Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Author Index, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

On The Role Of Conditional Averages In Turbulence Theory, R. J. Adrian

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

It is shown that conditional averages in the form of expected values of functions of the velocity at an arbitrary point given the velocities at a finite number of distinct points, appear naturally in certain types of turbulence theories and that the closure problems in such theories ultimately reduce to the approximation of these averages. Two exemplary theories are considered. The first is characteristic of turbulence models formulated in terms of probability density functions whereas the second is related to the derivation of optimal algorithms for the numerical integration of the turbulent Navier-Stokes equations at large Reynolds numbers. Some mathematical …

Alcohol Assisted Hydrocarbon Fuels: A Comparison Of Exhaust Emissions And Fuel Consumption Using Steady-State And Dynamic Engine Test Facilities, D. J. Bushnell, J. M. Simonsen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper presents experimental data which exemplifies the differences in emission level testing on internal combustion engines when dynamic engine tests are used instead of steady-state engine tests. A comparison of the two test methods is made using hydrocarbon fuels with varying amounts of methanol. Emissions measured include the nitric oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Emission levels and fuel consumption are reported for the various volumetric percentages of methanol in the fuel.

Of special significance are the different trends the emission levels establish when subjected to a dynamic engine test as compared to the results for the steady-state tests. …

A Seismic Investigation Over A Near-Surface Cavern, Richard D. Rechtien, David M. Stewart

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A field experiment was conducted over a near-surface cavern with the principal objective of obtaining a spatial definition of the associated Cavity Resonance phenomenon, as reported by Watkins et. al. (1967) and by Godson and Watkins (1968). The results of the experiment were inconsistent with those of the earlier investigators in that all seismic events recorded in the vicinity of the cavity, having vertical velocity components, could be readily identified as standard modes of seismic wave transmission. A persistence of strong horizontal motion was observed for late record times. This horizontal motion was consistently oriented parallel to the cavity boundary, …

Vapor Pressures For The Ternary System 1-Butene, Isobutane, And 1, 3-Butadiene., Kevin Steele

Masters Theses

"An innovative apparatus suitable for the rapid but accurate measurement of vapor pressures of liquid solutions is described. Liquid solutions of known composition are prepared in a test cell by volumetric metering of degassed liquids. The operation of the apparatus is feasible over a wide range of temperature and pressure, producing data with an estimated probable error of ± 0.05 percent. Experimental P-X data for a system of C₄ hydrocarbons (1-Butene, Isobutane, and 1,3- Butadiene) are reported from 40-160 degrees Fahrenheit. The data are in agreement with the literature, and vapor pressures are expressed as a function of temperature …

Process Control Of Activated Sludge Treatment, Phase Ii, Richard I. Kermode, Robert W. J. Brett, Joseph D. Pault Jr.

KWRRI Research Reports

Material balances on substrate and microorganisms were derived in conjunction with various mixing configurations thought to accurately describe the activated sludge process. These models include the completely mixed with bypass, plug flow, and plug flow with bypass. Two sets of kinetic mechanisms for substrate utilization and bacterial growth were employed.

A feed forward controller was designed from linear approximations of the material balances derived in the completely mixed with bypass mixing model. Utilizing frequency response methods, the controller was found essentially identical to a completely mixed modeled controller developed in a prior investigation.

Through computer simulation the controller's effectiveness was …

A Computer-Automated Laboratory System In A University Environment, James H. Tracey, Hardy J. Pottinger, Richard D. Rechtien

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A computer-automated laboratory system at the University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, which serves a wide variety of instruction and research disciplines including Geophysics, Cloud Physics, and Computer Graphics, is described. The system serves as an example for campuses which are relatively small in geographic area and with budget limitations which dictate a step-by-step evolution. The paper describes 1) the constraints and economics realized in the development of the system, 2) the characteristics of the minicomputer network, and 3) an evaluation of the system philosophy and performance. Also included is a description of diverse laboratory projects supported by the computer-automated system. © …

An Experimental Study Of Mass Transfer To Droplets In Aqueous Polymer Solutions., Richard Gerard Schafermeyer

Masters Theses

"Instantaneous and time-average mass transfer coefficients for 1 the free-fall period was obtained for transfer of iodine from nonNewtonian continuous phases to carbon tetrachloride drops. The nonNewtonian continuous phases were aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxy polymethylene. Although a few exceptions were found, the continuous phase mass transfer coefficients were, in general, found to decrease with increasing time of drop contact. Comparisons of the experimental data to theoretical relations showed that changes in drop internal circulation probably occurred for that data which showed a time effect for the mass transfer coefficient. Several explanations for the time effect were offered, …

A Study Of Product Inhibition In The Reaction Of P-Nitrophenyl- Α - D - Glucoside Catalyzed By The Enzyme Glucoamylase I., Mark L. Dickhaus

Masters Theses

"The entire time course of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucoside by the enzyme glucoamylase I was followed spectrophotometrically. Using time versus absorbance data the constants in the Michaelis-Menten equation were determined. The effect of the addition of product to the initial reaction mixture and the effect of solvent and temperature were determined. It was found that product produced during the reaction did not have the same effect upon the rate as did product added initially to the reaction mixture. The presence of substrate caused the enzyme to acquire protection against inhibition by the product"-- Abstract, p. ii

An Examination Of The Adaptive Random Search Technique., Mark William Heuckroth

Masters Theses

"Random search procedures have recently been successfully applied to the optimization o f a variety of chemical engineering problems, including optimization of chemical processes by flow sheet simulation. These procedures represent the independent variables as random variables described by probability distributions. The adaptive random search procedure centers the distribution for each variable about the best search point found and examines this region for a better point. Thus, this technique has the ability of continuously moving the search region toward the optimum, which is particularly advantageous in following constraints.

This study examines the efficiency of the adaptive random search technique as …

Mechanical Degradation Of Dilute Solutions Of High Polymers In Capillary Tube Flow, John D. Culter, Jacques L. Zakin, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Experimental results on mechanical degradation in capillary tubes of polyisobutylene polymers in dilute solution are described. In laminar flow, degradation is independent of tube length, indicating that entrance effects are dominant. This shows that capillary experiments do not yield explicit information on the effect of shear stress on mechanical degradation. In turbulent flow, large entrance effects are also observed, but some degradation does take place in the fully developed flow region. Copyright © 1975 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Quantitative Overdesign Of Chemical Processes, R. A. Freeman, J. L. Gaddy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Overdesign is applied to chemical processes to account for expected variations in the design data or design conditions. These variables must be treated quantitatively in order to design a process that is certain to perform adequately. Process dependability is introduced as a means of quantifying variable process behavior. Overdesign using the dependability criterion is a stochastic optimization problem. An example problem with three stochastic variables and two design variables is presented to illustrate these procedures. Copyright © 1975 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

Drag Reduction In Solid‐Fluid Systems, I. Radin, J. L. Zakin, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pressure drop measurements were made on a variety of dilute solid‐liquid suspension systems in order to study the effects of particle shape and size, concentration, fluid viscosity, and tube diameter on friction factor. The central objective was to determine under what conditions drag reduction would occur. Copyright © 1975 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

Scattering Of Light Atoms From Strongly Periodic Surfaces, J. G. Stoll, Jr., Ralph E. White, J. J. Ehrhardt, R. I. Masel, J. P. Merrill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Electrochemical Reduction Of Molybdate In The Presence Of Zinc Chloride In Molten Lithium Chloride-Potassium Chloride Eutectic, R. Cvetkovic, Branko N. Popov, H. A. Laitinen

Faculty Publications

Two chronopotentiometric waves were observed for the electrochemical reduction of molybdate in the presence of zinc chloride, with quarter-wave potentials of –1.5V and –1.75V vs. the Pt(II)/Pt reference electrode, respectively. It was observed that an increase in the molybdate concentration causes a decrease of the first transition time indicating a chemical reaction between ZnCl₂ (which is reduced at –1.5V) and Li₂MoO₄ in the melt forming ZnMoO₄ which is sparingly dissociated in LiCl-KCl eutectic. The equilibrium constant for the observed reaction was calculated. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the reduction product of ZnMoO₄ have been …

Simulation Of Nonisothermal Absorber-Reactors For Multicomponent Systems, Robert E. Schwab

Doctoral Dissertations

"There are various models available for calculations involving one transferring component with chemical reaction for isothermal conditions using linear equilibrium data. However, the differential equations for multicomponent mass and energy transfer with chemical reaction have not been developed or implemented. This work demonstrates the development of a reliable model describing multicomponent mass and energy transfer in a continuous two-phase absorber-reactor for Non isothermal conditions and demonstrates the feasibility of solving the differential equations numerically. The numerical solution, using nonlinear equilibrium data, is used to obtain the absorber-reactor column specifications"-- Abstract, p. 2

Split-Film Anemometry In A Drag-Reducing Solution, Jack Chosnek

Doctoral Dissertations

"Turbulence measurements were made in the tube flow of mineral oil and a 0.2% solution of polyisobutylene in the same oil. Velocity profiles, axial and radial turbulence intensities, and axial and radial energy spectra were obtained in both fluids using a split-film anemometer probe. In addition, velocity profiles and axial turbulence intensities were obtained in oil using a 0.001-in. cylinder probe, a cone probe and a parabolic-wedge probe. The measurements were made in a one-inch tube at a constant fluid temperature of 30.0°C, in the Reynolds-number range of 4,800 to 50,000.

Four factors influenced the results in a greater manner …