materials for LiCoO₂ in lithium ion batteries due to its low cost,large capacity and excellent cyclability.In this paper,LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was synthesized via azeotropic distillation method with isobutyl alcohol as an azeotropic agent.The structure and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM),respectively.The as-prepared LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ shows a layered α-NaFeO₂ structure;the particles are small and uniformly distributed.As compared with the sample prepared by traditional method,the present cathode material …

Electrosynthesis Of P-Aminobenzenearsenic Acid, Chun-An Ma, Qin-An Zheng, Qiang Zhou, Ying-Hua Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical reduction of p-nitrophenyl arsonit acid to p-aminobenzenearsenic acid was studied using controlled-current electrolysis.The results showed that the yield of p-aminobenzenearsenic acid was determinated by the following factors:the concentrations of sulphuric acid,the amount of additive,temperature and the concentrations of p-nitrophenyl arsenic acid.The optimum electrolytic conditions were obtained to be is 10% H₂SO₄,1% NaCl,80 ℃,25 g/350 mL p-nitrophenyl arsenic acid and 10 A·dm^-2.The yield of arsanilic acid could be reached 64.7% under the optimum electrolytic conditions.

Electrocatalytic Reduction Of L-Cystine At Pb/Nanotio2 Film Electrode, Dao-Bao Chu, Feng Wang, Ying Xiao, Xue-Jiao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The nanoporous Ti-based TiO₂ films electrodes modified with Pb particles(Pb/nanoTiO₂) were prepared by using anodization and potentiostatic electro-deposition.The optimum deposition conditions were determined by comparing with various deposition potentials and time.The SEM analyses indicated that the TiO₂ films were homogeneous nanoporous structure,and the Pb particles well dispersed on the TiO₂ films.The L-cystine electrocatalytic activity reduction on the Pb/nanoTiO₂ film electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and Chronoamperometric curves.The results showed that this type of the electrode posseses high acticity and stability.

Fabrication And Characterization Of The Ni-Scsz Composite Anodes With A Lscm-Ceo2 Catalyst Layer In Thin Film Sofc, Yun-Yun Wang, Bo Huang, Xin-Jian Zhu, Wan-Qi Hu, Qing-Chun Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide full cell(SOFC) running directly on hydrocarbon fuels has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, a dual-layer structure anode was fabricated by tape casting and screen printing method. The addition of a LSCM-CeO₂ catalyst layer to the supported anode surface yielded better performance in ethanol fuel. The maximum power density reached 710 and 669 mW/cm² at 850 ℃ running on hydrogen gas steam and ethanol steam,respectively. No significant degradation in performance has been observed after 216 h of cell testing when the Ni-ScSZ13 anode was exposed to the ethanol steam at 700 ℃. Very …

The Synthesise Of Electron-Conducting Redox Hydrogel And Its Application In Microbial Fuel Cell, Kai-Peng Wang, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Efficient electron transfer between the microbe and the anode is key for the electricity generation in Microbial fuel cell(MFC).Through the modification of anode,the rate of electron transfer can be accelerated,therefore the performance of MFC can be enhanced.In this paper,we report the synthesis of a type of electronconducting and bio-compatible redox hydrogel and its application.The hydrogel consists of poly(4-vinylpyridine) as backbone and neutral red as the redox center.By immobiliazing neutral red on the backbone through covalent bond,the secondary contamination due to the soluble redox mediator to external environment can be prevented.MFCs using the hydrogel-modified carbon anode significantly exhibit shorter acclimation period,and …

Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham

Theses and Dissertations

In human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research and applications, the need for a culture system devoid of non-human components is crucial. Such a system should exhibit characteristics observed in conventional culture systems that have used mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders for hPSC self renewal without the requirement of excessive supplementation with growth factors. To achieve this, we focused on the identification and characterization of extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates for hPSC propagation. ECM substrates derived from mouse and human fibroblasts were assessed for their ability to support self-renewal of hPSCs. Characterization of hPSCs on ECM-based substrates demonstrated maintenance of pluripotent characteristics based …

Surface Engineering Of Macrophages With Nanoparticles To Generate A Cell-Nanoparticle Hybrid Vehicle For Hypoxia-Targeted Drug Delivery, Christopher A. Holden, Quan Yuan, W. Andrew Yeudall, Deborah A. Lebman, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Tumors frequently contain hypoxic regions that result from a shortage of oxygen due to poorly organized tumor vasculature. Cancer cells in these areas are resistant to radiation- and chemotherapy, limiting the treatment efficacy. Macrophages have inherent hypoxia-targeting ability and hold great advantages for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to cancer cells in hypoxic areas. However, most anticancer drugs cannot be directly loaded into macrophages because of their toxicity. In this work, we designed a novel drug delivery vehicle by hybridizing macrophages with nanoparticles through cell surface modification. Nanoparticles immobilized on the cell surface provide numerous new sites for anticancer drug …

Characteristics Of Co₂ Sequestration In Saline Aquifers, Fang Yang, Baojun Bai, Dazhen Tang, Shari Dunn-Norman, David J. Wronkiewicz

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Storage of CO₂ in saline aquifers is a viable option for reducing the amount of CO₂ released to the atmosphere. This paper provides an overall review of CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers. First, the principles of CO₂ sequestration are presented, including CO₂ phase behavior, CO₂-water-rock interaction, and CO₂ trapping mechanisms. Then storage capacity and CO₂ injectivity are discussed as the main determinants of the storage potential of saline aquifers. Next, a site section process is addressed considering basin characteristics, reservoir characteristics, and economic and social concerns. Three main procedures are then …

Application Of An Efficient Nonconventional Heterogeneous Catalyst For Biodiesel Synthesis From Pongamia Pinnata Oil, Y. C. Sharma, Bhaskar Singh, John Korstad

College of Science and Engineering Faculty Research and Scholarship

Recycled chicken eggshells after calcination have been used as a nonconventional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from karanja oil from the pongam tree (Pongamia pinnata). The catalyst was characterized on X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA). The formation of the calcium oxide phase was confirmed at 900°C after calcination. A high biodiesel yield of 95.0% and conversion of 97.4% was obtained at an 8:1 (alcohol/oil) molar ratio, 2.5 wt%catalyst, and 2.5 h reaction time at 65±°0.5C. The biodiesel conversion was determined by Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (FTNMR) spectroscopy.

High Yield And Conversion Of Biodiesel From A Nonedible Feedstock (Pongamia Pinnata), Yogesh C. Sharma, Bhaskar Singh, John Korstad

College of Science and Engineering Faculty Research and Scholarship

An efficient approach has been adopted for the synthesis of biodiesel developed from karanja, a nonedible oil feedstock. A two-step reaction was followed for synthesis of biodiesel. Karanja oil possessing a high free fatty acid content was esterified with sulfuric acid, and the product obtained was further converted to fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) by transesterification reactions. A moderate molar ratio of 6:1 (methanol/oil) was efficient for acid esterification with 1.5% v/v H₂SO₄ and 1 h of reaction time at 60 ± 0.5 °C, which resulted in reduction of FFA from 19.88 to 1.86 mg of KOH/g. …

Effects Of Preparative Parameters On The Structure And Performance Of Ca-La Metal Oxide Catalysts For Oil Transesterification, Shuli Yan, Manhoe Kim, Siddharth Mohan, Steven O. Salley, K.Y. Simon Ng

National Biofuels Energy Laboratory

The effects of preparative parameters on the surface basicity, composition, and transesterification activities of several Ca-La metal oxide catalysts were investigated. Four different preparation methods: ammonia-ethanol-carbon dioxide precipitation, physical mixing, impregnation, and co-precipitation, were studied. It was found that the ammonia-ethanol-carbon dioxide precipitation method resulted in the highest BET specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. Moreover, catalyst surface composition and basicity are a function of calcination temperature, precipitants, pH, and molar ratio of Ca to La in precursor solution, and storage conditions. XRD, XPS, basicity and BET tests revealed that catalyst structure and dispersion of Ca species …

Oscillatory And Monotonic Modes Of Long-Wave Marangoni Convection In A Thin Film, Sergey Shklyaev, Mikhail Khenner, Alexei Alabuzhev

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We study long-wave Marangoni convection in a layer heated from below. Using the scaling k=O Bi, where k is the wave number and Bi is the Biot number, we derive a set of amplitude equations. Analysis of this set shows presence of monotonic and oscillatory modes of instability. Oscillatory mode has not been previously found for such direction of heating. Studies of weakly nonlinear dynamics demonstrate that stable steady and oscillatory patterns can be found near the stability threshold.

Non-Planar Diamond Electrodes For Biomedical Neural Sensing And Stimulating, Jeffrey M. Halpern

Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Conductive diamond has exceptional chemical stability, making it an appealing candidate material for long-term medical device implants. This work describes the characterization, and fabrication of four diamond-based neural devices. A previously developed 30 µm diamond-disk in vitro needle electrode was characterized. The device could detect 1 nM concentration analytes in a flow cell using fast scan cyclic voltammetry, but the fabrication was not reproducible. A novel in vitro diamond device was developed with diamond selectively grown at the tip of a hollow quartz capillary, resulting in a 2-4 µm tip diameter. The diamond tip shape and size were geometrically …

Oscillatory And Monotonic Modes Of Long-Wave Marangoni Convection In A Thin Film, Sergey Shklyaev, Mikhail Khenner, Alexei Alabuzhev

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We study long-wave Marangoni convection in a layer heated from below. Using the scaling k=O Bi, where k is the wave number and Bi is the Biot number, we derive a set of amplitude equations. Analysis of this set shows presence of monotonic and oscillatory modes of instability. Oscillatory mode has not been previously found for such direction of heating. Studies of weakly nonlinear dynamics demonstrate that stable steady and oscillatory patterns can be found near the stability threshold.

Applications Of Ultrafine Powder Coatings, A.S. Mohammad Sayem Mozumder

Digitized Theses

Powder coatings have emerged as an alternative to the conventional liquid coatings when environmental regulations become stricter every year. The advantage of powder coatings mainly renders to their solvent-free formulations, because solvent(s) used in liquid coatings are to be evaporated to environment contributing to the total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Although advantageous, until recently, powder coating was not able to provide surface finishes comparable to the liquid coatings. However, when ultrafine powders (particularly, in the size range of 15-25 µm) becomes flowable with the aid of nano-additive(s), ultrafine powder coatings (UPCs) came into business with its thinner and smoother …

Design Of A Polysaccharide Derived Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft, Irina Robu

Wayne State University Dissertations

DESIGN OF A POLYSACCHARIDE DERIVED TISSUE ENGINEERED VASCULAR GRAFT

By

Irina Robu

November 2010

Advisor: Dr. Howard Matthew

Major: Chemical Engineering

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

As the most frequent congenital anomaly and the leading cause of death, congenital heart disease is an attractive target for tissue engineering research. The challenging target to engineer a native blood vessel stems from the need to find substitutes for pediatric patients born with congenital defects. The tissue engineering graft functions to bring various cells of the vasculature in close proximity to one another to enable intercellular signaling which facilitates cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. …

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing Of Nano - Clays And Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites, Mihai Manitiu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Effective dispersion of the fillers in a polymer matrix and improvement of polymer-clay interactions are two key challenges in the field of nanocomposites. A novel processing method that utilizes the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to disperse nano-clay and prepare a series of polymer/clay nanocomposites with enhanced properties was explored.

Significant dispersion was achieved using the scCO2 process with Cloisite 10A without the presence of an organic phase as evident by the absence of the diffraction peak in WAXD and the presence of individual tactoids that lost their parallel registry. The expanded flexible structure of the scCO2 processed …